The FitzHerbert Family
Henry FitzHerbert
Herbert
FitzHerbert
Sibyl Corbet
The Great Rolls of the Pipe for the Second, Third, and
Fourth Years of the Reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1155, 1156,
1157, 1158 p118 (ed. Joseph Hunter, 1884)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
4
HEN II.
WILTESCIRA.
Henricus filius Herberti reddit Computum de II marcis argenti. In
thesauro libavit. Et Quietus est.
which translates into English as:
4 Henry II.
WILTSHIRE.
Henry son of Herbert renders account of 2 marks of silver. In the
treasury he paid. And he is quit.
Henry is recorded in the Pipe Roll of 1159 offering a 100 mark fine to the
Crown to obtain royal sanction for a formal land agreement, such as a
property transfer, inheritance settlement, or lease covenant. The 100 marks
was pardoned by the king the following year.
The Great roll of the pipe for the fifth year of the
reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1158-1159 p27 (1884)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
GLOECESTERSCIRA.
Henricus filius Herberti debet C marcas pro Conventione terrae.
which translates into English as:
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
Henry son of Herbert owes 100 marks for an agreement of land.
p40
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
WILTESIRA.
Henricus filius Hereberti reddit Computum de V marcis de dono suo. In
thesauro libavit. Et Quietus est.
which translates into English as:
WILTSHIRE.
Henry son of Herbert renders account of 5 marks of his gift. In the
treasury he paid. And he is quit.
The Great roll of the pipe for the sixth year of the
reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1159-1160 p28 (1884)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
GLOECESTERSCIRA.
Henricus filius Herberti reddit Computum de C marcis de Placitis
Willielmi filii Johannis. In perdonis per breve Regis Eidem Henrico C
marcas. Et Quietus est.
which translates into English as:
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
Henry son of Herbert renders account of 100 marks for the pleas of
William fitz John. In pardons by writ of the King to the same Henry, 100
marks. And he is quit.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p23 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1160-1. … WILTESIRA. … Henricus filius
Herberti, vm.—ij [milites] et dimidium.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1160-1. … Wiltshire … Henry son of Herbert, 5 marks —
two and a half knights.
p58
A.D.
1171-2. … WILTESIRA. … Henricus filius
Herberti, xxs.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1171-2. … Wiltshire … Henry son of Herbert, 20
shillings.
Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p149
(Robert William Eyton, 1858)
Woodcote.
It is probable
that Herbert fitz Herbert (I.) died during Stephen’s reign, and that
Robert fitz Herbert, Herbert fitz Herbert, and Henry fitz Herbert,10
who appear soon after the Restoration, were his sons.
10 HENRY FITZ HERBERT
was contemporary with Robert fitz Herbert and with Herbert fitz Herbert
(II.). He is entered as paying two merks in the Wiltshire PipeRoll of
1158. In the Wiltshire and Gloucestershire Pipe-Rolls of 1159, this
Henry accounts for a donum of five merks and owes 100 merks for
some convention about lands. The last debt is probably the same
with one of 100 merks, which is entered on the Worcestershire Pipe-Roll
of 1160, as resulting from a Plea heard by William fitz John,—a
Justiciar of that period. In 1161, a Scutage at the rate of two merks
per fee was assessed on many Counties: Henry fitz Herbert paid five
merks thereto in Wiltshire. This Henry was, I take it, the same person
with that H. fitz Herbert who in 1165 acknowledges a tenure
in capite of one knight’s-fee in Wiltshire (Liber Niger, I.
114). It is probable that he was a younger brother of Robert fitz
Herbert and Herbert fits Herbert (II.).
Herbert FitzHerbert
Herbert the Chamberlain (FitzHenry?)
children: Herbert, William, Stephen
Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p147
(Robert William Eyton, 1858) says 2 brothers of this Herbert (HERB1xxx),
named William and Stephen (i.e Herbert, William and Stephen were all sons of
Herbert the (original) Chamberlain). For brother William see Dict Nat Biog
and Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 1 p92
(William Dugdale, 1849), For Stephen as son of Herbert see Early Yorkshire Charters vol 1 p40 (William
Farrer, 1914) though some interpret this as Stephen son of a Herbert
who was chamberlain to the king of Scotland; as well as Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 3 p1196
Num CXI
Emma, daughter of Stephen, Earl of
Blois by Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror (according to
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners
of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John Burke, 1838))
Sibyl Corbet, daughter of Robert
Corbet and co-heiress of Alcester (and a mistress of Henry I)
see Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp145-6
(Robert William Eyton, 1858)
Royal
chamberlain and treasurer to King Henry I
Herbert and his father "Herbert the Chamberlain" were granted lands in
Yorkshire by by Archbishop Thomas II of York (1108–1114).
Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 3 p1196
(William Dugdale, 1846)
NUM. CIX.
Carta Thomae Archiepiscopi Eborum sur Laundesburgh, et aliis Terris
in feodo collatis Do. Herberto Camerario, et filio suo
Herberto.
[Ex dicto Registro, part. i. fol. 69.]
THOMAS Dei gratiâ Eboracensis archiepiscopus omnibus
hominibus suis et amicis, salutem. Notum vobis facio, quod ego dedi
domino Herberto Camerario, et filio ejus, in feodum Laundesbrough, cum
Tolethorpe, Wiverthorpe, cum Helperthorpe et duabus Luttunis in
Turgisleby; unam carucatam terrae in Schyrburn, tres carucatas in
Brideshale; tres carucatas in Mulethorpe; quinque carucatas in
Ulkilthorpe; unam carucatam in Croym; quatuor carucatas in Colhum.
Ecclesiam cum dimidiâ carucatâ in Beverlaco; unam domum in Eborum;
ecclesiam sancti Johannis in Ugleford; et terram ab ecclesiâ usque ad
portam inter viam et fossatum. In Gloecestrescirâ terras quas
tenuerunt Hermerus et Turchitellus, propter hæc trium militum
servicium michi debet. Hujus rei testes sunt Robertus sancti Johannis
præpositus; Willielmus Bayoensis, Hugo de Pineonio canonicus S. Petri;
Herbertus filius; Albericus, Nigellus præpositus archiepiscopi Eborum,
W. marescallus et homines Stephani comitis, scil. Hermerus, Bernardus
vicecomes de Richemond, et Piscis nepos ejus. Val.
This roughly translates as:
NUM. 109.
Charter of Thomas, Archbishop of York, concerning Londesborough and
other lands granted in fee to the Lord Herbert the Chamberlain and his
son Herbert.
[From the said Register, part 1, folio 69.]
THOMAS,
by the grace of God archbishop of York, to all his men and friends,
greeting. I make known to you that I have given to the lord Herbert the
Chamberlain, and to his son, in fee: Londesborough, with Towthorpe,
Weaverthorpe with Helperthorpe, and two Luttons in Thixendale; one
carucate of land in Sherburn; three carucates in Birdsall; three
carucates in Mowthorpe; five carucates in Uncleby; one carucate in
Croom; four carucates in Coulton. A church with half a carucate in
Beverley; one house in York; the church of St. John in Ousegate; and the
land from the church up to the gate between the road and the ditch. In
Gloucestershire, the lands which Hermer and Turchitil held; for these he
owes me the service of three knights. Witnesses of this matter are:
Robert, provost of St. John; William of Bayeux; Hugh de Pinson, canon of
St. Peter; Herbert the son; Aubrey; Nigel, provost of the archbishop of
York; W. the marshal; and the men of count Stephen, namely Hermer,
Bernard sheriff of Richmond, and Piscis his nephew. Farewell.
NUM. CX.
Carta
Regis Stephani facta Willielmo Thesaurario Ebor. de Ecclesiis quas
tenet de feodo Herberti fratris sui.
[Ex dicto Registro, part. 4. fol. 21.]
STEPHANUS Rex Angliæ archiepiscopis, episcopis, et
baronibus, et justiciariis in quorum episcopatu et ballivâ Willielmus
thesaurarius Eborum, capellanus meus, habet ecclesias, salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse eidem Willielmo ecclesias quas tenet de feodo
Herberti fratris sui, cum terris et consuetudinibus et aliis rebus
eidem pertinentibus; scilicet ecclesiam de Wiverthorpe, ecclesiam de
Laundesbrough, et ecclesiam de Clerâ, cum capellis et pertinentibus;
et ecclesiam de Staunton cum terris et decimis omnibus et rebus eis
pertinentibus; et volo et præcipio, quod benè et in pace, et
honorificè teneat, sicut pater ejus et frater ejus Herbertus eas ei
dederunt et concesserunt, et sicut carta regis Henr. testatur.
Testibus, G. archiepisc. Eborum; D. episcopo Elm. et Johanne episc.
Sag. et Roberto de Veer; et Willielmo Martell, apud Eborum.
This roughly translates as:
NUM. 110.
Charter of King Stephen made to William, Treasurer of York, concerning
the churches which he holds of the fief of his brother Herbert.
[From the said Register, part 4, folio 21.]
STEPHEN,
King of England, to the archbishops, bishops, barons, and justices in
whose bishopric and jurisdiction William, Treasurer of York, my
chaplain, holds churches, greeting. Know ye that I have granted to the
same William the churches which he holds of the fee of his brother
Herbert, with the lands and customs and other things belonging to them;
namely, the church of Weaverthorpe, the church of Londesborough, and the
church of Clere, with its chapels and appurtenances; and the church of
Stanton, with all lands, tithes, and things belonging to them. And I
will and firmly command that he hold them well, in peace, and honorably,
just as his father and his brother Herbert gave and granted them to him,
and as the charter of king Henry testifieth. Witnesses: G., archbishop
of York; D., bishop of Elmham; John, bishop of Sées; Robert de Vere; and
William Martell. At York.
Herbert gave the church of Weaverthorpe to the canon of Nostell in a charter
which identifies Herbert as the brother of William, treasurer of York.
Early Yorkshire Charters vol 1 pp36-37
(William Farrer, 1914)
26.
Grant by Herbert, son of Herbert, to the canons of Nostell, of the
church of Weaverthorpe, for the support of their guest-house which
church William, treasurer of York, the grantor’s brother, first gave to
the canons in alms, with the consent of archbishop Thurstan.
1114-1121.
Chartul. of Nostell; Vesp. E. xix, f. 134d
(old p. 330).
Herbertus filius Herberti
universis sancte ecclesie fidelibus salutem. Notum sit universitati
vestre me caritatis intuitu et pro salute anime mee et omnium
antecessorirm et heredum meorum concessisse, dedisse, et hac presenti
carta mea confirmasse Deo et ecclesie Sancti Oswaldi de Nostl[ai] et
canonicis regularibus ibidem Deo servientibus ecclesiam de Wivertorp,
integre cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, habendam et tenendam ad eorum
et hospitum suorum sustentationem, in liberam, puram et perpetuam
elemosinam, solutam et quietam ex omni servitio seculari; quam
scilicet ecclesiam de Wivertorp cum omnibus pertinentiis suis
Willelmus frater meus, Eboracensis thesaurarius, jam dicte ecclesie
Sancti Oswaldi et prefatis canonicis in puram et perpetuam elemosinam
prius dedit, concessione venerabilis Thurstini Eboracensis
archiepiscopi, et in ejus presentia et totius capituli beati Petri
Eboracensis. Hujus testes sunt, etc.
This roughly translates as:
Herbert, son of Herbert, to all the
faithful of the holy church, greeting. Be it known to you all that, out
of regard for charity and for the salvation of my soul and the souls of
all my predecessors and heirs, I have granted, given, and by this
present charter confirmed to God and the church of Saint Oswald of
Nostell and the canons regular serving God there, the church of
Weaverthorpe, entire and with all its appurtenances, to be held for
their own sustenance and that of their guests as a free, pure, and
perpetual alms, quit and exempt from all secular service; which church
of Wivertorp, with all its appurtenances, my brother William, treasurer
of York, had previously given to the said church of Saint Oswald and the
aforesaid canons as a pure and perpetual alms, with the consent of the
venerable Thurstan, archbishop of York, and in his presence and that of
the entire chapter of blessed Peter of York. Witnesses to this are, etc.
The gift to Nostell was later confirmed by the king.
Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 1 p92
(William Dugdale, 1849)
Priory of Nostell
NUM.
II.
Carta Regis Henrici primi Donatorum Concessiones recitans et
confirmans.
IN nomine Patris et Filii, et Spiritus
Sancti, amen, . . . . temporibus totius mundanæ potestatis summa
virtus fuit, ut ecclesiam Christi; regum et principum autoritate, ac .
. . . . vires, et incrementa suscipiat, et gregis Dei religio per
totam orbis terrarum augeatur, et crescat. Ea sanè regis dignitatis
maxima laus est, cum ad posterorum memoriam de fide, et religione
multa probitatis prælibantur insignia. Eapropter ego Henricus Dei
gratia rex Anglorum, et dux Normannorum, pauperes Christi in cœlesti
curia semper advocatos habere desiderans, utpotè cujus ipsi sunt, et
concives simul et præsules, ad eosdem, tanquam ad sanctæ munitionis
asilum confugio, et eorum saltem merear opitulatione salvari, qui de
meis meritis nihil dignum censeo: ecclesiam igitur beati Oswaldi regis
et martyris, quæ juxta castellum Pontisfracti, in loco qui dicitur
Nostla, super vivarium sita est, et in quâ canonici regulares ad
serviendum Deo viventi, per manum venerabilis Turstini Eboracensis
archiepiscopi constituti sunt, regiæ potestatis autoritate confirmo.
Donationem verò quam predicti martyris ecclesiæ, et ejusdem
loci canonicis facio; videlicet, totum nemus, quod circa eandem
ecclesiam est, et quod dicitur nemus Sancti Oswaldi imperpetuum eis
liberum et solutum concedo, sicut unquam Ilbertus de Laceio, vel
Robertus filius ejus meliùs et honorificentiùs idem nemus habuerunt;
duodecem etiam denarios in die de firmâ meâ propriâ Eborasiræ, regali
dono, eis in perpetuum concedo: dimidiam verò carucatam terræ, in qua
prædicta ecclesia sita est, et eidem ecclesiæ adjacet, et duas bovatas
terre in Hardenwic, quam simul terram Robertus de Laceio eis dedit et
concessit, et Rad. Grammaticus, quantum ad se indè spectabat, ab omni
terreno servitio, et omnibus regalibus consuetudinibus in perpetuum,
regali munificentia, liberam, solutam, et quietam eis concedo.
Præterea confirmo donum quod feci prædictæ ecclesiæ, et canonicis
ejusdem loci; videlicet, ecclesias Sancti Oswaldi, et Aldani de
Baenburch, sicut Algarus presbiter unquam eas meliùs tenuit; et
ecclesiam de castello de Tichehelle, quam habent ex dono Turstini
archiepiscopi, qui prius eam meo dono possiderat, cum terris, et
decimis, et omnibus rebus, quæ ad prædictas ecclesias pertinent.
Donationes etiam, quas fecerunt prædictis canonicis principes,
et nobiles regni mei, ego quoque potestate regali confirmo; videlicet,
… De Herberto filio Hereberti, et Willielmoa fratre ejus
Eboracensis thesaurario, ecclesiam de Winertory, cum omnibus eidem
ecclesiæ pertinentibus concensu Turstini archiepiscopi;
a Postea Archiep.
This roughly translates as:
Charter of King Henry I reciting and confirming the grants of the
donors.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Spirit, amen, .... in all times of earthly power the greatest virtue was
to support Christ's Church, so that by authority of kings and princes it
may receive strength and increase, and the religion of God's flock may
be augmented throughout the whole world. Indeed, it is the highest
praise of royal dignity when many tokens of uprightness concerning faith
and religion are tasted for the memory of posterity. Therefore I, Henry,
by the grace of God king of the English and duke of the Normans,
desiring always to have Christ's poor as advocates in the heavenly
court, inasmuch as they are its citizens and prelates, flee to them as
to a refuge of holy protection, that by their help I may deserve
salvation, who deem myself worthy of nothing by my own merits.
Wherefore, by the authority of royal power, I confirm the church of the
blessed Oswald, king and martyr, which is situated near the castle of
Pontefract, in the place called Nostell, above the fishpond, and in
which regular canons have been established to serve the living God by
the hand of the venerable Thurstan, Archbishop of York.
And the grant which I make to the church of the foresaid martyr
and to the canons of that place is this: namely, I grant to them
forever, free and quit, the whole wood that is around the same church,
called Saint Oswald's Wood, as fully and honorably as Ilbert de Lacy or
his son Robert ever held it. I also grant them forever in royal gift
twelve pence a day from my own farm of Yorkshire. Likewise half a
carucate of land in which the foresaid church is situated and which
adjoins the church, and two bovates of land in Hardwick, which land
Robert de Lacy gave and granted to them, and Ralph Grammaticus, so far
as pertained to him, I grant to them free, quit, and discharge from all
earthly service and royal customs in perpetuity by royal munificence.
Furthermore, I confirm the gift which I made to the foresaid church and
its canons: namely, the churches of St. Oswald and St. Aidan of
Bamburgh, as fully as Algar the priest ever held them; and the church of
the castle of Tickhill, which they have by gift of Archbishop Thurstan
(who previously possessed it by my gift), with lands, tithes, and all
things belonging to the foresaid churches.
I also confirm by royal power the donations which the magnates
and nobles of my realm have made to the foresaid canons: namely,
… From Herbert fitz Herbert, and Williama his brother,
treasurer of York, the church of Weaverthorpe, with all appurtenances
belonging to it, with the consent of Archbishop Thurstan;
a Afterwards Archbishop
The charter above is also printed in Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati
1199-1216 vol 1 p215b (1837)
In 1129 or 1130, Herbert paid an enormous sum for this time (353 marks) to
inherit his father's lands. This indicates the huge wealth of the elder
Herbert, and also fixes an approximate date for his father's death. The Pipe
Roll of 31 Henry I covers the previous financial year (Michaelmas to
Michaelmas, i.e. 29 September 1129 to 29 September 1130).
Magnum rotulum scaccarii vel Magnum rotulum pipæ p37
(ed. Joseph Hunter, 1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
TRICESIMO
PRIMO REGIS HENRICI PRIMI
… HAMTESCIRA &c.
… Herbertus filius Herberti Camerarii reddit computum de .cccliij.
marcis argenti pro terra patris sui. In thesauro quater .xx. et .x.
marcas argenti. Et debet .cclxiij. marcas argenti.
which translates into English as:
In the thirty-first year of King Henry I
… Hampshire
… Herbert
son of Herbert the Chamberlain renders account of 353 marks of silver
for the land of his father. In the treasury, 90 marks of silver
[literally 4 times 20 plus 10 marks]. And he owes 263 marks of silver.
This entry in the Red Book of the Exchequer
documents Herbert as the son of Herbert the Chamberlain. The entry concerns
two knights fees held in Southamptonshire. The entry implies that Herbert
had already died by this date since his son held the lands.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p205 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1166. … SUTHAMTESCIRA.
… Herbertus filius Herberti Camerarii senioris tenuit feoda ij
militum, et modo tenet Herbertus filius ejus.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1166. … Southamptonshire
… Herbert, son of Herbert the Chamberlain the elder, held two knights'
fees, and his son Herbert now holds them.
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners
of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John Burke, 1838)
HERBERT
FITZ-HERBERT, called Herbert of
Winchester, Chamberlain and Treasurer to King Henry, I. and the
first of his family born in England. He m. Adela or Lucy,†
daughter and co-heir of Sir Robert Corbet, kt. Lord of Alcester in the
county of Warwick, and had issue,
Herbert, his heir.
Stephen Fitz-Herbert.
William Fitz-Herbert, called St. William of York,
having been canonized for his good and holy life. He was treasurer of
the church, chaplain to King Stephen, and Archbishop of York.
This Herbert in the 5th of King STEPHEN,
anno 1140, in conjunction with his eldest son, gave £333, in silver, for
livery of his father’s lands in Hampshire, and Thomas Archbishop of York
conferred upon him and his said son the lordships of Launsborough,
Collerthorpe, Wyderthorpe, Holperthorpe, and the two Lottum, besides,
one carucate of land in Turgisleby, three carucates in Schyneburne,
three in Bridstall, five in Middlethorpe, five in Urkilthorpe, &c.
and all to be holden by the service of three knight’s fees. He was s.
by his son aforesaid,
† She had been concubine to King HENRY the
I. and was mother by that prince of Reginald Earl of Cornwall.
Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p149
(Robert William Eyton, 1858)
Woodcote.
HERBERT
FITZ HERBERT, the husband of Sibil, or, as she
is sometimes called, Adela Corbet. Herbert fitz Herbert, with William,
Treasurer of York, his brother, and by consent of Turstin, Archbishop of
York, granted the Church of Wivertorp to the Yorkshire Priory of Nostel.8
There can be no doubt that this grant was made, but if the Confirmation
of Henry I., which embodies it, be a genuine document, and accurately
transcribed, the grant must have taken place previous to the year 1127,
when Richard, Bishop of Hereford (one of the ostended witnesses of the
Confirmation) died. I know of nothing to back the idea thus suggested,
that Herbert fitz Herbert and his brother William were in a condition to
grant so early. Herbert fitz Herbert had a suit with Herbert, Abbot of
Westminster, about lands at Pereham and Maseleford in Sussex. The Suit
was settled by judgment of the Barons of the Exchequer in favour of the
Abbot, and a Writ of King Henry I. certified the result to the Sheriffs
of Sussex and Middlesex.9
We have seen Herbert fitz Herbert liquidating his Fine on
succession in 1130. Of his conduct in the civil wars between Stephen and
the Empress I can learn nothing, but as one of his sons married Lucia, a
daughter of Milo, Earl of Hereford, we may presume that this branch of
the Fitz Herberts took the side of legitimacy. It is probable that
Herbert fitz Herbert (I.) died during Stephen's reign, and that Robert
fitz Herbert, Herbert fitz Herbert, and Henry fitz Herbert, who appear
soon after the Restoration, were his sons.
8 Monasticon,
VI. 92, No. II.
9 Abbrev.
Placitorum, p. 84.
The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n (George
Edward Cokayne, 1926)
(d)
… Herbert was s. and h. of Herbert fitz Herbert, by Sibyl, Lady of
Alcester and Pontesbury, da. and coh. of Robert Corbet. The last named
Herbert succeeded his father, Herbert the Chamberlain, about 1129. (Fine
Roll , 6 Joh., m. 17; Close Roll, m. 20: Pipe Roll,
31 Hen. I: &c.).
before 1155, when his son Robert had
inherited his lands
- Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p205
(ed. Hubert Hall, 1896); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p147
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p149
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p149
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p149
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p205
(ed. Hubert Hall, 1896); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp149-150
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
Herbert FitzHerbert
Herbert
FitzHerbert
Sibyl Corbet
Lucy de Hereford
Lucy of Hereford, daughter of Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford and
Sibyl de Neufmarché.
Lucy, Lady of Blaen Llyfni and Bwlch y Dinas, da. and eventually coh. of
Miles, Earl of Hereford. (The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n (George
Edward Cokayne, 1926))
See Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p152
(Robert William Eyton, 1858)
Lucia de Hereford is explicitly named as the mother of Peter, son of Herbert
in
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p296 (1833)
1217.
REX Ric̅o filio Reg̃ sat̃t̃. Mandam̄9
vob̄ qđ sine dilōne plenā saisinā hr̃e faciatis dilc̃o nob̃ in Xp̅o
Ab̃bi de Abbendoñ de man̅io de Lechamsteď c̅ om̄ib̃9 ptiñ
suis quod de feodo suo est quod quidẽ Lucia de Hereford̄ mat̅ Pet̅i
filii Herb̄ti que ī fata 9cessit de feodo ip̅ius Ab̃bis tenuit. Et
qm̃ sigillū nōd̄ū tc̃a. T. eod̄ Com̅ apud Oxoñ, xviij̅o.
die Jañ.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1217.
Rex Ricardo filio Regis salutem. Mandamus vobis quod sine
dilatione plenam saisinam habere faciatis dilecto nobis in Christo
Abbati de Abbendon de manerio de Lechamsted cum omnibus pertinentiis
suis quod de feodo suo est quod quidem Lucia de Hereford mater Petri
filii Herberti quae in fata concessit de feodo ipsius Abbatis tenuit.
Et quoniam sigillum nondum etcetera. Teste eodem Comite apud Oxoniam,
xviij°. die Januarii.
which translates into English as:
1217.
The king to Richard, son of the king, greeting. We command you
that without delay you cause our beloved in Christ, the abbot of
Abingdon, to have full seisin [possession] of the manor of Leckhampstead
with all its appurtenances, which is of his fee, which same manor Lucy
of Hereford, mother of Peter son of Herbert, who has departed into the
fates [passed away], held of the fee of the same abbot. And since [our]
seal [is] not yet [made] etc. Witnessed by the same earl at Oxford, the
18th day of January.
Monasticon Anglicanum vol 3 p264 (William
Dugdale, 1846)
Apres
ces sink fiz qe morirunt tus sans heyr de sey, eschey le heritage al
tres files avant nomes, a Margerie Berte et Lucie. Margerie se meusa a
Hunfry de Boun ou sa partie qe estoyt le conte de Hereford. Berte se
marie a Willame de Brewes ou tote sa tere de Brekenoch. Lucie se maria
a Hereberd le fix Hereberd ou tote la foreste de Dene et autres
teres. Mes cesti Hereberd pur trespas qe fet aveyt au roy de
Engletere, Henry le Secund fiz le emperice, le an cely roy quart, tote
la foreste le rendi et quite clama.
This roughly translates as:
After these
five sons who all died without heirs of their body, the inheritance
escheated to the three daughters named before: to Margery, Bertha, and
Lucy. Margery was married to Humphrey de Bohun with her portion, who was
the Earl of Hereford. Bertha was married to William de Braose with all
her land of Brecon. Lucy was married to Herbert fitz Herbert with all
the forest of Dene and other lands. But this Herbert, on account of a
trespass which he had committed against the king of England, Henry the
Second, son of the empress, in the fourth year of that king, surrendered
and quitclaimed all the forest.
Royal
chamberlain; sheriff of Gloucestershire (1196 - 1199) and sheriff of
Shropshire
Herbert is recorded in 1161-2, paying scutage
of 1 mark in Wiltshire.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p32 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1161-2. … WILTESIRA. … Herbertus filius
Herberti, jm.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1161-2. … Wiltshire … Herbert son of Herbert, 1m.
Herbert is recorded in the Pipe Roll of 1165 making a payment of 15 pounds
and 5 shillings in Hampshire.
The Great roll of the pipe for the eleventh year of
the reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1164-1165 p42
(1887)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
HANTESCIRA.
Herbertus filius Herberti reddit Computum de .xv. libris et .v.
solidis. In thesauro libavit. Et Quietus est.
which translates into English as:
HAMPSHIRE.
Herbert son of Herbert renders account of 15 pounds and 5 shillings. In
the treasury he paid. And he is quit.
The following year Herbert was fined 60 marks in Faringdon, Berkshire, for
encroachment on royal forest.
The Great roll of the pipe for the twelfth year of the
reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1165-1166 p121 (1887)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
FEREDONA.
Herbertus filius Herberti reddit Computum de LX marcis pro foresta. In
thesauro XX marcis. Et debet XL marcas.
which translates into English as:
FARINGDON.
Herbert son of Herbert renders account of 60 marks for the forest. In
the treasury, 20 marks. And he owes 40 marks.
This entry in the Red Book of the Exchequer
documents Herbert as the son of Herbert who was, in turn, the son of Herbert
the Chamberlain. The entry concerns two knights fees held in
Southamptonshire.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p205 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1166. … SUTHAMTESCIRA.
… Herbertus filius Herberti Camerarii senioris tenuit feoda ij
militum, et modo tenet Herbertus filius ejus.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1166. … Southamptonshire
… Herbert, son of Herbert the Chamberlain the elder, held two knights'
fees, and his son Herbert now holds them.
In 1177 Herbert and two others were offered the kingdom of Limerick by king
Henry II for 60 knights fees, but he declined this offer due to the danger
of subduing the territory was which still held fiercely by the Gaelic Irish
led by Domnall
Mór Ua Briain.
Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene vol 2
pp134-136 (ed. William Stubbs, 1869)
A.D.
1177. May
Deditque dominus rex Hugoni de Lasci, ut
supradictum est, in Hybernia totam Midam cum pertinentiis suis pro
servitio c. militum, tenendam de ipso et Johanne filio suo, et cartam
suam ei inde fecit. Deditque ibidem Roberto filio Stephani et Miloni
de Cogham regnum de Corch, pro servitio lx. militum, tenendum de ipso
et Johanne filio suo, excepta civitate de Corch cum uno cantredo, quem
dominus rex sibi et hæredibus suis retinuit. Deditque ibidem Hereberto
filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi,2 et
Joslano de la Pumerai nepoti eorum, regnum de Limeric, pro servitio
lx. militum, tenendum de ipso et Johanne filio suo; excepta civitate
de Limeric cum uno cantredo, quem dominus rex sibi et hæredibus suis
retinuit.
… Deinde3 venit dominus rex usque Merleberge, ubi rex dedit
Philippo de Breusa totum regnum de Limeric pro servitio sexaginta
militum, tenendum de ipso et de Johanne filio suo. Nam Herbertus et
Willelmus fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiæ, et Joslanus de la
Pumerai nepos eorum, regnum illud habere noluerunt, eo quod nondum
perquisitum erat. Nam occiso a regalibus rege Monoculo,4
qui rex erat de Limeric et homo regis Angliæ inde fuerat, quidam de
progenie illius, vir potens et fortis, regnum de Limeric invasit,
cepit, et potenter rexit, nullam subjectionem faciens regi Angliæ; nec
suis obedire voluit propter infidelitatem eorum, et mala quæ faciebant
populo Hyberniæ sine merito. Rex vero Corcensis et alii multi divites
Hyberniæ insurrexerunt in regem Angliæ et suos: et erant novissima
eorum pejora prioribus, et se mutuo interfecerunt.
2 Earl of Cornwall, son of Henry I.
3 Deinde] after June 3. Bened. i. 172.
4 Tigernach o Rourk, king of Meath.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1177. May
And the
lord king gave to Hugh de Lacy, as was said above, all Meath in Ireland
with its appurtenances for the service of 100 knights, to be held from
himself and John his son, and he made his charter to him thereof. And he
gave there to Robert fitz Stephen and Miles de Cogan the kingdom of
Cork, for the service of 60 knights, to be held from himself and John
his son, except the city of Cork with one cantred, which the lord king
retained for himself and his heirs. And he gave there to Herbert fitz
Herbert, and William, brother of earl Reginald2, and Goscelin
de la Pomerai their nephew, the kingdom of Limerick, for the service of
60 knights, to be held from himself and John his son; except the city of
Limerick with one cantred [unit of land equivalent to a hundred], which
the lord king retained for himself and his heirs.
… Then3 the lord king came to Marlborough, where the
king gave to Philip de Braose the whole kingdom of Limerick for the
service of sixty knights, to be held from himself and from John his son.
For Herbert and William, brothers of Reginald, earl of Cornwall, and
Goscelin de la Pomerai their nephew, were unwilling to have that
kingdom, because it was not yet conquered. For after king Monoculo4
[the One-Eyed], who was king of Limerick and had been the king of
England's man for it, was slain by the king's men, a certain man of his
lineage, a powerful and strong man, invaded, seized, and powerfully
ruled the kingdom of Limerick, rendering no subjection to the king of
England; nor was he willing to obey his [the king's] men because of
their faithlessness and the undeserved evils they were inflicting upon
the people of Ireland. Indeed, the king of Cork and many other rich men
of Ireland rose up against the king of England and his men: and their
last state was worse than the first, and they slaughtered one another.
2 Earl of Cornwall, son of
Henry I.
3 Then] after June 3. Bened. i. 172.
4 Tigernach o Rourk, king of Meath.
Early Yorkshire Charters vol 1 pp40-41
(William Farrer, 1914)
33.
Grant by William, son of Hugh de Bridessale, to the convent of Watton of
2 bovates of the fee of Herbert son of Herbert in Birdsall, lying next
the land which the nuns and brethren have of the fee of Patric de
Ryedale. c.1175-c.1195.
Lord Middleton’s deeds at Wollaton Hall. Pd. in Hist.
MSS. Com. Rep. (1911), p. 22.
Omnibus sancte matris ecclesie
filiis presentibus et futuris Willelmus films Hugonis de Bridssale
salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et hac carta mea confirmasse consensu et
assensu Juliane sponse mee et Willelmi heredis mei et aliorum heredum
meorum Deo et Beate Marie et conventui de Wattun, in liberam et
quietam et perpetuam elemosinam duas bovatas terre in territorio de
Bredessale sine tofto cum pastura et omnibus pertinentiis, illas
videlicet bovatas que sunt de feudo Herberti filii Herberti et jacent
propinquiores terre eorum quam habent de feudo Patricii le Ridale,
faciendo michi et heredibus meis liberum forinsecum servitium
tantummodo quantum pertinet ad terram illam cum accident de feudo unde
sex carrucate terre faciunt servitium unius militis; et ego et heredes
mei warantizabimus hanc predictam terram prefato conventui contra
omnes homines per predictum servitium de omnibus rebus in perpetuum.
His testibus, Rogero de Bavent, Waltero de Bovintun, Gileberto de
Bridessale, Waltero de Grimest[un], Willelmo de Berevilla, Ricardo de
Helperthorp, Radulfo Wacelin, Roberto de Helperthorp, Thoma filio
Joleni, Godefrido Talun, Willelmo de Thorgrimthorp, Paulino de
Bozhale.
Equestrian seal. Legend :
+ SIGILLVM WILLELMI DE BRIDESAL.
Herbert Fitz-Herbert, tenant of the
archbishop, succeeded his brother, Robert Fitz-Herbert the chamberlain,
upon the latter's death without issue in 1165.1 In the
following year he was returned as holding 3 knights’ fees under the
archbishop.2 He died in 1204. The 2 bovates given to Watton
were held of him by William, son of Hugh de Bridesale, as part of a
knight’s fee consisting of 6 carucates of land. … This charter is
difficult to date, but it seems to belong to the period 1175-1195.
1 Pipe R., ii Hen. II, 43. He was living in
1165, but the carta of 1166 show that Herbert Fitz-Herbert had then
succeeded him.
2 Red Bk., 413.
Herbert is recorded in 1190-1 paying scutage of 20 shillings for two
knight's fees in Berkshire.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p73 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1190-1. … BERKESIRE. … Herbertus filius
Herberti, xxs. in ij milites.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1190-1. … Berkshire … Herbert son of Herbert, 20s.
2 knight's fees.
The marriage settlement of Herbert's son, Peter, dated 20 November 1203,
documents Herbert's father and provides information about some of his land
holdings.
Curia Regis Rolls 5-7 JOHN pp6-7 (1926)
1203.
Euerwikesir’.— Sciant presentes et futuri quod ita
convenit inter Herebertum filium Hereberti et Petrum filium ejus de
maritagio Alicie filie Roberti filii Rogeri, quam idem Petrus duxit in
uxorem, quod predictus Herebertus dedit et concessit Petro filio suo ad
dotandum Aliciam predictam uxorem suam totum tenementum suum de
Euerwikesir’, de quo eum saisivit coram domino H. Cantuariensi episcopo
G. filio Petri justiciario domini regis Willelmo de Cantilupo Reginaldo
de Cornhull’ Ricardo de Seinghes et multis aliis: idem autem Petrus
predictam Aliciam uxorem suam inde dotavit de assensu patris sui. Idem
eciam Petrus concessit patri suo totum tenementum predictum tam de se
quam de Alicia uxore sua tenendum ad firmam tota vita ipsius Hereberti
pro centum marcis annuis in duobus terminis anni solvendis, scilicet
quinquaginta marcis ad Pascha et quinquaginta marcis ad festum sancti
Micaelis, ita quod, si predictus Herebertus firmam illam prefato Petro
aut predicte Alicie uxori sue in terminis statutis non reddiderit, ipse
Petrus et Alicia uxor sua totum tenementum illud in manum suam recipient
sine aliqua reclamatione predicti Hereberti: et si Petrus aut Alicia
uxor sua huic conventioni non steterit, predictus Herebertus quietus
erit de predicta firma illis reddenda: si autem predictum Petrum ante
patrem suum mori contingit, ipse Herebertus predicte Alicie uxori
predicti Petri firmam illam in vita sua integre persolvet, ita quod, si
predictus Herebertus firmam illam eidem Alicie ad terminos statutos non
reddiderit, ipsa Alicia totum tenementum illud in manum suam recipiet
sine aliqua reclamatione ipsius Hereberti: et si ipsa Alicia huic
conventioni in aliqua contradixerit, predictus Herebertus quietus erit
de predicta firma illi reddenda: et eadem Alicia post mortem pre[dicti]
Hereberti, si ipsa supervixerit, totum tenementum illud tanquam dotem
suam recuperabit. De ista conventione hinc inde firmiter tenenda plegii
sunt predictus dominus Cantuariensis archiepiscopus et G. filius Petri
justiciarius. Et si predictus Herebertus a conventione illa aliquatenus
vellet resilire, predictus dominus archiepiscopus de [assen]su ipsius
Hereberti eum distringet per justiciam ecclesiasticam secundum
conventionem … et cartam inter eos factam … dictus itaque Herebertus
cartam suam faciet prefato Petro filio suo secundum scriptum illud:
Petrus etiam Hereberto [patri] suo secundum idem scriptum cartam suam
faciet: dictus quoque Herebertus uxori ejusdem Petri, et eadem uxor
predicto Hereberto, cartam suam inde faciet. Hec conventio recordata
fuit apud Westmonasterium et concessa xx. die Novembris anno quinto
regni regis Johannis coram Ricardo de Herierd Simone de Pateshill’
Godefrido de Insula Johanne de Gestinghes Oseberto filio Herveii
Eustacio de Faukenberge Waltero de Crepinghes justiciariis et aliis
fidelibus domini regis ibidem tunc presentibus.
This roughly translates as:
1203.
Yorkshire.—
Let those present and future know that it has been thus agreed between
Herbert, son of Herbert, and Peter, his son, concerning the marriage of
Alice, daughter of Robert, son of Roger, whom the same Peter has taken
as his wife: that the aforesaid Herbert has given and granted to Peter,
his son, for the dower of the aforesaid Alice, his wife, his entire
tenement [estate/holding] of Yorkshire, of which he seized [legally put
him in possession of] him in the presence of the Lord H[ubert],
archbishop of Canterbury, G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, justiciar of the lord
king, William de Cantilupe, Reginald de Cornhill, Richard de Seinghes,
and many others; and the same Peter has endowed his aforesaid wife Alice
therewith, with the assent of his father. The same Peter has also
granted to his father the entire aforesaid tenement, both on behalf of
himself and of Alice his wife, to be held at farm [leased] for the
entire life of the same Herbert for one hundred marks annually, to be
paid at two terms of the year: namely, fifty marks at Easter and fifty
marks at the Feast of Saint Michael [Michaelmas]. So that if the
aforesaid Herbert does not pay that farm to the late Peter or to the
aforesaid Alice his wife at the appointed terms, Peter himself and Alice
his wife shall receive that entire tenement into their own hand without
any objection from the aforesaid Herbert. And if Peter or Alice his wife
does not abide by this agreement, the aforesaid Herbert shall be quit
[released] from paying the aforesaid farm to them. If, however, it
happens that the aforesaid Peter dies before his father, Herbert himself
shall pay that farm in its entirety to the aforesaid Alice, wife of the
aforesaid Peter, during her life; so that if the aforesaid Herbert does
not pay that farm to the same Alice at the appointed terms, Alice
herself shall receive that entire tenement into her own hand without any
objection from the same Herbert. And if Alice herself acts contrary to
this agreement in any way, the aforesaid Herbert shall be quit from
paying the aforesaid farm to her. And the same Alice, after the death of
the aforesaid Herbert, if she survives him, shall recover that entire
tenement as her dower. For the firm holding of this agreement on both
sides, the pledges are the aforesaid lord archbishop of Canterbury and
G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, justiciar. And if the aforesaid Herbert should
wish to withdraw from that agreement in any respect, the aforesaid lord
archbishop, with the assent of Herbert himself, shall distrain him
through ecclesiastical justice according to the agreement… and the
charter made between them… and so the said Herbert shall make his
charter to the preferred Peter, his son, according to that writing;
Peter also shall make his charter to Herbert, his father, according to
the same writing; and the said Herbert shall make his charter thereof to
the wife of the same Peter, and the same wife to the aforesaid Herbert.
This agreement was recorded at Westminster and granted on the 20th day
of November in the fifth year of the reign of king John [20 November,
1203], before Richard de Herriard, Simon de Pattishall, Godfrey de
l'Isle, John de Gestinghes, Osbert fitz Hervey, Eustace de Fauconberg,
Walter de Crepping, justices, and other faithful subjects of the lord
king then present there.
This confirmation by the king of a gift Herbert made to the church is dated
20 April 1204, but it is not clear whether Herbert had already died at this
date (a different charter confirms his death by 18 July 1204)
Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati
1199-1216 vol 1 p127 (1837)
1204
Johannes Dei gratia etc. Sciatis nos concessisse, et presenti
carta nostra confirmasse, ecclesie Sancti Edmundi de Lehamstede,
rationabilem donationem quam Herbertus filius Herberti fecit eidem
ecclesie de dimidia virgata terre quam tenuit Aldith, habendam et
tenendam eidem ecclesie in puram et perpetuam elemosinam, sicut carta
ejusdem Herberti quam inde predicte ecclesie fecit rationabiliter
testatur. Quare volumus et firmiter precipimus quod predicta ecclesia
habeat et teneat predictam dimidiam virgatam terre, bene et in pace,
libere, et quiete, et integre, in puram et perpetuam elemosinam, sicut
predictum est. Testibus G. filio Petri comite Essexie, R. comite
Cestrie, Warino filio Geroldi, Roberto de Veteri Ponte, Petro de Stok.
Data per manum domini S. Cicestrensis electi, apud Walingeford, xx.
die Aprilis, anno regni nostri quinto.
This roughly translates as:
1204
John, by the grace of God etc. Know ye that we have granted, and
by our present charter confirmed, to the church of St. Edmund of
Leckhampstead, the reasonable gift which Herbert son of Herbert made to
the same church of half a virgate of land which Aldith held, to have and
to hold for the same church in pure and perpetual alms, as the charter
of the same Herbert which he made thereof to the foresaid church
reasonably testifieth. Wherefore we will and firmly command that the
foresaid church shall have and hold the foresaid half virgate of land,
well and in peace, freely, quietly, and entirely, in pure and perpetual
alms, as is aforesaid. Witnesses: G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, Earl of Essex;
R[anulf], Earl of Chester; Warin fitz Gerold; Robert de Vieuxpont; Peter
de Stoke. Given by the hand of the lord S[imon de Wells], Bishop-elect
of Chichester, at Wallingford, on the 20th day of April, in the fifth
year of our reign.
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners
of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John Burke, 1838)
HERBERT
FITZ-HERBERT, who obtained from HENRY
II. a confirmation of the landed possessions of his father, and likewise
the office of chamberlain. In the 12th of that monarch, anno
1166, upon the assessment of the aid which was then levied for marrying
the king’s daughter, he certified that he held one knight’s fee in Wilts
and three in Berks. Upon the Conquest of Ireland HENRY
II. at a great council held at Oxford anno 1177 gave the kingdom of
Limeric in that Realme to this Herbert and William his brother,
Reginald, Earl of Cornwall and Josceline de la Pomerai their nephew (the
City of Limeric and one cantred excepted, which the king reserved to
himself and his heirs) to be held by the service of sixty knight’s fees,
but it appears they declined the gift. In the 6th of RICHARD
I. he was sheriff of the county of Gloucester, for one of that year and
afterwards during the whole reign of that king. In the eighth of the
same reign he was likewise sheriff of Shropshire. He m. Lucie,
third dau. and co-heir of Milo Fitzwalter, Earl of Hereford, and by her
acquired the Forest of Dene, where he afterwards resided in the Castle
of St. Michael, with other large possessions in the counties of
Brecknock and Gloucester. He had issue,
Reginald Fitz-Herbert, d. s. p. vita patris.
PETER FITZ-HERBERT,
his heir.
Matthew Fitz-Herbert, sheriff of Sussex, in 1233, and being named
one of the barons to King JOHN, signed Magna
Charter in 1215. …
Herbert d. in 1205, and
was s. by his elder surviving son,
Monasticon Anglicanum vol 3 p264 (William
Dugdale, 1846)
Lucie
se maria a Hereberd le fix Hereberd ou tote la foreste de Dene et
autres teres. Mes cesti Hereberd pur trespas qe fet aveyt au roy
de Engletere, Henry le Secund fiz le emperice, le an cely roy quart,
tote la foreste le rendi et quite clama.
This roughly translates as:
Lucy was
married to Herbert fitz Herbert with all the forest of Dene and other
lands. But this Herbert, on account of a trespass which he had committed
against the king of England, Henry the Second, son of the empress, in
the fourth year of that king, surrendered and quitclaimed all the
forest.
Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp150-152
(Robert William Eyton, 1858)
Woodcote.
HERBERT
FITZ HERBERT (II.). In 1156, I find Herbert
fitz Herbert excused his quota of scutage, as a military Tenant under
the Abbeys of Hide and Abingdon.
A Monastic Stemma assures us that Herbert fitz Herbert,
having (as his wife Lucia’s share of the Earldom of Hereford) the Forest
of Dene and other lands, quitclaimed the said Forest to Henry
II. for some political offence against that monarch.13 This
surrender the Chronicler dates in the fourth year of Henry II., that is,
in the year 1158, when we know from better authority that Earl Milo’s
male issue was not extinct, and that therefore the coheirship of his
daughters could not have arisen. In the year 1165, Earl Milo’s sons were
all dead, and Margaret de Bohun, the eldest of his daughters, duly
appears with her share of Earl Milo’s estates.14 The Record
however bespeaks no similar recognition of the claims of Herbert fitz
Herbert. His only tenure-in-capite was four knights’-fees,
entered under Berkshire, on which he owed the Serjeantry or Service of
his own person; that is, the discharge of his duties as a Royal
Chamberlain.15 Herbert fitz Herbert also held two
knights’-fees under the Bishop of Winchester, three knights’-fees under
the Archbishop of York, one knight’s-fee under the Abbot of Abingdon,
one knight’s-fee under John de Port of Hampshire, and half a fee under
the Earl of Gloucester. All these were apparently of the old
feoffment, and therefore inherited from his ancestors. The Bishop
of Winchester’s statement of Fitz Herbert’s tenure proves his descent as
I have drawn it. It is as follows—“Herbert, son of Herbert the older
Chamberlain, held a fee of two knights (in the time of King Henry I.):
and now Herbert his son holds it.”16 The succession of three
generations of Herberts, and when they lived, is as clear as Record can
make it.
It is now time to advert to various marks of disfavour
discernible in the dealings of Henry II. with Herbert fitz Herbert
(II.). It is evident that he was admitted to far less than a full share
of the inheritances which should have come to him by his wife and his
mother; and there is some proof that at one period he was under total
forfeiture. The cause of all this is merely matter of conjecture, but
what I have to offer will at least bear the test of chronology. It is
probable that Robert fitz Corbet’s legitimate coheirs were not allowed
to enter on his Barony during the lifetime of his illegitimate Grandson,
Reginald, Earl of Cornwall. Of Alcester, at least, it is certain that
Earl Reginald held the whole Manor for his life, and that it remained an
Escheat long after his death, which happened in December 1175.17
Herbert fitz Herbert, the Earl’s half brother, was not as yet in
disfavour with Henry II., if we may judge firom the following fact.
Early in May 1177, the King held a Council at Oxford about Ireland, and
there granted the Kingdom of Limerick to “Herbert fitz Herbert, to
William, brother of Earl Reginald, and to Joel de la Pumerai, their
Nephew (nepoti eorum).18 At another Council, at
Marlborough, about a fortnight after, Herbert and William, brothers of
Reginald, Earl of Cornwall, and Joel de Pumerai, their nephew, declined
receiving the said Kingdom;19 and King Henry forthwith
granted it to Philip de Braose.20
The Herefordshire Pipe-Roll of 1185, gives us ample evidence that
previous to Michaelmas 1184, Herbert fitz Herbert had incurred summary
forfeiture. Geoffey fitz Piers had custody of his Manors. He accounts
£20. 0s. 10d. for the old ferm thereof, that is,
he hands over to the Exchequer that amount, received previous to
Michaelmas 1184. The current year’s receipts amounted to £121. 19s.
2d.; a noble income in those days. Out of these receipts the
Justiciar had disbursed £5. in the maintenance and hire of seven of his
own servants, who had been set (assisi) to keep the said land. He
had also, by the King’s order, bestowed £4. 10s. 8d. in
the livery of Herbert fitz Herbert himself; whose personal liberty
seems, on this evidence, to have been abridged. Before King Richard had
reigned a year, we know that Herbert fitz Herbert recovered his part of
his wife’s inheritance. The Wiltshire Pipe-Roll of 1190 records his
payment of £33. 3s. 10d., or nearly half of a Fine of 100
merks, which he had negotiated for his said share. It is probable that,
during the reign of Richard I., Herbert fitz Herbert (II.) was also
restored to his moiety of Alcester, and to such a share of Robert
Corbet’s Barony as is afterwards found in his Successors. A meagre share
indeed it was; for of five Domesday Manors already reviewed in
these pages as members of Robert Corbet’s Fief, Herbert fitz Herbert
appears to have had an interest, and that temporary, in only one, viz.,
Ratlinghope. Woodcote, now under notice, is the first that I can trace
to his descendants. The Knight’s-service which the Fitz Herberts owed to
the Crown for their Shropshire Fief, was merely that of half a fee. The
first and only Shropshire Scutage to which Herbert fitz Herbert was
assessed, was the 4th Scutage of John, levied in 1203. He was charged
one merk for half a knight’s-fee, and paid it. Before June 1204 he had
been succeeded by his son and heir, Peter fitz Herbert, of whom we have
already had mention as associated with the Wiltshire Law Suits of his
Father in the previous reign.21
13 Monasticon, III. 264, a.
14 . 15 Liber Niger,
T. 167, 182.
16 Ibidem, p. 69.
17 Benedictus Abbas, p. 128.
18 Ibidem, p. 206.
19 Benedictitus Abbas, p. 220.
20 Hoveden, p. 324.
21 Supra, p. 70.
The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n (George
Edward Cokayne, 1926)
(d)
… Piers (who d. kal. Julii—seemingly a mistake for kal.
Junii—was bur. at Reading—Annales de Theokesberia, p. 97)
was 2nd but 1st surv. s. and h. of Herbert fitz Herbert (who d.
before 18 July 1204), by Lucy, Lady of Blaen Llyfni and Bwlch y Dinas,
da. and eventually coh. of Miles, Earl of Hereford. Herbert was s. and
h. of Herbert fitz Herbert, by Sibyl, Lady of Alcester and Pontesbury,
da. and coh. of Robert Corbet.
1204
Herbert is known to have been alive on 20 November 1203 when he agreed a
marriage settlement for his son, Piers (Curia Regis Rolls 5-7 JOHN pp6-7 (1926))
but had died by 18 July 1204, when his land at Alcester had been inherited
by Piers.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p3 (1833)
REX tcc̃. G. fit̃ Pet̄. Mandam̄9 vob̄ qd̄
pvideatis de aliqa eschaeta n̄ra Hamōi Falconario q̃ ei reman̄e possit
ī escābiū ad valentiā t̄re sue de Alencestr̄ q̄a reddim̄9
Pet̄o fit̄ Hereb̄ti. t̄ eā illi h̄re faciatis. T. W. Com̄ Sar̄r̄ ap̄d
Bristolt̄ xviij. die Jul̄i. p̄ Huḡ de Nevill̄.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
REX etc. G. filio Petri salutem. Mandamus vobis
quod provideatis de aliqua eschaeta nostra Hamoni Falconario quae ei
remanere possit in escambium ad valentiam terrae suae de Alencestr’
quam reddidimus Petro filio Hereberti; et eam illi habere faciatis.
Teste W. Comite Sarisberiae apud Bristol’ xviij. die Julii. Per
Hugonem de Nevill’
which translates into English as:
The king etc. to G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, greeting. We command you
that you provide for Hamo the falconer from some escheat of ours, which
may remain to him in exchange to the value of his land of Alcester,
which we have restored to Peter son of Herbert; and cause him to have
it. Witnessed by W[illiam Longespée], earl of Salisbury, at Bristol, the
18th day of July. By Hugh de Neville.
- Curia Regis Rolls 5-7 JOHN pp6-7
(1926); Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p205
(ed. Hubert Hall, 1896); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p296 (1833); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p164b (1833); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp150-152
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); wikipedia
(High Sheriff of Gloucestershire)
- Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene vol 2
pp134-136 (ed. William Stubbs, 1869); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp150-152
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
- Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p3 (1833); Curia Regis Rolls 5-7 JOHN pp6-7
(1926); Early Yorkshire Charters vol 1 pp40-41
(William Farrer, 1914); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (HERBERT FitzHerbert)
Matthew FitzHerbert
Herbert
FitzHerbert
Lucy de Hereford
Joan Patric before June 1200
Joan was the daughter of Mabel Patric and the heir and probable niece of
William de Mandeville
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/30, 15 HENRY III (28 October 1230–27 October
1231)
1231.
13 Feb. Marlborough. …
117 For the wife of Matthew son of Herbert. Order to the
sheriff of Wiltshire to place in respite, until 15 days from Easter in the
fifteenth year, the demand he makes by summons of the Exchequer from Joan,
who was the wife of Matthew son of Herbert, who is dead, for the debts
that Matthew owed the king, and to cause her livestock taken for this
reason to be replevied to her in the meantime.
…
21 Feb. Marlborough. …
122 For Herbert son of Matthew. Joan, who was the wife of
Matthew son of Herbert, has divested herself before the king of all lands
which Matthew and she held from the king in chief of her inheritance and,
upon her demise, the king took the homage of Herbert, son and heir of
Matthew and Joan for all aforesaid lands that they held from the king in
chief of Joan’s inheritance. Order to the sheriff of Wiltshire to cause
Herbert to have full seisin of the same lands, having accepted security
from him for rendering his relief to the king.
123 For Herbert son of Matthew. It
is written in the same manner to the sheriff of Devon.
The Complete Peerage vol 5 p442n (George
Edward Cokayne, 1926)
(c)
… Herbert was Seneschal of Gascony in 1242-43: he married Milicent, da.
and coh. of William Paynel, of Bampton Devon, and died s.p.
3 or 5 Feb. 1244/5 (“Mo CCXLV Interfectus est
dominus Herebertus filius Mathei prope Margan in die beate Agathe
Virginis”—Misc. Books, K.R., vol. i, p. 33: “in crastino
Purificacionis”—M. Paris, vol. iv, p. 408: writ de terris capiendis
in manum Regis, 12 Feb. 29 Hen. III—Fine Roll, m. 13). He
did homage and had livery of the lands of which his mother, Joan, had
divested herself, 21 Feb. 1230/1 (Fine Roll, 15 Hen. III, m. 6),
and was s. and h. of Matthew fitz Herbert, of Stokenham (yr. br. of
Piers fitz Herbert, of Blaen Llyfni and Bwlch y Dinas—Patent Roll,
2 Hen. III, m. 7), who died shortly before 13 Feb. 1230/1 (Fine Roll,
ibid.), by Joan Patric (R.O. Transcripts, ii, no. 140B,
vol. ii, Charters of Montebourg, no. 84). This Joan (who was
married to Matthew before June 1200) was da. and h. of Mabel Patric (Curia
Regis, roll no. 16, m. 21), and eventually heir (and probably
niece) of William de Mandeville. In 9 Ric. I, William owed 10 marks for
having seizin of the land of Stoke, que fuit Rogeri de Magnivill’
fratris sui cujus heres est (Pipe Roll, Wiltshire), and
left a da., who was given in marriage in 2 Joh. to Thierry le Tyeis, but
died soon afterwards, s.p. On 17 June 1202 Matthew fitz Herbert
had made a fine with King John in 300 marks for having the land of
Ollonde in the Côtentin, late of William de Mandeville, which Thierry le
Tyeis had held, but on 31 Jan. 1234/5 this fine was remitted, because
Matthew had not the land, ut dicitur (Norman Roll, 4
Joh., mm. 10, 11 d: Fine Rolls, 2 Joh., m. 19; 19 Hen. III, m.
13).
- Herbert Fitz-Matthew ( ? - 1244/5)
- Peter Fitz-Matthew (? - 1255)
- John Fitz-Matthew
Baron
Matthew was one of the barons to king John who signed the Magna
Carta. He was also sheriff of Sussex (appointed 1215, still documented
in 1223) and a royal judge (1227)
Matthew was a prominent Anglo-Norman baron, military commander, and
administrator whose career bridged the reigns of king John and Henry III.
Serving as Sheriff of Sussex and keeper of key coastal fortresses like
Pevensey and Chichester during the First Barons' War, Matthew remained a
steadfast royalist during the First
Barons' War of 1215–1217. In August 1216, as royal authority wavered,
king John rewarded his loyalty with confiscated rebel lands in
Gloucestershire. Following the death of king John, Matthew transitioned
seamlessly into the service of the Regency Council under William Marshal and
Hubert de Burgh, maintaining his shrieval authority in Sussex and helping
stabilize the southern coastline following the Treaty of Kingston in
September 1217. In the post-war era, Matthew’s role evolved from frontline
military governance to high-level judicial and administrative service. In
late 1217 and 1218, he headed local commissions to restore order and
prosecute crimes committed during the war, and by November 1218 he was
appointed a senior Justice in Eyre for the southern circuit covering
Wiltshire, Hampshire, Berkshire, and Oxfordshire. Beyond his judicial
duties, Matthew actively participated in council politics, acting alongside
his brother Peter fitz Herbert as a mainpernor for the release of the
hostages of the House of Braose, and served as a naval commissioner. During
the crisis of 1224 Matthew was dispatched to mobilize warships and supply
craft to defend Guernsey and the Channel Islands.
A brachetum was a scent-hound used in royal hunting. King John was
notorious for impounding or confiscating favored animals, falcons, or land
from his courtiers and exacting whimsical or edible fines to return them.
That Matthew would offer 100 capons
specifically to recover a single hunting dog underscores both the high
personal value placed on trained hunting hounds among Anglo-Norman magnates
and Matthew's direct access to King John's immediate entourage.
Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi
asservati John 1199-1216 p275 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1200.
Math’ fit Herᵬ dat centum capones reddendas infra capud xlme.
ut dominus Rex ei reddat brachetum suum.
which translates into English as:
1200.
Matthew son of Herbert gives one hundred capons, to be rendered
within the beginning of Lent, so that the lord King may return to him
his scent-hound.
In 1205 Matthew received two manors (Wolverton and Fimsbury) that had been
forfeited by continental Anglo-Norman cross-Channel barons who remained
loyal to France following England's loss of Normandy the previous year.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p17b (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1205.
REX etc. Vicecomiti Sumerset’ etc. Scias quod
dedimus Matheo filio Herberti xl. libratas terre, de terris
Normannorum. Et ideo tibi precipimus quod sine dilatione assignes xl.
libratas terre in manerio de Wusfrinton’ quod fuit Gileberti de Aquila
et in Finemesdon’ quod fuit Hasculli de Suli in bailliva tua, facta
prius inde extensione, secundum quod plus possunt extendi, et si plus
ibi fuerit quam xl. libre, id teneas in manu nostra et id nobis scire
facias. Si vero minus ibi fuerit nobis scire facias quantum inde
defuerit. Teste me ipso apud Windeleshor’ xv. die Januarii.Hereberti;
et eam illi habere faciatis. Teste W. Comite Sarisberiae apud Bristol’
xviij. die Julii. Per Hugonem de Nevill’
which translates into English as:
1205.
The King etc. to the Sheriff of Somerset etc. Know that we have
given to Matthew son of Herbert 40 land-pounds [lands worth £40 per
annum], from the lands of the Normans. And therefore we command you that
without delay you assign 40 land-pounds in the manor of Wolverton which
belonged to Gilbert de l’Aigle and in Fimsbury which belonged to Hasculf
de Suligny in your bailiwick, an extent [valuation] having first been
made thereof according to how high they can be valued; and if there be
more there than £40, hold that in our hand and make it known to us. If
however there be less there, make it known to us how much is lacking
thereof. Witnessed by myself at Windsor, on the 15th day of January.
p48
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1205.
Math’ filius Herberti habet quietanciam de scutagio suo de
Kinemesdon’, scilicet, de ix. solidis, et mandatum est Vicecomiti
Sumerset’ quod eum inde quietum esse faciat.
which translates into English as:
1205.
Matthew son of Herbert has quitclaim [acquittance] from his
scutage for Kilmersdon, namely, of 9 shillings, and it is commanded to
the Sheriff of Somerset that he cause him to be quit thereof.
In 1210-1212, Matthew is recorded in possession of one knight’s fee at Stoke
in Wiltshire, and in the Honour of Gloucester in the county of Devonshire.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 2 p483 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1210-12. … WILTESCIRA … Mathæus filius
Herberti, Stoke per j feodum.
p559
A.D.
1210-12. … DEVONESIRA
HONOR GLOUCESTRIÆ IN HOC COMITATU.
… Mathæus filius Hereberti, j militem.
Matthew was a keeper of the port of London, and received orders from the
king in 1212 and 1213 as England prepared to defend an expected invasion
from France.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p127b (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1212.
REX Mathio filio Herberti etc. Mandamus vobis
quod statim visis litteris istis arestari faciatis in singulis
portubus baillive vestre omnes naves tam illas que sunt de portubus
illis quam alias undecumque fuerint, et eas promptas esse faciatis ad
eundum in servicium nostrum quando preceperimus, vos autem in partibus
marinis moram faciatis his et aliis agendis nostris diligenter
intendentes donec aliud inde vobis mandaverimus. Eodem modo scribitur
Roberto filio Rogeri, Comiti Albrico, W. Comiti Sarum, Baillivis
Portuum Dovr’, et v. Portuum, W. de Wrotham, Roele Bloet, Hugoni de
Nevill’, W. de Albini, G. filio Reimfridi, B. de Insula. Teste G.
filio Petri Comite Essex’ apud Westmonasterium, xv. die Novembris.
Coram Baronibus de Scaccario.
which translates into English as:
1212.
The King to Matthew son of Herbert etc. We command you that
immediately upon seeing these letters you cause to be arrested
[embargoed] in every port of your bailiwick all ships, as well those
which belong to those ports as others from wherever they may be, and
cause them to be ready to go into our service when we shall command, and
that you make your abode in the maritime parts, diligently attending to
these and our other affairs until we shall give you other orders. In the
same manner it is written to Robert son of Roger, Earl Aubrey, W[illiam]
Earl of Salisbury, the Bailiffs of the Ports of Dover, and of the Cinque
Ports, W[illiam] de Wrotham, Roland Bloet, Hugh de Neville, W[illiam]
d'Aubigny, G[ilbert] fitz Reinfred, B[rian] de Lisle. Witnessed by
G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, Earl of Essex, at Westminster, on the 15th day of
November. Before the Barons of the Exchequer.
p145
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1213.
Rex Baillivis Portuum de Suthanť etc. Mandamus vobis quod
arestari faciatis omnes mercatores qui inventi fuerint in Baillivis
vestris de Sancto Audemaro vel de Duay vel de terra Ducis Lovannii cum
omnibus rebus et mercandisis suis, donec aliud inde vobis precepimus,
et nobis scire faciatis quos arestavistis, et que catalla cum eis.
Mercatores autem de Gaunt et de Ipr’ et de Burdeg’ mercandisas suas
sine inpedimento facere permittatis. Teste me ipso apud Gillingham, x.
die Julii.
Eodem modo scribitur Mathio filio Herberti et Roelando Bloet,
Custodibus portuum Londoniarum …
which translates into English as:
1213.
The King to the Bailiffs of the Ports of Southampton etc. We
command you that you cause to be arrested all merchants who shall be
found in your bailiwicks from Saint-Omer or from Douai or from the land
of the Duke of Louvain with all their goods and merchandise, until we
shall give you other orders, and make known to us whom you have
arrested, and what chattels are with them. Merchants, however, of Ghent
and of Ypres and of Bordeaux you shall permit to carry on their
merchandise without impediment. Witnessed by myself at Gillingham, on
the 10th day of July.
In the same manner it is written to Matthew son of Herbert and
Roland Bloet, Keepers of the ports of London
Following king John's submission to the pope in May 1213, the pope's choice
for Archbishop of Canterbury, Stephen
Langton, returned to England and Matthew was chosen as part of the
elite delegation to meet him.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p164 (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1213.
VENERABILIBUS in Christo patribus S. Dei gratia
Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo tocius Anglie primati et Sancte Romane
ecclesie Cardinali et omnibus suffraganeis suis Episcopis cum eo
existentibus J. eadem gratia Rex Anglie etc. Mandamus vobis quod bene
veniatis in Angliam scientes quod jamdiu vos expectavimus, et adventum
vestrum desideravimus, unde in occursum vestrum mittimus fideles
nostros dominum H. Dublinensem Archiepiscopum, J. Norwycensem
Episcopum, W. Comitem Arundell’, Mathium filium Herberti, W.
Archidiaconum Huntingdon’ rogantes quatinus ad nos venire festinetis
sicut predicti fideles nostri vobis dicent. Teste me ipso apud Stokes
Episcopi, j. die Julii.
which translates into English as:
1212.
To the venerable fathers in Christ, S[tephen], by the grace of
God Archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England, and Cardinal of
the Holy Roman church, and to all his suffragan Bishops being with him,
J[ohn], by the same grace King of England etc. We bid you welcome to
England, knowing that for a long time we have expected you, and have
desired your arrival; wherefore we send to meet you our faithful
subjects, the lord H[enry], Archbishop of Dublin, J[ohn], Bishop of
Norwich, W[illiam], Earl of Arundel, Matthew son of Herbert, [and]
W[illiam], Archdeacon of Huntingdon, requesting that you hasten to come
to us as our aforesaid faithful subjects shall tell you. Witnessed by
myself at Bishop’s Stoke, on the 1st day of July.
Here Matthew acts as the king's trusted jailer, holding a high-status
prisoner in his personal custody.
Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi
asservati John 1199-1216 p479 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1213.
Ibidem
[Hybernia]. Willielmus de Cusac dat centum marcas pro
liberatione sua et pro habendo maritagio uxoris sue, et inveniet
salvos plegios de fideli servitio suo in Anglia, et totum finem domino
Regi reddet antequam liberetur; quia mandatum est Matheo filio
Hereberti qui eum habet in custodia quod, ex quo barones de scaccario
ei mandaverint quod securitatem [ceperint] de fine illo domino Regi
reddendo, tunc ipsum Willielmum liberet accepta ab eo securitate de
fideli servitio suo.
which translates into English as:
1213 [24 July].
In the same
place [Ireland]. William de Cusack gives 100 marks for his release
and for having the marriage portion of his wife, and he shall find safe
pledges [sureties] for his faithful service in England, and he shall
render the whole fine to the lord King before he is released; for order
is given to Matthew son of Herbert, who has him in custody, that as soon
as the barons of the exchequer shall inform him that they have taken
security for rendering that fine to the lord King, then he shall release
the same William, having accepted from him security for his faithful
service.
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p102b (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1213.
REX Matheo fitz Hereberti etc. Sciatis quod
Willielmus de Cusac finem fecit nobiscum per centum marcas pro
liberatione sua et pro habendo maritagium uxoris sue. Et ideo vobis
mandamus quod cum Barones nostri de Scaccario vobis mandaverint quod
predictas centum marcas receperint: tunc de predicto Willielmo salvos
plegios capiatis de fideli servitio suo et corpus suum liberetis. Et
in hujus rei testimonium has litteras nostras patentes vobis inde
mittimus. Teste me ipso apud Binedon’, xxvj. die Julii, anno regni
nostri xvo.
which translates into English as:
1213.
The King to Matthew son of Herbert etc. Know ye that William de
Cusack made fine with us for 100 marks for his release and for having
the marriage portion of his wife. And therefore we command you that when
our Barons of the Exchequer shall inform you that they have received the
foresaid 100 marks: then you shall take safe pledges from the foresaid
William for his faithful service and release his body. And in testimony
of this matter we send to you these our letters patent thereof.
Witnessed by myself at Bindon, on the 26th day of July, in the 15th year
of our reign.
This writ was issued on 18 May 1215, just one day after baronial rebels
captured London and less than a month before the sealing of Magna Carta at
Runnymede on 15 June. The mandate underscores Matthew’s role as one of king
John’s most trusted military lieutenants, tasked with maintaining crown
authority and preventing baronial incursions across the South East.
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p137 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1215.
REX probis hominibus Cycestr’ salutem. Mittimus
ad vos dilectum et fidelem nostrum Mathium fitz H’berti mandantes
quatinus ei in hiis que ad fidem et honorem nostrum pertinent sitis
intendentes et respondentes, et de villa vestra bene munienda,
custodienda, et firmanda ita viriliter et diligenter vos intromittatis
quod fidem vestram et diligenciam merito debeamus commendare. Et in
hujus etc. vobis mittimus. Apud Frigidum Mantellum, xviij. die Maii,
anno regni nostri xvjmo.
which translates into English as:
1215.
The King to the good men of Chichester greeting. We are sending
to you our beloved and faithful Matthew son of Herbert, commanding that
in those matters which pertain to our faith and honor you be attentive
and responsive to him, and that you concern yourselves so manfully and
diligently with well fortifying, guarding, and securing your town, that
we ought deservedly to commend your faith and diligence. And in
[witness] of this etc. we send to you. At Freemantle, on the 18th day of
May, in the 16th year of our reign.
Clause 49 and related provisions of Magna Carta required king John to
restore hostages and release political prisoners held to guarantee loyalty.
The day after the signing, Matthew was ordered to release one of those
prisoners, William de Cusack.
Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi
asservati John 1199-1216 p551 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1215.
Ib’nia.
Willielmus de Cusak finem fecit cum domino Rege per centum marcas ut
liberetur a prisona sua, et de illis centum marcas domino Regi
reddendis ipsum fecit securum, et de fideli servicio suo plegios
invenit; et mandatum est Matheo filio Herberti quod ipsum Willielmum
sine dilacione liberet, et quietum abire faciat.
which translates into English as:
1215 [16 June].
Ireland.
William de Cusack made fine with the lord King for 100 marks that he
might be released from his prison, and he has made the same lord King
secure for rendering those 100 marks, and he has found pledges
[sureties] for his faithful service; and order is given to Matthew son
of Herbert that he release the same William without delay, and cause him
to go quit.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p214b (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1215.
Mandatum est Johanni de Turri Constabulario M’leb’ge quod
habere faciat Mathio filio Herberti averia sua et hominum suorum que
capta sunt in manerio suo de Stok’. ¶ Apud Windlesoram, xvj. die
Junii.
which translates into English as:
1215.
It is commanded to John de Tower, Constable of Marlborough, that
he cause Matthew son of Herbert to have his livestock and those of his
men which were seized in his manor of Stoke. ¶ At Windsor, on the 16th
day of June
Matthew was appointed as sheriff and bailiff of Sussex on 25 June 1215.
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p145 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1215.
REX omnibus de comitatu Sussex’ salutem. Sciatis
nos commisisse dilecto et fideli nostro Mathio fitz Herberti comitatum
Sussex’ custodiendum quamdiu nobis placuerit. Et ideo vobis mandamus
quod ei inde tanquam Vicecomiti vestro et baillivo nostro in omnibus
sitis intendentes et respondentes. Et in hujus etc. vobis mittimus.
Teste ut supra [me ipso apud Windlesores, xxv. die Junii], eodem anno
[regni nostri xvijmo.
which translates into English as:
1215.
The King to all of the county of Sussex greeting. Know ye that we
have committed to our beloved and faithful Matthew son of Herbert the
county of Sussex to be kept for as long as it shall please us. And
therefore we command you that in all things you be attentive and
responsive to him therein as your Sheriff and our bailiff. And in
[witness] of this matter etc. we send to you. Witnessed as above [myself
at Windsor, on the 25th day of June], in the same year [the 17th year of
our reign].
By April 1216, the baron's rebellion was underway and king John tried to
keep Matthew's loyalty by returning his previously dispossesed land.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p264b (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1216.
Mandatum est Vicecomiti Devon’ quod habere faciat Mathio filio
Herberti maneria sua de Hunteber’ et Cumb’ unde idem Vicecomes ipsum
dissaisivit ut dicitur, et quod ipsum manuteneat et protegat etc. ¶
Apud Geldeford’, xx. die Aprilis.
which translates into English as:
1216.
It is commanded to the Sheriff of Devon that he cause Matthew son
of Herbert to have his manors of Houndtor and Combe, whereof the same
Sheriff disseised [dispossessed] him, as it is said, and that he
maintain and protect him etc. ¶ At Guildford, on the 20th day of April.
Prince Louis of France landed at Stonor in Kent on 21 May 1216 to claim the
English throne at the invitation of the rebel barons. Five days later, on 26
May 1216, king John was retreating through Sussex (stopping at Bramber
Castle where this writ was issued). Facing the collapse of royal control in
eastern Sussex, John ordered Matthew to take emergency control of Pevensey
Castle to shore up its defences.
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p184 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1216.
REX Mathio fitz Herberti etc. Mandamus vobis
quod recipiatis de dilecto et fideli nostro W. Comite Warenne castrum
de Pontoiseé cui injunximus ut ipsum vobis liberet, et sicut nos
diligitis, illud sine dilacione muniri faciatis. Et in hujus etc.
vobis mittimus. Teste me ipso apud Brembr’, xxvj. die Maii, anno regni
nostri xviijo.
which translates into English as:
1216.
The King to Matthew son of Herbert etc. We command you that you
receive from our beloved and faithful W[illiam], Earl Warenne, the
castle of Pevensey, which we have enjoined upon him to deliver to you,
and as you love us, you cause it to be fortified without delay. And in
[witness] of this etc. we send to you. Witnessed by myself at Bramber,
on the 26th day of May, in the 18th year of our reign.
Months later, king John rewarded Matthew's loyalty with a grant of forfeited
rebel lands in Gloucestershire.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p283 (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1216.
Mandatum est Vicecomiti Gloucestrie quod faciat habere Mathio
filio Herberti quamdiu domino Regi placuerit terram que fuit Willelmi
de Ponte Arche qui est cum inimicis domini Regis, quam dominus Rex ei
concessit. Teste me ipso apud Bristollum, xx. die Augusti.
which translates into English as:
1216.
It is commanded to the Sheriff of Gloucestershire that he cause
Matthew son of Herbert to have, for as long as it shall please the lord
King, the land which belonged to William de Pont de l'Arche, who is with
the enemies of the lord King, which the lord King has granted to him.
Witnessed by myself at Bristol, on the 20th day of August.
In September 1217, king Henry III re-confirmed Matthew's appointment,
originally made by his father, as sheriff of Sussex.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1216-1225
p92 (1901)
1217.
Rex archiepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus, comitibus, baronibus,
militibus, libere tenentibus et aliis de comitatu Susexie, salutem.
Sciatis quod commisimus dilecto et fideli nostro Matheo, filio
Hereberti, comitatum Susexie, cum omnibus pertinenciis suis,
custodiendum quamdiu nobis placuerit. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod
eidem Matheo, tanquam vicecomiti nostro et ballivo nostro, in omnibus
sitis intendentes et respondentes. Et in hujus rei etc. Teste ipso
comite, apud Kingston, xv die Septembris, anno regni nostri primo.
This roughly translates as:
1217.
The King to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons,
knights, free tenants, and others of the county of Sussex, greeting.
Know ye that we have committed to our beloved and faithful Matthew, son
of Herbert, the county of Sussex, with all its appurtenances, to be kept
for as long as it shall please us. And therefore we command you that in
all things you be attentive and responsive to the same Matthew, as our
sheriff and our bailiff. And in [witness] of this matter etc. Witnessed
by the Earl himself [William Marshal], at Kingston, on the 15th day of
September, in the first year of our reign.
Matthew was also appointed as a senior judicial commissioner in the county
of Southhampton in April 1218.
In September 1217, king Henry III re-confirmed Matthew's appointment,
originally made by his father, as sheriff of Sussex.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1216-1225
p147 (1901)
1218.
De justiciariis constitutis.—Rex Matheo filio Hereberti, Rogero
de Scures, Waltero de Rumeseia, et Ade de Porteseia, salutem. Sciatis
quod constituimus vos justiciarios nostros, ad inquirendum in comitatu
Suhamptonie, qui fuerint malefactores et violatores pacis nostre, ut
in murdris, furtis et robberiis, post pacem factam inter nos et
dominum Ludovicum; et ad justiciam de malefactoribus et violatoribus,
secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie, faciendam. Et
ideo vobis mandamus quod ad diem et locum competentem conveniatis, et
omnia predicta diligenter inquiratis, et, facta diligenti
inquisicione, faciatis quod secundum consuetudinem et legem regni
nostri Anglie fuerit faciendum. Et sciatis quod mandavimus vicecomiti
Suhamptonie quod ad diem et locum, quem vos per litteras vestras
significabitis, convenire faciat comitatum Suhamptonie ad
inquisicionem illam et justiciam super hujusmodi faciendam. Et in
hujus rei etc. Teste ut supra [comite, apud Wintoniam, xj die Aprilis,
anno regni nostri secundo].
This roughly translates as:
1218.
Concerning
justices appointed.—The King to Matthew son of Herbert, Roger de
Scures, Walter of Romsey, and Adam of Portsea, greeting. Know ye that we
have appointed you our justices, to inquire in the county of
Southampton, who have been wrongdoers and violators of our peace, as in
murders, thefts, and robberies, after the peace made between us and the
lord Louis; and for doing justice upon the wrongdoers and violators,
according to the law and custom of our kingdom of England. And therefore
we command you that you convene at a suitable day and place, and
diligently inquire into all the foresaid matters, and, having made a
diligent inquiry, you do what according to the custom and law of our
kingdom of England ought to be done. And know ye that we have commanded
the sheriff of Southampton that at the day and place which you shall
signify to him by your letters, he cause the county court of Southampton
to assemble for the making of that inquiry and justice upon such
matters. And in [witness] of this matter etc. Witnessed as above [by the
Earl [William Marshal], at Winchester, on the 11th day of April, in the
second year of our reign].
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p363 (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1218.
De manerio de Chedelinton’.
Mandatum est Vicecomiti Devon’ quod faciat habere Mathio filio
Herberti unum mecatum singulis ebdomadis die Mercurii in manerio de
Chedelinton’, ita quod mecatum illud non sit ad nocumentum vicinorum
mecatorum. Teste Comite apud Turrim Londoniarum, xxj. die Junii.
which translates into English as:
1218.
Concerning the manor of Chillington.
It is commanded to the Sheriff of Devon that he cause Matthew son of
Herbert to have one market every week on Wednesday in his manor of
Chillington, so that that market be not to the nuisance [detriment] of
neighboring markets. Witnessed by the Earl [Regent, William Marshal] at
the Tower of London, on the 21st day of June.
p368
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1218.
De mercato de Chidelametuñ.
Mandatum est Vicecomiti Devon’ quod faciat habere Mathio filio
Herberti unum mercatum singulis septimanis per diem Jovis apud
manerium suum de Chidelametuñ. Nisi mercatum illud etc. Teste Comite
apud Hamsted’, xx. die Augusti.
which translates into English as:
1218.
Concerning the market of Chulmleigh.
It is commanded to the Sheriff of Devon that he cause Matthew son of
Herbert to have one market every week on Thursday at his manor of
Chulmleigh. Unless that market [be to the nuisance of neighboring
markets, etc.] Witnessed by the Earl [Regent, William Marshal] at
Hampstead, on the 20th day of August.
In November 1218, as part of the nationwide revival of the General Eyre (the
supreme judicial circuit) for the first time following the disruption of the
First Barons' War, Matthew was appointed a senior Justice in Eyre for the
counties of Wiltshire, Southampton, Berkshire and Oxfordshire.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1216-1225
pp206-207 (1901)
1218.
BREVIA DE JUSTICIARIIS ITINERANTIBUS.
Rex vicecomitibus Eboraci et Northumberlande, salutem. Sciatis
quod constituimus venerabilem patrem nostrum R. Dunelmensem episcopum
et dilectos et fideles nostros Robertum de Veteri Ponte et Martinum de
Pateshull, Willelmum filium Ricardi, et Rogerum Huscarl, justiciarios
nostros itinerantes per comitatus vestros. Et ideo vobis mandamus
quatinus eis ut justiciariis nostris sitis intendentes et ad diem et
locum, quem vobis scire facient, comitatus vestros secundum quod vobis
mandaverint venire faciatis. Et in hujus etc. has litteras nostras
patentes sigillo nostro sigillatas vobis mittimus. Teste W.
Marescallo, comite Penbrochie, apud Westmonasterium, iiij die
Novembris, anno regni nostri tercio, coram domino S. Cantuariensi
archiepiscopo et dominis Wintoniensi, Dunelmensi episcopis. Et
liberate fuerunt littere iste Martino de Pateshull cum capitulis et
forma sacramenti. Et est primus locus apud Eboracum, a die Sancti
Martini in xv dies.
… Eodem modo scribitur vicecomitibus Wiltesire, Suhamtonie,
Berksire, et Oxonie, de justiciariis subscriptis:
R. Sarrisburiensi episcopo, Matheo filio Hereberti, Radulfo
Hareng, Waltero Foliot, Jacobo de Poterna, Waltero de Ripariis,
Mauricio de Turevill, Johanne de Wigenholt, clerico.
Et liberate fuerunt iste littere predicto Radulfo Hareng cum
capitulis et forma sacramenti, and est primus locus apud Oxoniam,
eadem die.
This roughly translates as:
1218.
WRITS CONCERNING JUSTICES IN EYRE [ITINERANT JUSTICES].
The King to the sheriffs of Yorkshire and Northumberland,
greeting. Know ye that we have appointed our venerable father R[ichard
Marsh], bishop of Durham, and our beloved and faithful Robert de
Vieuxpont, Martin de Pattishall, William fitz Richard, and Roger
Huscarl, as our justices in eyre through your counties. And therefore we
command you that you be attentive to them as our justices, and cause
your county courts to assemble at the day and place which they shall
make known to you, according to what they shall command you. And in
[witness] of this etc. we send to you these our letters patent sealed
with our seal. Witnessed by W[illiam] Marshal, earl of Pembroke, at
Westminster, on the 4th day of November, in the third year of our reign,
before the lord S[tephen Langton], archbishop of Canterbury, and the
lords bishops of Winchester and Durham. And these letters were delivered
to Martin de Pattishall with the articles and form of the oath. And the
first location is at York, 15 days from Saint Martin's Day.
… In the same manner it is written to the sheriffs of Wiltshire,
Hampshire, Berkshire, and Oxfordshire, concerning the justices written
below:
R[emund], bishop of Salisbury; Matthew son of Herbert; Ralph
Hareng; Walter Foliot; James de Poterna; Walter de Rivers; Maurice de
Turville; John de Wigenholt, clerk.
And these letters were delivered to the foresaid Ralph Hareng
with the articles and form of the oath, and the first location is at
Oxford, on the same day.
Bracton's Note book vol 2 p50 (ed.
Frederick W. Maitland, 1887)
54.
Robertus filius Briani, Oliuerus Auenel, Gaufridus Talebot et Adam de
Dornapetona iiij. milites de comitatu Suthantonie missi ad Reginaldum
de Albemarla qui se essoniauit de malo lecti uersus Matheum filium
Hereberti et Johannam uxorem eius de placito terre unde idem Matheus
et Johannes2 dicunt quod ipse Reginaldus fecit defaltam eo
quod non uenit ad diem sibi datum per eosdem milites, ueniunt et
dicunt quod ipsi Adam et Robertus fuerunt ad eundem Reginaldum die
Merc. prox. ante fest. Nat. S. Joh. Babt. et dederunt ei diem a die
Jouis scil. a crastino in xv. dies apud Westmonasterium et alii duo
uenerunt ad eum eadem die Jouis et dederunt ei eundem diem, et quesiti
quod warantum inde habuerunt dicunt quod uicecomes eis precepit set
nullum habuerunt breue nec uicecomes aliquem diem nominauit et ideo
sunt in misericordia.
Et Reginaldus dicit super hoc quod uidetur ei quod Matheus
fecit defaltam quia milites dederunt ei diem ad quem ipse uenit et
Matheus non uenit nec se essoniauit et petit hoc sibi allocari.
2 It should be Johanna, and is so in B.
This roughly translates as:
54.
Robert fitz Brian, Oliver Avenel, Geoffrey Talbot, and Adam de
Dornapeton, four knights of Southamptonshire, sent to Reginald de
Albemarle, who had excused himself on grounds of bed-sickness against
Matthew fitz Herbert and Joan his wife concerning a land plea, wherein
Matthew and Joan claim that Reginald defaulted because he failed to
appear on the day appointed by those knights, come and say that Adam and
Robert visited Reginald on the Wednesday next before the Feast of the
Nativity of St. John the Baptist [19 June 1219] and appointed him a day
[to appear], namely fifteen days from Thursday [4 July 1219] at
Westminster; and the other two knights visited him on that same Thursday
and appointed him the same day. When asked what warrant they had for
this, they say the sheriff instructed them, but they had no writ, nor
had the sheriff specified any particular day; therefore, they [the four
knights] are at mercy.
And Reginald says regarding this that it seems to him Matthew
made default, because the knights appointed him a day on which he
himself appeared, whereas Matthew neither appeared nor excused himself,
and he asks that this be allowed in his favor.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p423 (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1220.
De maeremio.
Rex Philippo de Albinaco salutem. Mandamus vobis quod habere faciatis
dilecto et fideli nostro Mathio filio Herberti x. quercus in foresta
nostra de Chipeham, ad minus nocumentum ejusdem foreste nostre quas ei
dedimus ad domos suas de Stokes reedificandas. Teste Huberto etc. ut
supra [apud Cantuariam, viij. die Julii]. Per eosdem.
which translates into English as:
1220.
Concerning timber.
The King to Philip d'Aubigny, greeting. We command you that you cause
our beloved and faithful Matthew son of Herbert to have 10 oaks in our
forest of Chippenham, to the least harm of our same forest, which we
have given to him to rebuild his houses at Stoke. Witnessed by Hubert
[de Burgh], etc. as above [at Canterbury, on the 8th day of July]. By
the same [warrant].
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/16, 6 HENRY III (28 October 1221–27 October
1222)
1222.
18 March. Herriard, Hampshire.
134 Order to the sheriff of Hampshire to place in respite the demand
he makes from Matthew son of Herbert by summons of the Exchequer, until
upon his next account of Easter term in the sixth year. Witness H. etc. By
the same.
This entry in the Close Rolls names Matthew as the sheriff of Sussex.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p557 (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1223.
Rex Mathio filio Herberti Vicecomiti Sussex’ et Baillivis de
Broyle Cicestr’ salutem. Precipimus tibi quod sicut te ipsum et
honorem nostrum diligis sine dilacione fieri facias in Bailliva de
Broyle Cicestr’ quadringentas cleias ad naves de longitudine vij.
pedum, et latitudine v. pedum, de branchura et esmundura quercuum et
subbosco, procurans cum omni sollicitudine quod sic fiant sine
destructione foreste nostre et quod omnia predicta cedant in
operacionem predictam et commodum nostrum per visum tuum et
Baillivorum predictorum de Broyle, et cleias predictas cum parate
fuerint sub omni festinacione cariari facias usque Porecestr’, et
custum quod ad hoc posueris per visum et testimonium legalium hominum
computabitur tibi ad scaccarium. Teste ut supra [Huberto etc. apud
Lambehithe, primo die Augusti, anno regni nostri vijo].
which translates into English as:
1223.
The King to Matthew son of Herbert, Sheriff of Sussex, and to the
Bailiffs of the Broyle of Chichester, greeting. We command you that, as
you love yourself and our honor, you cause to be made without delay in
the bailiwick of the Broyle of Chichester 400 hurdles for ships, of a
length of 7 feet and a breadth of 5 feet, from the loppings and prunings
of oak trees and from underwood, taking care with all diligence that
they be so made without destruction of our forest, and that all the
aforesaid turn to the aforesaid work and to our benefit by your view and
that of the aforesaid bailiffs of the Broyle; and when the aforesaid
hurdles are ready, you cause them to be carried with all speed as far as
Porchester; and the cost which you shall lay out for this, by the view
and testimony of lawful men, shall be allowed to you at the exchequer.
Witnessed as above [Hubert [de Burgh], etc. at Lambeth, on the 1st day
of August, in the 7th year of our reign].
In 1224, after Louis VIII of France had laid seige to the port of La
Rochelle, Matthew was tasked with preparing ships to be sent to the defence
of Guernsey, and organizing coastal defense forces at the Cinque Ports
(Hastings, New Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich).
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1216-1225
pp206-207 (1901)
1224.
De navibus preparandis. Rex eisdem [baronibus de V
Portubus], salutem. Mittimus ad vos Matheum filium Hereberti, ad
loquendum et tractandum vobiscum de duabus navibus magnis et bonis, et
x batellis et x sorneckis, bene paratis, mittendis ad insulas de
Gerese, ad eas salvo custodiendas et defendendas; et rogamus quatinus
preces nostras facere velitis secundum quod idem Matheus vobis dicet
ex parte nostra ad fidem, commodum et honorem nostrum, et secundum
litteras nostras patentes quas vobis per ipsum mittimus. Teste ut
supra [ipso rege, apud Bedeford, xviij die Julii, anno regni nostri
viij, coram justiciario et Bathoniensi et Sarresburiensi episcopis].
This roughly translates as:
1224.
Concerning
the preparation of ships. The King to the same [barons of
the Cinque Ports], greeting. We are sending to you Matthew son of
Herbert, to speak and treat with you concerning two great and good
ships, and 10 bateaux [boats] and 10 sornecki [pinnaces/light supply
vessels], well prepared, to be sent to the islands of Guernsey, safely
to guard and defend them; and we request that you be willing to grant
our prayers according to what the same Matthew shall tell you on our
behalf for our faith, advantage, and honor, and according to our letters
patent which we send to you by him. Witnessed as above [by the king
himself, at Bedford, on the 18th day of July, in the 8th year of our
reign, before the Justiciar [Hubert de Burgh] and the bishops of Bath
[Jocelin of Wells] and Salisbury [Richard Poore]].
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p614 (1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1224.
Rex Vicecomiti Kancie salutem. Precipimus tibi quod habere
facias Thome de Blunvill’ xl. marcas ad providendum inde per ipsum
Thomam et Willelmum de Averench’ Mathie filio Herberti et Robertum de
Nereford’ indempnitati et tuicioni Quinque Portuum ab inpugnacione et
gravamine gentium transmarinarum si necesse fuerit, et computabitur
tibi ad scaccarium. Teste ut supra [me ipso [apud] Bedeford’, xxix.
die Julii], anno viijº. Coram Justiciario. Novembre.
which translates into English as:
1224.
The King to the Sheriff of Kent, greeting. We command you that
you cause Thomas de Blunville to have 40 marks to provide therefrom, by
the same Thomas and William d'Averenches, Matthew son of Herbert, and
Robert de Nereford, for the indemnity [security] and defense of the
Cinque Ports against attack and molestation by overseas people if it
shall be necessary; and it shall be reckoned to you at the exchequer.
Witnessed as above [myself at Bedford, on the 29th day of July], in the
8th year [of the reign of Henry III]. Before the Justiciar. November.
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/24, 10 HENRY III (28 October 1225–27 October
1226)
1226.
21 Aug. Hereford.
251 Concerning respite of a demand. Order to the sheriff of
Devon to place in respite the demand he makes from Matthew son of Herbert
by summons of the Exchequer for a fine that the men of his county made
with the king for having a sheriff from amongst themselves, until upon his
account at the Exchequer of Michaelmas in the tenth year.
This land dispute refers to St. Mary Church in Torbay, Devon, where Norman
ecclesiastical institutions held land rights that were frequently contested
by local barons during and after the disruption of king John's reign and the
loss of Normandy.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 p159
(1901)
1227.
Devonia.—Henricus de
Trascy, Hugo Peverel de Samford, Warinus filius Joeli et Jordanus
Oliveri assignati sunt etc. ad assisam nove dissaisine capiendam apud
Exoniam in crastino Sancti Petri ad Vincula, quam decanus et capitulum
Rothomagenses aramiaverunt versus Matheum filium Hereberti, Henricum
de Warthclive et Robertum filium Reginaldi, de tenemento in
Seyintmarce.
This roughly translates as:
Devon.—Henry
de Tracy, Hugh Peverel of Sampford, Warin fitz Joel, and Jordan Oliver
have been assigned etc. to take an assize of novel disseisin at Exeter
on the morrow of St. Peter ad Vincula [2 August], which the Dean and
Chapter of Rouen have brought against Matthew fitz Herbert, Henry de
Warthclive, and Robert fitz Reginald, concerning a tenement in St.
Mary Church.
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/27, 12 HENRY III (28 October 1227–27 October
1228)
1228.
26 May. Marwell.
188 Concerning respite of a demand. Order to the sheriff of
Wiltshire to place in respite the demand of 300 m. that he makes by
summons of the Exchequer from Matthew son of Herbert, until Michaelmas in
the twelfth year.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 p73
(1902)
1228.
Pro Matheo filio Hereberti.—Mandatum
est vicecomiti Devonie quod de terra quam mater Willelmi Paynel tenuit
in dotem in Hunespil’, Matheo filio Hereberti plenam saisinam habere
faciat. Teste ut supra [rege apud Merleb', vij die Augusti].
This roughly translates as:
For
Matthew son of Herbert.—Order is given to the Sheriff of Devon
that concerning the land which the mother of William Paynel held in
dower in Huntspill, he cause Matthew son of Herbert to have full seisin.
Witnessed as above [the king at Marlborough, on the 7th day of August].
p150
1229.
Pro Matheo filio Hereberti
de perdonatione.—Rex baronibus de Scaccario. Sciatis quod
perdonavimus Matheo filio Hereberti demandam quam ei faciatis de
proficuo comitatus Susex’, quod ab eo exigitis de tempore quo fuit
vicecomes Susex’. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod sic fieri et inrotulari
faciatis. Teste ut supra [rege apud Westmonasterium, vj die
Februarii].
This roughly translates as:
For
Matthew son of Herbert concerning a pardon.—The King to the barons
of the Exchequer. Know ye that we have pardoned Matthew son of Herbert
the demand which you make upon him for the profit (proficuum) of the
county of Sussex, which you exact from him for the time when he was
Sheriff of Sussex. And therefore we command you that you cause it to be
so done and enrolled. Witnessed as above [the king at Westminster, on
the 6th day of February].
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/29, 14 HENRY III (28 October 1229–27 October
1230)
1229.
[Nov. Yorkshire.]
19 For Matthew son of Herbert. The king has given respite to
Matthew son of Herbert, until Michaelmas in the fourteenth year, from the
demand of 300 m. that he makes from him by summons of the Exchequer for
the fine he made with King John etc. for having certain land in Normandy,
which he did not have, as he says. Order to the barons of the Exchequer to
permit him to have that respite.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 p264
(1902)
1229.
Pro Matheo filio Hereberti.—Mandatum
est Johanni de Monem’ quod habere faciat Matheo filio Hereberti x
damas in Nova Floresta regis, de dono regis. Teste ut supra [rege apud
Rading’, xv die Novembris].
…
Pro Matheo filio Hereberti.—Mandatum est senescalo P.
Wintoniensis episcopi quod pacem habere permittat Matheo filio
Hereberti de scutagio suo de feodis ij militum, que tenet de eodem
episcopo in Huntiton; scilicet, de scuto iij marcis pro exercitu regis
ad primam transfretationem suam; quod quidem scutagium rex ei dedit.
Teste ut supra [rege apud Rading’, xv die Novembris].
This roughly translates as:
For
Matthew son of Herbert.—Order is given to John de Monmouth that he
cause Matthew son of Herbert to have 10 fallow deer in the king's New
Forest, of the king's gift. Witnessed as above [the king at Reading, on
the 15th day of November].
…
For Matthew son of Herbert.—Order is given to the steward
of P[eter des Roches], bishop of Winchester, that he permit Matthew son
of Herbert to have peace concerning his scutage for the fees of 2
knights, which he holds of the same bishop in Houndston; namely, 3 marks
per shield for the king's army on his first crossing of the sea; which
scutage indeed the king gave to him. Witnessed as above [the king at
Reading, on the 15th day of November].
p271
1229.
De roboribus datis.—Mandatum
est constabulario Divisarum quod habere faciat Matheo filio Hereberti
iiij robora sicca et vetera in foresta de Melkesham, de dono regis.
Teste ut supra [rege apud Geytinten’, vij die Decembris].
This roughly translates as:
Concerning
oak trunks given.—Order is given to the constable of Devizes that
he cause Matthew son of Herbert to have 4 dry and old oak trunks [or
dead oaks] in the forest of Melksham, of the king's gift. Witnessed as
above [the king at Geddington, on the 7th day of December].
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/30, 15 HENRY III (28 October 1230–27 October
1231)
1231.
18 Jan. Woodstock. …
105 Concerning respite of a demand. Order to the sheriff of
Wiltshire to place in respite the demand of 300 m. that he makes from
Matthew son of Herbert by summons of the Exchequer, until the morrow of
the Purification in the fifteenth year.
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners
of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John Burke, 1838)
Matthew
Fitz-Herbert, sheriff of Sussex, in 1233, and being named one of the
barons to King JOHN signed Magna Charter in 1215.
He m. Eleanora, and had two sons,
Herbert Fitz-Matthew, killed by a great stone hurdled
down upon him by one of the Welch, having entered South Wales at the
head of his forces against Llewellin, Prince of Wales, buried at Margam
Abbey in Glamorganshire, leaving Peter his brother his heir.
Peter Fitz-Matthew.
The Complete Peerage vol 5 p442n (George
Edward Cokayne, 1926)
(c)
… Herbert was Seneschal of Gascony in 1242-43: he married Milicent,
da. and coh. of William Paynel, of Bampton Devon, and died s.p.
3 or 5 Feb. 1244/5 (“Mo CCXLV Interfectus
est dominus Herebertus filius Mathei prope Margan in die beate Agathe
Virginis”—Misc. Books, K.R., vol. i, p. 33: “in crastino
Purificacionis”—M. Paris, vol. iv, p. 408: writ de terris
capiendis in manum Regis, 12 Feb. 29 Hen. III—Fine Roll,
m. 13). He did homage and had livery of the lands of which his mother,
Joan, had divested herself, 21 Feb. 1230/1 (Fine Roll, 15 Hen.
III, m. 6), and was s. and h. of Matthew fitz Herbert, of Stokenham
(yr. br. of Piers fitz Herbert, of Blaen Llyfni and Bwlch y Dinas—Patent
Roll, 2 Hen. III, m. 7), who died shortly before 13 Feb. 1230/1
(Fine Roll, ibid.), by Joan Patric (R.O. Transcripts,
ii, no. 140B, vol. ii, Charters of Montebourg, no. 84). This
Joan (who was married to Matthew before June 1200) was da. and h. of
Mabel Patric (Curia Regis, roll no. 16, m. 21), and eventually
heir (and probably niece) of William de Mandeville. In 9 Ric. I,
William owed 10 marks for having seizin of the land of Stoke, que
fuit Rogeri de Magnivill’ fratris sui cujus heres est (Pipe
Roll, Wiltshire), and left a da., who was given in marriage in 2
Joh. to Thierry le Tyeis, but died soon afterwards, s.p. On 17
June 1202 Matthew fitz Herbert had made a fine with King John in 300
marks for having the land of Ollonde in the Côtentin, late of William
de Mandeville, which Thierry le Tyeis had held, but on 31 Jan. 1234/5
this fine was remitted, because Matthew had not the land, ut
dicitur (Norman Roll, 4 Joh., mm. 10, 11 d: Fine
Rolls, 2 Joh., m. 19; 19 Hen. III, m. 13).
shortly before 13 February 1230/1
Part of Matthew's estate is dealt with in this entry in the Close Rolls
dated 13 February 1230/1.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 p477
(1902)
1231.
Pro Hereberto filio Mathei.—Rex
commisit Hereberto filio Mathei ad se sustentandum in servicio regis
in partibus transmarinis quamdiu ibi fuerit per preceptum regis,
manerium de Warblington’ cum pertinentiis, quod Matheus filius
Hereberti, pater ipsius Hereberti, in vita sua tenuit de ballio J.
regis etc. in escambium terrarum quas perdiderat in Normannia. Et
mandatum est vicecomiti Suhamt’ quod de predicto manerio ipsi
Hereberto plenam saisinam habere faciat, sicut predictum est. Teste
rege apud Merleberge, xiii die Februarii.
This roughly translates as:
For
Herbert son of Matthew.—The king has committed to Herbert son of
Matthew, for maintaining himself in the king's service in parts beyond
the sea for as long as he shall be there by the king's command, the
manor of Warblington with its appurtenances, which Matthew son of
Herbert, father of the same Herbert, held in his lifetime by bailment of
King John etc., in exchange for lands which he had lost in Normandy. And
order is given to the sheriff of Southamptonshire that he cause the same
Herbert to have full seisin of the foresaid manor, as is foresaid.
Witnessed by the King at Marlborough, on the 13th day of February.
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/30, 15 HENRY III (28 October 1230–27 October
1231)
1231.
13 Feb. Marlborough. …
117 For the wife of Matthew son of Herbert. Order to the
sheriff of Wiltshire to place in respite, until 15 days from Easter in the
fifteenth year, the demand he makes by summons of the Exchequer from Joan,
who was the wife of Matthew son of Herbert, who is dead, for the debts
that Matthew owed the king, and to cause her livestock taken for this
reason to be replevied to her in the meantime.
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Medieval
Lands (MATTHEW FitzHerbert); wikipedia
(Matthew FitzHerbert)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Medieval
Lands (MATTHEW FitzHerbert); wikipedia
(Matthew FitzHerbert)
- Bracton's Note book vol 2 p50 (ed.
Frederick W. Maitland, 1887); Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/30, 15 HENRY III (28 October 1230–27
October 1231); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p442n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Joan mother, notes from The Complete Peerage vol 5 p442n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p442n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (MATTHEW FitzHerbert); wikipedia
(Matthew FitzHerbert)
- Sheriff of Sussex
from Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p145 (1835); Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1216-1225
p92 (1901); Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p557 (1833); Royal justice
from Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1216-1225
p147 (1901); Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1216-1225
pp206-207 (1901); Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1224-1227 vol 2 p213 (1844); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); wikipedia
(Matthew FitzHerbert)
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p442n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (MATTHEW FitzHerbert); wikipedia
(Matthew FitzHerbert)
- Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 p477
(1902); Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/30, 15 HENRY III (28 October 1230–27
October 1231); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p442n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926)
Peter FitzHerbert
Herbert
FitzHerbert
Lucy de Hereford
Alice, daughter of Robert
FitzRoger, in 1203
Alice, the daughter of Robert fitzRoger, Lord of Warkworth and Clavering and
Margaret de Chesney,
The marriage settlement was dated 20 November 1203.
Curia Regis Rolls 5-7 JOHN pp6-7 (1926)
1203.
Euerwikesir’.— Sciant presentes et futuri quod ita
convenit inter Herebertum filium Hereberti et Petrum filium ejus de
maritagio Alicie filie Roberti filii Rogeri, quam idem Petrus duxit in
uxorem, quod predictus Herebertus dedit et concessit Petro filio suo ad
dotandum Aliciam predictam uxorem suam totum tenementum suum de
Euerwikesir’, de quo eum saisivit coram domino H. Cantuariensi episcopo
G. filio Petri justiciario domini regis Willelmo de Cantilupo Reginaldo
de Cornhull’ Ricardo de Seinghes et multis aliis: idem autem Petrus
predictam Aliciam uxorem suam inde dotavit de assensu patris sui. Idem
eciam Petrus concessit patri suo totum tenementum predictum tam de se
quam de Alicia uxore sua tenendum ad firmam tota vita ipsius Hereberti
pro centum marcis annuis in duobus terminis anni solvendis, scilicet
quinquaginta marcis ad Pascha et quinquaginta marcis ad festum sancti
Micaelis, ita quod, si predictus Herebertus firmam illam prefato Petro
aut predicte Alicie uxori sue in terminis statutis non reddiderit, ipse
Petrus et Alicia uxor sua totum tenementum illud in manum suam recipient
sine aliqua reclamatione predicti Hereberti: et si Petrus aut Alicia
uxor sua huic conventioni non steterit, predictus Herebertus quietus
erit de predicta firma illis reddenda: si autem predictum Petrum ante
patrem suum mori contingit, ipse Herebertus predicte Alicie uxori
predicti Petri firmam illam in vita sua integre persolvet, ita quod, si
predictus Herebertus firmam illam eidem Alicie ad terminos statutos non
reddiderit, ipsa Alicia totum tenementum illud in manum suam recipiet
sine aliqua reclamatione ipsius Hereberti: et si ipsa Alicia huic
conventioni in aliqua contradixerit, predictus Herebertus quietus erit
de predicta firma illi reddenda: et eadem Alicia post mortem pre[dicti]
Hereberti, si ipsa supervixerit, totum tenementum illud tanquam dotem
suam recuperabit. De ista conventione hinc inde firmiter tenenda plegii
sunt predictus dominus Cantuariensis archiepiscopus et G. filius Petri
justiciarius. Et si predictus Herebertus a conventione illa aliquatenus
vellet resilire, predictus dominus archiepiscopus de [assen]su ipsius
Hereberti eum distringet per justiciam ecclesiasticam secundum
conventionem … et cartam inter eos factam … dictus itaque Herebertus
cartam suam faciet prefato Petro filio suo secundum scriptum illud:
Petrus etiam Hereberto [patri] suo secundum idem scriptum cartam suam
faciet: dictus quoque Herebertus uxori ejusdem Petri, et eadem uxor
predicto Hereberto, cartam suam inde faciet. Hec conventio recordata
fuit apud Westmonasterium et concessa xx. die Novembris anno quinto
regni regis Johannis coram Ricardo de Herierd Simone de Pateshill’
Godefrido de Insula Johanne de Gestinghes Oseberto filio Herveii
Eustacio de Faukenberge Waltero de Crepinghes justiciariis et aliis
fidelibus domini regis ibidem tunc presentibus.
This roughly translates as:
1203.
Yorkshire.—
Let those present and future know that it has been thus agreed between
Herbert, son of Herbert, and Peter, his son, concerning the marriage of
Alice, daughter of Robert, son of Roger, whom the same Peter has taken
as his wife: that the aforesaid Herbert has given and granted to Peter,
his son, for the dower of the aforesaid Alice, his wife, his entire
tenement [estate/holding] of Yorkshire, of which he seized [legally put
him in possession of] him in the presence of the Lord H[ubert],
archbishop of Canterbury, G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, justiciar of the lord
king, William de Cantilupe, Reginald de Cornhill, Richard de Seinghes,
and many others; and the same Peter has endowed his aforesaid wife Alice
therewith, with the assent of his father. The same Peter has also
granted to his father the entire aforesaid tenement, both on behalf of
himself and of Alice his wife, to be held at farm [leased] for the
entire life of the same Herbert for one hundred marks annually, to be
paid at two terms of the year: namely, fifty marks at Easter and fifty
marks at the Feast of Saint Michael [Michaelmas]. So that if the
aforesaid Herbert does not pay that farm to the late Peter or to the
aforesaid Alice his wife at the appointed terms, Peter himself and Alice
his wife shall receive that entire tenement into their own hand without
any objection from the aforesaid Herbert. And if Peter or Alice his wife
does not abide by this agreement, the aforesaid Herbert shall be quit
[released] from paying the aforesaid farm to them. If, however, it
happens that the aforesaid Peter dies before his father, Herbert himself
shall pay that farm in its entirety to the aforesaid Alice, wife of the
aforesaid Peter, during her life; so that if the aforesaid Herbert does
not pay that farm to the same Alice at the appointed terms, Alice
herself shall receive that entire tenement into her own hand without any
objection from the same Herbert. And if Alice herself acts contrary to
this agreement in any way, the aforesaid Herbert shall be quit from
paying the aforesaid farm to her. And the same Alice, after the death of
the aforesaid Herbert, if she survives him, shall recover that entire
tenement as her dower. For the firm holding of this agreement on both
sides, the pledges are the aforesaid lord archbishop of Canterbury and
G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, justiciar. And if the aforesaid Herbert should
wish to withdraw from that agreement in any respect, the aforesaid lord
archbishop, with the assent of Herbert himself, shall distrain him
through ecclesiastical justice according to the agreement… and the
charter made between them… and so the said Herbert shall make his
charter to the preferred Peter, his son, according to that writing;
Peter also shall make his charter to Herbert, his father, according to
the same writing; and the said Herbert shall make his charter thereof to
the wife of the same Peter, and the same wife to the aforesaid Herbert.
This agreement was recorded at Westminster and granted on the 20th day
of November in the fifth year of the reign of king John [20 November,
1203], before Richard de Herriard, Simon de Pattishall, Godfrey de
l'Isle, John de Gestinghes, Osbert fitz Hervey, Eustace de Fauconberg,
Walter de Crepping, justices, and other faithful subjects of the lord
king then present there.
Alice was da. of Robert fitz Roger, of Warkworth ( Pipe Roll, 5 Joh., m. 5;
Close Roll, 19 Hen. III, m. 11 ) (The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n (George
Edward Cokayne, 1926)). See Medieval
Lands (PIERS FitzHerbert) "ALICE, daughter of ROBERT FitzRoger of
Warkworth & his wife Margery de Chesney. "
Isabel (de Ferrers) de
Mortimer
Isabel was the daughter of Walkelin
de Ferrers. She married, firstly, Roger
Mortimer of Wigmore, with whom she had five children - Hugh, Ralph,
Robert, Philip and Joan. Roger died in 1214. Isabel outlived Peter by many
years, dying shortly before April 29, 1252, when her manor at Lechlade was
ordered to be taken into the king's hands. She lived her final years as a
nun and patroness of the St. John the Baptist Hospital at Lechlade,
Gloucestershire, where she was buried.
Isabel is named as the wife of Peter and brother of Henry de Ferrers in an
entry in the Fine Rolls in 1225.
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/22, 9 HENRY III (28 October 1224–14 June
1225)
1225.
12 April. Westminster. …
154 Order to the barons of the Exchequer to place in respite the demand
for 15 m. that they make from Peter fitz Herbert and Isabella, his wife,
for the debt of Henry de Ferrers, brother of the same Isabella, until
the octaves of Trinity in the ninth year.
After her husband's death Isabella obtained the support of the king in a
dispute with her stepson, Herbert, over lands that she had inherited in her
own right.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1234-1237 pp101-102
(1908)
1235.
Pro Isabella que fuit uxor Petri filii Herberti.—Mandatum est
Herberto filio Petri quod, in fide qua regi tenetur et sicut noluerit
quod rex erga ipsum moveatur, Isabelle que fuit uxor Petri filii
Herberti, patris sui, sine dilatione rationabilem dotem suam assignari
faciat de omnibus terris et tenementis que fuerunt predicti Petri et
sunt in manu ipsius Herberti, et, antequam rationabilem dotem ei
assignaverit, nullum tallagium vel auxilium assideri faciat vel
redditum capi in predictis terris, sciturus pro certo quod, nisi dotem
suam ei sine dilatione assignaverit de terris predictis, rex eam ei
faciet assignari. Teste ut supra [rege apud Rading’, xj. die Junii.].
…
Pro Isabella que fuit uxor Petri filii Herberti.—Rex
cepit fidelitatem Isabelle que fuit uxor Petri filii Herberti, de
omnibus terris et tenementis que ipsam Isabellam hereditarie
contingunt et quas predictus Petrus et ipsa Isabella uxor ejus de rege
tenuerunt in capite de hereditate ipsius Isabelle. Et mandatum est
vicecomiti Glouc’ quod de manerio de Lecheland’ cum pertinentiis, quod
ipsam Isabellam hereditarie contingit et quod ipsi Petrus et Isabella
prius tenuerunt, sicut predictum est, eidem Isabelle sine dilatione
plenam seisinam habere faciat et ipsam in seisina sua manuteneas et
defendas. Teste ut supra.
Eodem modo mandatum est vicecomiti Rotel’ de manerio de Ocham
cum pertinentiis. Teste ut supra.
This roughly translates as:
On
behalf of Isabella, who was the wife of Peter son of Herbert.—Command
is given to Herbert son of Peter, by the faith in which he is bound to
the King and as he would wish that the King not be moved against him,
that he cause to be assigned without delay to Isabella, who was the wife
of Peter son of Herbert, his father, her reasonable dower from all the
lands and tenements which belonged to the aforesaid Peter and are in the
hand of the same Herbert; and, before he has assigned her reasonable
dower to her, he shall cause no tallage [tax] or aid to be assessed, nor
rent to be taken in the aforesaid lands; knowing for certain that,
unless he assigns her dower to her without delay from the lands
aforesaid, the King will cause it to be assigned to her. Witnessed as
above [by the King at Reading, the 11th day of June].
…
On behalf of Isabella, who was the wife of Peter son of
Herbert.—The King has taken the fealty of Isabella, who was the
wife of Peter son of Herbert, for all the lands and tenements which
touch the same Isabella by right of inheritance, and which the aforesaid
Peter and the same Isabella his wife held of the King in chief from the
inheritance of the same Isabella. And command is given to the sheriff of
Gloucestershire that he cause the same Isabella to have full seisin
without delay of the manor of Lechlade with its appurtenances, which
touches the same Isabella by right of inheritance and which the same
Peter and Isabella previously held, as is aforesaid, and that he
maintain and defend her in her seisin. Witnessed as above.
In the same manner, command is given to the sheriff of Rutland
concerning the manor of Oakham with its appurtenances. Witnessed as
above.
p357
1236.
Berk’—Isabella de Mortuo Mari attoruavit loco suo Radulfum le
Deen et Johanuem de Syvetoth versus Herbertum filium Petri de placito
couventionis de dote ipsius Isabelle quod summonitum est coram
rege.
This roughly translates as:
Berkshire—Isabella
de Mortimer appointed in her place Ralph le Deen and John de Syvetoth
against Herbert son of Peter concerning a plea of agreement of the dower
of the same Isabella, which has been summoned before the King.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1251-1253 pp82-83
(1927)
1252.
De
manerio de Lecchelad’ capiendo in manum regis.—Mandatum est
abbati de Persore, escaetori regis, quod sine dilacione capiat in
manum regis manerium de Lecchelade, quod fuit Isabelle de Mortuomari
jam mortue, et quod debet esse in manum regis tamquam escaeta sua, et
illud salvo custodiat donec rex aliud inde preceperit. Et mandatum est
vicecomiti Glouc’ quod cum requisitus fuerit a escaetore vim
resistentem in eodem manerio faciat amoveri. Teste ut supra [rege apud
Westmonasterium xxix. die Aprilis]. Per R. Waler’.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning
the manor of Lechlade to be taken into the hand of the king.—Command
is given to the abbot of Pershore, the King’s escheator, that without
delay he take into the hand of the King the manor of Lechlade, which
belonged to Isabella de Mortimer, now dead, and which ought to be in the
hand of the king as his escheat, and that he keep it safely until the
king shall command otherwise regarding it. And command is given to the
sheriff of Gloucestershire that, when he shall be requested by the
escheator, he cause any resisting force in the same manor to be removed.
Witnessed as above [the king at Westminster the 29th day of April]. By
R. Walerand.
Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 1 p350
(William Dugdale, 1849)
Priory of Wigmore
Radulphus frater suus junior ex
Isabella Ferrers, secunda uxore, collegii sive hospitalis de Lechelade
fundatrice,c et ibi tumulata, procreatus, successit in
dominium.
c Ibid. [Fundatio Hospitalis de Lechelade.] fol. 51
b.
This roughly translates as:
Priory of Wigmore
Ralph, his younger brother, born of Isabel Ferrers, the second
wife, founder of the college or hospital of Lechlade,c and
buried there, succeeded to the lordship.
c Ibid. [Fundatio Hospitalis de Lechelade.] fol. 51
b.
The Complete Peerage vol 4 p191n (George
Edward Cokayne, 1916)
(c)
… Walkelin, who was father of (1) Henry, Seigneur de Chambrais in 1202,
(2) Hugh, of Lechlade, who d. s.p. in 1204, having m.
Margaret, da. and h. of Hugh de Say of Richard’s Castle, and (3) Isabel
(d. before 31 May 1252), who m., 1stly, Roger de Mortemer
of Wigmore (d. 24 June 1214), and 2ndly, Piers fitz Herbert of Blaen
Llyfni (d. 1 June 1235). Isabel inherited Lechlade, and also
Oakham, which her eldest br., Henry, had lost at the time of the
conquest of Normandy.
Baron of Berstaple in
Devonshire; Governor of Pickering Castle and Sheriff of Yorkshire
Peter FitzHerbert was a powerful 13th-century nobleman, courtier, and
Marcher Lord. He
was a prominent royal advisor to king John and as one of the barons named in
the preamble of the Magna Carta in 1215. Through his mother, Peter inherited
a lucrative one-third share of the barony of the Earl of Hereford including
Blaenllynfi
and Castell Dinas.
He held extensive lands spanning Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Warwickshire,
Wiltshire, Yorkshire, and the Welsh Marches.
Peter was closely allied to king John. The king rewarded his loyalty
by granting him the honour
of Barnstaple in Devonshire and appointing him governor of Pickering
Castle and sheriff
of Yorkshire (1214–1215). Because he stayed loyal to the crown during
the Papal
Interdict (1208–1213), medieval chroniclers like Roger of Wendover
branded him one of king John's "wicked councillors". Peter was chosen as one
of the noble councillors listed in the opening of the Magna
Carta in 1215 to advise the king. He rebelled against king John toward
the end of the First
Barons' War, resulting in the temporary seizure of some of his lands.
However, he quickly returned to royal allegiance upon the accession of the
young king Henry III in 1216, and his estates were restored. In October
1233, during the rebellion of Richard
Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Peter's Welsh strongholds of
Blaenllynfi and Castell Dinas were sacked and ruined by Marshal and prince Llywelyn ab
Iorwerth.
Peter is recorded in 1194-5, paying scutage
of 15 shillings for three quarters of a knight's fee in Berkshire.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p94 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1194-5. … BERKESCIRA. … Petrus filius
Herberti, xvs. in hoc comitatu—iij partes [militis].
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1194-5. … Berkshire … Peter son of Herbert, 15s.
in this county—three parts [of a knight's fee].
Peter inherited a moiety of the manor of Alcester, Warwickshire, from his
father and, after payment of 20 marks to the king, this was restored to him
in 1204.
Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi
asservati John 1199-1216 p200 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
WAREWIC.
— Petrus filius Herberti dat domino Regi xx. marcas pro habenda
saisina medietatis manerii de Alenc’ quam pater suus tenuit.
which translates into English as:
Warwickshire.—Peter son of Herbert gives to the lord King 20 marks for
having seisin of a moiety of the manor of Alcester which his father
held.
In 1205 king John pardoned Peter of the 20 mark fine for Alcester as well as
20 marks that the king lent to him during the military expedition in
Poitou/Limousin in southwest France.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p3 (1833)
REX tcc̃. G. fit̃ Pet̄. Mandam̄9 vob̄ qd̄
pvideatis de aliqa eschaeta n̄ra Hamōi Falconario q̃ ei reman̄e possit
ī escābiū ad valentiā t̄re sue de Alencestr̄ q̄a reddim̄9
Pet̄o fit̄ Hereb̄ti. t̄ eā illi h̄re faciatis. T. W. Com̄ Sar̄r̄ ap̄d
Bristolt̄ xviij. die Jul̄i. p̄ Huḡ de Nevill̄.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
REX etc. G. filio Petri salutem. Mandamus vobis
quod provideatis de aliqua eschaeta nostra Hamoni Falconario quae ei
remanere possit in escambium ad valentiam terrae suae de Alencestr’
quam reddidimus Petro filio Hereberti; et eam illi habere faciatis.
Teste W. Comite Sarisberiae apud Bristol’ xviij. die Julii. Per
Hugonem de Nevill’
which translates into English as:
The king etc. to G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, greeting. We command you
that you provide for Hamo the falconer from some escheat of ours, which
may remain to him in exchange to the value of his land of Alcester,
which we have restored to Peter son of Herbert; and cause him to have
it. Witnessed by W[illiam Longespée], earl of Salisbury, at Bristol, the
18th day of July. By Hugh de Neville.
p26b
1205.
R̄EX t̃c̃. Vic̃ Warewic̃ t̃c̃. Pone ī respectū
usq̃ ad Pentecosten anno regni ñri septimo demandā qΪ facis Pet̄o
fit̄ H’b̄ti de xx. marc̃ qΪs nob̃ debet de fine q̃ fec̃ nob̃cū p̄
t̄ra sua de Alecestr̄. T. G. fit̄ Pet̅i ap̄d Geldeford̄ x.
die Apr̅it̄. p̄ eūdē [Petrū de Stoǩ].
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1205.
REX etc. vicecomiti Warewic’ etc. Pone in
respectum usque ad Pentecosten anno regni nostri septimo demandam quam
facis Petro filio Herberti de xx. marcis quas nobis debet de fine quem
fecit nobiscum pro terra sua de Alecestr’. Teste G[alfrido] filio
Petri apud Geldeford’ x. die Aprilis. Per eundem[Petrum de Stoke].
which translates into English as:
1205.
The King etc. to the sheriff of Warwickshire greeting. Put in
respite [suspend] until Pentecost in the seventh year of our reign [21
May 1206] the demand which you make upon Peter son of Herbert for 20
marks, which he owes to us for the fine that he made with us for his
land of Alcester. Witnessed by G[eoffrey] fitz Peter at Guildford, the
10th day of April. By the same [Peter de Stoke].
p39
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1205.
REX etc. Baronibus de Scaccario salutem.
Sciatis quod perdonavimus Petro filio Herberti relevium quod nobis
debet de terra que fuit patris sui. Et perdonavimus ei viginti marcas
quas ei commodavimus in Lemovicino unde Comes W. Marescallus et
Garinus filius Geroldi fuerunt plegii. Et xx$^{ti}$ marcas quas nobis
debet de fine suo de Alencestr’. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eum inde
quietum esse faciatis. Teste me ipso apud Dorecestriam, xxiiij. die
Junii.
which translates into English as:
1205.
The King etc. to the Barons of the Exchequer, greeting. Know ye
that we have pardoned Peter son of Herbert the relief which he owes us
for the land which belonged to his father. And we have pardoned him
twenty marks which we lent to him in the Limousin, whereof Earl
W[illiam] Marshal and Warin fitz Gerold were pledges. And 20 marks which
he owes us for his fine for Alcester. And therefore we command you that
you cause him to be quit thereof. Witnessed by myself at Dorchester, on
the 24th day of June.
In 1208 Peter was involved in armed conflict with Gwenwynwyn,
the Prince of Southern Powys, over territory in Wales.
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p86b (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1208.
Rex omnibus militibus et bacheleriis et fidelibus suis salutem.
Sciatis quod bene placet nobis quod eatis cum dilecto et fideli nostro
P. filio Herberti ad perquirendum jus suum et hereditatem, quam
Wenhunwen ei deforciat, salva fide nostra et salvis serviciis que
nobis debetis et summonicionibus exercitus nostri. Et durent litere
iste usque ad Natale Domini anno regni nostri xº. Teste Willelmo
Briwerre apud Gillingham, xxix. die Septembris.
which translates into English as:
1208.
The King to all his knights and bachelors and faithful subjects,
greeting. Know ye that it well pleases us that you go with our beloved
and faithful P[eter]. son of Herbert to recover his right and
inheritance, which Gwenwynwyn deforces from him, saving our faith and
saving the services which you owe to us and the summonses of our army.
And these letters shall endure until the Nativity of the Lord in the
10th year of our reign [25 December 1208]. Witness William Brewer at
Gillingham, 29th day of September.
In 1210-1212, Peter is recorded in possession of one knight’s fee at
Manekeford in Wiltshire, and three knight’s fees in Beverley, Yorkshire, as
well as three-quarters of a knight's fee in Warwickshire held jointly with
Willelmus de Boterellis.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 2 p484 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1210-12. … WILTESCIRA … Petrus filius
Herberti, Manekeford.
p492
A.D.
1210-12. … EBORWICSCIRA … Beverliga … Petrus
filius Hereberti, iijes milites.
p550
A.D.
1210-12. … WARWICSIRA … Petrus filius
Herberti et Willelmus de Boterellis tres partes.
Peter was named by Roger of Wendover as one of king
John's "wicked councillors" for assisting the king in his
expropriation of church property following John's excommunication by pope
Innocent III in a dispute
over who was to be named archbishop of Canterbury.
Rogeri de Wendover Chronica, sive Flores historiarum
vol 3 pp237-238 (Roger of Wendover, 1841)
A.D.
1211. … Habuit autem rex hac interdicti tempestate
consiliarios iniquissimos, quorum nomina pro parte hic ponere non
omittam; Willelmus quoque frater regis et comes Saresbiriensis,
Albericus de Ver comes Oxoniensis, Gaufridus filius-Petri Angliæ
justiciarius, … Petrus filius-Hereberti et Thomas Basset, et alii
multi, quos longum esset enumerare, qui regi in omnibus placere
cupientes consilium non pro ratione sed pro voluntate dederunt.
This roughly translates as:
Moreover, during this storm of the interdict, the king had most
wicked councillors, whose names I will not omit to set down here in
part; William, the king's brother and Earl of Salisbury, Alberic de
Vere, Earl of Oxford, Geoffrey son of Peter, justiciar of England, …
Peter son of Herbert and Thomas Basset, and many others, whom it would
be tedious to enumerate, who, desiring to please the king in all things,
gave advice not according to reason but according to their will.
In 1212 Peter was one of a number of powerful nobles who stood surety for Peter de Maulay,
another of the "wicked councillors" in his reconciliation with king John.
Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati
1199-1216 vol 1 p191 (1837)
Universis Christi fidelibus presente carta inspecturis P. Dei gratia
Wintoniensis, et J. Norwicensis, episcopi, Willelmus Lunge espéé comes
Sarisberiae, G. filius Petri comes Essexiae, R. comes Cestriae, W.
comes Arundelli, comes Albemarliae, H. de Nevilla, magister R. de
Marisco archidiaconus Northumbriae, H. archidiaconus Staffordiae, W.
archidiaconus Huntendoniae, Willelmus Briwerre, Petrus filius Herberti
[Petr⁹ fit Herbti], Thomas de Samford, Robertus de Burgat, Robertus de
Ropele, ohannes de Bassingeburnia, Engelardus de Cigoin, Henricus
filius Comitis, magister Ernaldus de Auclent, magister Robertus de
Gloucestria, Johannes filius Hugonis, Philippus de Ulecot, Briennus de
Insula, et Walterus de Sancto Audoeno, salutem. Sciatis quod
manucepimus pro Petro de Maulay, cujus dominus Rex ad peticionem
nostram officia sua reddidit, quod ipse in nulla re de cetero
contradicet precepto domini Regis, nec erga nec erga ipsum scienter
delinquat; et quod per custodias suas nec malum nec dampnum domino
Regi vel regno suo eveniet, ita quod si ipse per infortunium suum vel
culpam suam dominum Regem de cetero offendit, nos corpus ejus domino
Regi liberabimus ad faciendum de eo voluntatem suam, ita quod
quamcumque vindictam de eo capere voluerit, non erimus contra, nec
malas gentes ei sciemus. Preterea salve erunt domino Regi prime
convenciones de eodem Petro per cartas, quas habet vel habere voluit;
et in hujus rei testimonium nos huic carte sigilla nostra apposuimus;
et ego W. comes Arundelli, ad peticionem domini P. Wintoniensis
episcopi, huic carte sigillum meum apposui pro eo et pro me ipso; et
dominus Rex manucepit quod dominus Norwicensis sigillum suum apponet.
Scriptum apud Meves, xxvij. die Maii, anno r. domini Regis xiijmo.
This roughly translates as:
To all the faithful of Christ who shall inspect this present
charter, P[eter des Roches], by the grace of God bishop of Winchester,
and J[ohn de Gray], bishop of Norwich; William Longespée, earl of
Salisbury; G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, earl of Essex; R[anulf de
Blondeville], earl of Chester; W[illiam d'Aubigny], earl of Arundel;
[William de Forz], earl of Aumale; H[ugh] de Neville; master R[ichard]
de Marisco, archdeacon of Northumberland; H[enry], archdeacon of
Stafford; W[alter], archdeacon of Huntingdon; William Briwerre; Peter
son of Herbert; Thomas de Sandford; Robert de Burgate; Robert de
Ropesley; John de Bassingebourn; Engelard de Cigogné; Henry, son of the
earl; master Ernald of Auckland; master Robert of Gloucester; John son
of Hugh; Philip de Ulcot; Brian de l'Isle; and Walter de Saint-Ouen,
greeting. Know ye that we have mainperned [become personal legal
guarantors] for Peter de Maulay, whose offices our lord the king, at our
petition, has restored to him: [guaranteeing] that he shall in no way
from henceforth contradict the command of our lord the king, nor
knowingly offend against him; and that through his custody [of royal
castles and lands] neither harm nor damage shall come to our lord the
king or to his kingdom. So that if he, by his misfortune or his own
fault, should henceforth offend the lord king, we will deliver his body
up to our lord the king to do with him according to his will, so that
whatever vengeance he wishes to take upon him, we will not stand against
it, nor will we knowingly harbor bad people around him. Furthermore, the
original covenants concerning the same Peter via charters which he has
or wished to have shall remain safe to the lord king. And in testimony
of this matter, we have apposed our seals to this charter; and I,
W[illiam], earl of Arundel, at the petition of the lord P[eter], bishop
of Winchester, have apposed my seal to this charter for him and for
myself; and the lord king has mainperned that the lord [bishop] of
Norwich shall appose his seal.Written at Nieuwpoort [Meves], the 27th
day of May, in the 13th year of the reign of our lord the king.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p121 (1833)
1212.
P̄CEPTU’ ẽ Bat̄lis Hug̃ de Nevill̄ de Frigido
Mantello q̄d̄ pmittat̄ Petr̄ fit̄ Herb̄ti cape iiijor.
dāmos ī Wassa de Spineto t̄ Constab̄ Porc̃ q̄d̄ pmittat eū cape
iij. dāmos ī foresta de Porcestr̃. T. R̄. ap̄d Wudestoǩ vj. die
Aug̃. p̄ Hug̃ de Bernevall̄.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1212.
PRECEPTUM est ballivis Hugonis de Nevill de
Frigido Mantello quod permittant Petrum filium Herberti capere iiijor.
damos in Wassa de Spineto et Constabulario Porcestrie quod permittat
eum capere iij. damos in foresta de Porcestrie. Teste Rege apud
Wudestok vj. die Augusti.per Hugonem de Bernevall.
which translates into English as:
1212.
It is commanded to the bailiffs of Hugh de Neville of Freemantle
that they permit Peter son of Herbert to take 4 buck deer in the chase
of 'Wassa de Spineto' [the thorny waste/woodland near
Freemantle/Pamber], and to the constable of Portchester that he permit
him to take 3 buck deer in the forest of Portchester. Witnessed by the
king at Woodstock, the 6th day of August. By Hugh de Berneval.
In the spring of 1213, king John was massing a fleet along the southern
coast of England to prepare for a crossing to invade France and defend
against a threatened French counter-invasion. As a major regional lord with
administrative ties to the ports of Hampshire, Peter was ordered to source
and secure a safe military transport ship for two elite continental allies.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p129 (1833)
1213.
MANDAT’ ẽ Pet̄o fit̄ Hereb̄ti q̄d̄ īveniat
unā navē securā Ērico Buissard̄ t̄ Joudowino de Bloyo ad
transfretand̄. T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr̅it̄. p̄ Dñm P.
Wiñt̄. sub pvo sigillo.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1213.
MANDATUM est Petro filio Hereberti quod inveniat
unam navem securam Erico Buissard et Joudowino de Bloyo ad
transfretandum. Teste . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aprilis. per
Dominum P[etrum] Wintoniensem sub parvo sigillo.
which translates into English as:
1213.
It is commanded to Peter son of Herbert that he find one safe
ship for Eric Buissard and Joudowin de Blaye for crossing the sea.
Witnessed [at . . .] the [. . .] day of April. By the lord P[eter des
Roches], bishop of Winchester, under the privy seal.
p154
1213.
R̄ex Petro fit̄ Herbt̄i
t̃c̃. Sciatis q̄d̄ dedimus Joh̅i Brisepot Albredam fit̄ Simōis
Hochedez duc̄endam in ux̃ c̅ tota t̄ra sua qΪ eam h̄editarie cōting̃
qΪ est de donac̃one ñra. Et īo vob̃ mandam̄9 q̄d̄ p̄dc̃am
Albredā c̅ tota p̄dc̃a t̄ra sua eid̄ Joh̅i sñ dilōne h̄re faciatis.
T. me ip̅o ap̄ Frigid̄ Mantell̄, xxvij. die Octobr̃. p̄ W. Com̄
Sar̄r̄.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1213.
Rex Petro filio Herberti etc. Sciatis quod dedimus Johanni
Brisepot Albredam filiam Simonis Hochedez ducendam in uxorem cum tota
terra sua quae eam hereditarie contingit quae est de donatione nostra.
Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedictam Albredam cum tota praedicta
terra sua eidem Johanni sine dilatione habere faciatis. Teste me ipso
apud Frigidum Mantellum, xxvij. die Octoberis. per W[illelmum] Comitem
Sarriae [Sarisberiae].
which translates into English as:
1213.
The king to Peter son of Herbert etc. Know ye that we have given
to John Brisepot Albreda, daughter of Simon Hochedez, to be taken to
wife, with all her land which falls to her by inheritance, which is of
our donation. And therefore we command you that you cause the same John
to have the aforesaid Albreda with all her aforesaid land without delay.
Witnessed by myself at Freemantle, the 27th day of October. By W[illiam
Longespée], earl of Salisbury.
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p104 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1213.
REX A. de Ver Comiti Oxoniensi etc. Mandamus
vobis quod sine dilacione liberetis Petro filio Herberti Johem filium
et obsidem Johannis de Monmouth qui est in custodia vestra, quia idem
Petrus manucepit per cartam suam quam penes nos habemus quod prefatum
Johannem nobis reddet ad sumonicionem nostram. Et in hujus rei
testimonium has litteras nostras patentes vobis etc. Apud Henleg’,
xxiij. die Novembris, anno xvº.
which translates into English as:
1213.
The King to A[ubrey] de Vere Earl of Oxford etc. We command you
that without delay you deliver to Peter son of Herbert, John, the son
and hostage of John de Monmouth, who is in your custody, because the
same Peter has become surety by his charter, which we have in our
possession, that he will render the aforesaid John to us at our summons.
And in witness of this matter [we send] these our letters patent to you
etc. At Henley, 23rd day of November, in the 15th year [of our
reign].
p110
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1214.
REX Petro filio Herberti etc. Sciatis quod
commisimus Johanni de Wikenholt Vicecomiti Berkeseire, castrum de
Walingeford’ cum omnibus pertinenciis suis custodiendum quamdiu nobis
placuerit. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Johani predictum castrum
de Walingeford’ cum omnibus pertinenciis suis sine dilacione
liberetis. Et in hujus rei etc. Teste ut proximo supra [me ipso apud
Stansted’, xxx. die Januarii, anno regni nostri xvº].
which translates into English as:
1214.
The King to Peter son of Herbert etc. Know ye that we have
committed to John de Wikenholt, Sheriff of Berkshire, the castle of
Wallingford with all its appurtenances, to be kept for as long as it
shall please us. And therefore we command you that to the same John you
deliver the aforesaid castle of Wallingford with all its appurtenances
without delay. And in [witness] of this matter etc. Witness as next
above [myself at Stansted, 30th day of January, in the 15th year of our
reign].
p113
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1214.
REX Willelmo filio Radulfi etc. Sciatis quod
commisimus dilecto et fideli nostro Petro filio Hereberti castrum
nostrum de Pikering’ cum pertinenciis suis custodiendum quamdiu nobis
placuerit. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod quando dominus Wintoniensis
Episcopus vobis mandaverit: ipsum castrum predicto Petro liberetis. Et
in hujus rei testimonium etc. vobis mittimus. Teste me ipso apud
Xantonem, viij. die Aprilis, anno regni nostri xvº.
which translates into English as:
1214.
The King to William son of Ralph etc. Know ye that we have
committed to our beloved and faithful Peter son of Herbert our castle of
Pickering with its appurtenances, to be kept for as long as it shall
please us. And therefore we command you that when the lord Bishop of
Winchester commands you, you deliver that castle to the aforesaid Peter.
And in witness of this matter etc. we send to you. Witness myself at
Saintes, 8th day of April, in the 15th year of our reign.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p179 (1833)
1214.
R̄ex P. fit̄ H’b̄ti t̃c̃.
Mittim̄9 ad vos Magr̅m Edmund̄ venator̄ē ñrm cum canib̃9
ñris mandantes qΪtin̄9 eū curr̄e fac̃ in foresta ñra de
Puiťing̃, ad porcos, t̄ ea necc̃aia inveniatis, t̄ porcos
bñ salari t̄ custodiri fac̃. T. me ip̅o ap̄ Novū Temp̄t̄ Lond̄, xxj̅o.
die Noṽ.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1214.
Rex P[etro] filio Herberti etc. Mittimus ad vos Magistrum
Edmundum venatorem nostrum cum canibus nostris, mandantes quatinus eum
currere faciatis in foresta nostra de Pamber’ [Puit’king’], ad porcos,
et ea necessaria inveniatis, et porcos bene salari et custodiri
faciatis. Teste me ipso apud Novum Templum London’, xxj°. die
Novembris.
which translates into English as:
1214.
The king to P[eter] son of Herbert etc. We send to you Master
Edmund our huntsman with our hounds, commanding that you cause him to
run [hunt] in our forest of Pamber for wild boars, and that you find
those things necessary for them, and that you cause those boars to be
well salted and guarded. Witnessed by myself at the New Temple, London,
the 21st day of November.
pp181-182
1214.
R̄ex P. f H’b̄ salt̃. Mandam̄9 vob̄ q̄d̄ cū canib̃9
ñris capiatis in foresta de Piking̃. C. inf̅. porcos t̄ laysas. Ita
q̄ vos ip̅i
p̄ntes sitis ad illos capiend̄. Ita tñ q̄ in tali loco capiant̄ ubi
nos currẽ freqñcius 9suevim̅9. Carnẽ salsari faciatis
& b̄ capita porcoꭄ in vino suliciat̄ ad op̅ n̄rm & b̄ aliud
succis̃ in c̃vis̃ appat̄ custodiri faciatis. T. ut supius [R̄. ap̄
Relegȟ, viij̅o. die Noṽ].
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1214.
Rex P[etro] filio H[er]b[erti] salutem. Mandamus vobis quod cum
canibus nostris capiatis in foresta de Pamber’ [Piking’] C. i[n]f[ra].
porcos et laysas. Ita quod vos ipsi praesentes sitis ad illos
capiendos. Ita tamen quod in tali loco capiantur ubi nos currere
frequencius consuevimus. Carnem salsari faciatis et capita porcorum in
vino suliciatur ad opus nostrum et aliud succisum in cervisia
apparatum custodiri faciatis. Teste ut superius [Rege apud Relegh, viij°. die Novembris].
which translates into English as:
1214.
The king to P[eter] son of Herbert greeting. We command you that,
with our hounds, you take in the forest of Pamber 100 between wild boars
and sows. So that you yourself are personally present at their taking.
Provided, however, that they be taken in such a place where we have been
accustomed to hunt more frequently. Cause the meat to be salted, and let
the heads of the boars be soused in wine for our use, and cause the
other cut meat prepared in ale to be safely guarded. Witnessed as above
[the king at Rayleigh, the 8th day of November].
This entry from the Close Rolls documents Peter operating as the supreme
royal official in the North of England: sheriff of Yorkshire and keeper of
three massive royal castles. The king issues a direct mandate to the the
barons of the exchequer ordering them to credit Peter's account for the
heavy operational expenses he incurred maintaining these fortresses,
offsetting his balance against the revenues he collected from the county.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p187b (1833)
1215.
R̄B̅. Bar̄ de Scac̃io t̃c̃. Computate dilc̃o & fid̄li ñro
P. fit̄ Herb̄ ron̄ab̄les expens̃ suas qΪs posuit in custod̄ Comitat̅9
Eborac̃, & castroꭄ de Pontf̄acto & de Eborac̃ & de
Pikering̃ a t̃mpe qΪ Comit̅ eund̄ h̄uit in custod̄ & castr̅ p̄dc̃a
p̄ p̄cept̅ ñrm. Quia t̄n p̄dc̃us Petr̅9 nob̃ deb̄at
respondē de pficuo Comitat̅9: rectū est qΪ ei ron̄ab̄les
ex̅pnse allocent̅r quas in p̄dc̃a custod̄ posuit. T. ut
supius [R̄. apud Cẏrecestr̃, x̅o. die Febr̃].
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1215.
Breve Baronibus de Scaccario etc. Computate dilecto et fideli
nostro P[etro] filio Herberti rationabiles expensas suas quas posuit
in custodia Comitatus Eboraci, et castrorum de Pontefracto et de
Eboraco et de Pikeringa a tempore quo Comitatum eundem habuit in
custodia et castra praedicta per praeceptum nostrum. Quia tamen
praedictus Petrus nobis debebat respondere de proficuo Comitatus;
rectum est quod ei rationabiles expensae allocentur quas in praedicta
custodia posuit. Teste ut superius [Rege apud Cyrecestrie, x°. die
Februarii].
which translates into English as:
1215.
Writ to the barons of the exchequer greeting. Account to our
beloved and faithful P[eter] son of Herbert his reasonable expenses
which he laid out in the custody [guardianship] of the county of York,
and of the castles of Pontefract, of York, and of Pickering, from the
time when he held the same county and the aforesaid castles in his
custody by our command. Because, however, the aforesaid Peter was bound
to answer to us for the profit [revenues] of the county: it is right
that his reasonable expenses which he laid out in the aforesaid custody
be allowed to him. Witnessed as above [the king at Cirencester, the 10th
day of February].
This entry from the Close Rolls, dated April 13, 1215, shows king John
scrambling to manage his aristocratic relationships just two months before
the signing of Magna Carta. The king orders Peter to immediately refund £27
that Peter had previously confiscated from the northern estates of the
powerful baron William de Forz, earl of Aumale, while those lands were
temporarily seized into the king's hands. Because the earl of Aumale held
the massive northern lordship of Holderness in Yorkshire, it was Peter,
operating as the regional sheriff and custodian, who physically marched onto
the earl's manors, seized his agricultural revenues, and collected this £27
on behalf of the royal treasury. In the spring of 1215, king John’s regime
was on the verge of total collapse as the baronial rebellion intensified.
William de Forz, earl of Aumale, was a highly volatile, heavily armed
military heavyweight whose allegiance was critical. To keep Aumale from
joining the rebel camp, the king suddenly reversed his previous asset
seizures and ordered Peter to swiftly hand back the confiscated cash.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p194b (1833)
1215.
Rex Petro fil̄ Herb̄ti
salt̃. Mandam̄9 vob̄ qđ hr̃e fac̃ dilc̃o ⁊ fideli nr̃o W.
Comiti Aubemarl̄ xxvij. łi. quas cepistis de t̃ra sua qΪmdiu illa fuit
in manu nr̃a. T. ut supius. [me ip̃o ap̃ Oxoñ, xiij. die April̃].
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1215.
Rex Petro filio Herberti salutem. Mandamus vobis quod habere
facias dilecto et fideli nostro W[illelmo] comiti Aubemarle xxvij.
libras quas cepistis de terra sua quamdiu illa fuit in manu nostra.
Teste ut superius. [me ipso apud Oxoniam, xiij. die Aprilis].
which translates into English as:
1215.
The king to Peter son of Herbert greeting. We command you that
you cause our beloved and faithful W[illiam], earl of Albemarle
[Aumale], to have 27 pounds which you took from his land as long as it
was in our hand. Witnessed as above [by the king at Oxford, the 13th day
of April, 1215].
This entry in the Close Roll explicitly titles Peter as "vicecomiti Eboraci"
or sheriff of Yorkshire, commanding him to lead a high-level judicial panel
alongside three prominent northern knights to oversee an assize of mort
d'ancestor—a specialized royal land court proceeding tracking inherited
tenant boundaries.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p203 (1833)
1215.
Will’s fit̄ Wit̄li & Adam de Novo M’cato, Adam de Romenit̄,
& Thom̃ de Horbir̃ siml̄ cum Pet̄o fit̄ Herb̄ti Vic̃ Eborac̃
attornati sūt Justic̃ ad cap̃ ass̃am de morte añcessoꭄ sumonit̄a
corā Justic̃ dñi Reg̃ itīnantibz int̅ Ric̃ de Hauvill̄ & Cecit̄
ux̃ ejus petent̃, & Radm̄ Tirell̄ & Aluin̄a ux̃ ejus teñtes,
de xx. acr̃ t̃re cū ptīñ in
, & Batet̄, & mandat̅ est p̄dc̃is q̄ ad diē & locū quē
p̄dc̃us Vic̃ eis scire faciat [cŁveniant] ad ass̃am illā capiendam
p̄ rotl̅m Edm̅.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1215.
Willelmus filius Willelmi et Adam de Novo Mercato, Adam de
Romenith, et Thomas de Horbiri simul cum Petro filio Herberti
Vicecomiti Eboraci attornati sunt Justiciarii ad capiendam assisam de
morte antecessorum sumonitam coram Justiciariis domini Regis
itinerantibus inter Ricardum de Hauvill et Ceciliam uxorem ejus
petentes, et Radulfum Tirell et Aluinam uxorem ejus tenentes, de xx.
acris terrae cum pertinentiis in , et
Baitel, et mandatum est praedictis quod ad diem et locum quem
praedictus Vicecomes eis scire faciat [conveniant] ad assisam illam
capiendam. per rotulum Edmundi.
which translates into English as:
1215.
William fitz William and Adam de Newmarch [Novo Mercato], Adam de
Romney [Romenith], and Thomas de Horbury, together with Peter son of
Herbert, sheriff of Yorkshire, are appointed as justices to take an
assize of mort d'ancestor summoned before the traveling itinerant
justices of our lord the king, between Richard de Hauville and Cecily
his wife, plaintiffs, and Ralph Tirell and Alwina his wife, tenants,
concerning 20 acres of land with appurtenances in
and Baitel; and it is commanded to the aforesaid [justices] that
they shall assemble at the day and place which the aforesaid sheriff
shall make known to them to take that assize. By the roll of
Edmund.
This entry from the Close Rolls, dated 1 June 1215, is at the precipice of
the Magna Carta crisis, a mere two weeks before king John marched to
Runnymede to meet the rebel barons who had already occupied London and
renounced their feudal allegiance to the king. Trapped at Windsor Castle,
the king was frantically deploying his remaining patronage to guarantee the
loyalty of his inner-circle court. Handing Peter "full seisin" of Wolverton
"without delay" was an urgent reward designed to ensure Peter remained a
loyal frontline crown commander as the realm fractured.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p214 (1833)
1215.
Wlfrintoñ. R̄ex Vic̃
Suhamt̃ sat̃t̃. P̄cipim̄9 t̅i qd̄ sñ dilōe h̄re
fac̃ dilc̃o & fideli nr̃o Petro fit̄ H’berti pleñ saisinā de
man̅io de Wlfrintoñ c̅ ptiñ suis salvo unicuig̃ jure suo si quis v̅sus
eū iñ loqui volu̅it. T. me ip̅o apud Windeso̧, p̄mo die Juñ.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1215.
Wlfrinton’. Rex vicecomiti Suhamt’ salutem. Praecipimus
tibi quod sine dilatione habere facias dilecto et fideli nostro Petro
filio Herberti plenam seisinam de manerio de Wlfrinton cum
pertinentiis suis salvo unicuique jure suo si quis versus eum inde
loqui voluerit. Teste me ipso apud Windesor’, primo die Junii.
which translates into English as:
1215.
Wolverton. The king to the sheriff of Southampton greeting.
We command you that without delay you cause our beloved and faithful
Peter son of Herbert to have full seisin of the manor of Wolverton with
its appurtenances, saving to everyone his own right if anyone should
wish to speak [bring a legal claim] against him concerning it. Witnessed
by myself at Windsor, the 1st day of June.
Peter was the outgoing custodian of Pickering Castle, having been previously
granted custody of the stronghold in April 1214, handing over the castle and
surrounds to the new sheriff.
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p146 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1215.
Idem [Willelmus de Duston’] habet litteras domini Regis
patentes directas Petro filio Herberti quod liberet ei castrum de
Pikering’ cum villa et wapentak’ de Pikering’ quamdiu domino Regi
placuerit custodiendum. Datum ut supra [Rege apud Merleberge, ij. die
Julii, anno regni domini Regis xvijmo].
which translates into English as:
1215.
The same [William de Duston] has letters patent of the lord King
directed to Peter son of Herbert that he deliver to him the castle of
Pickering with the town and wapentake of Pickering, to be kept for as
long as it shall please the lord King. Given as above [the King at
Marlborough, 2nd day of July, in the 17th year of the reign of the lord
King].
These Close Roll entries from November 1215 and April and May 1216 are
during the First
Barons' War. Having captured Rochester Castle after a brutal siege,
the king redistributed the lands, properties, and livestock of his rebel
enemies to reward his staunchest royalist commanders, showering Peter with
confiscated estates and knight's fees in Hampshire, Berkshire, Oxfordshire,
Somerset and Southampton.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p237 (1833)
1215.
Tʼre.
Mandat̅u’ est Vic̃ Suhamt̃ qΪ hr̃e fac̃ Petro fit̄
Herb̄ti t̄ram qΪ fuit Rob̄ Mauduit in Hurtleǧ h̄ndam qΪmdiu dño Regi
placūit cū om̄ib̃9 catat̄ł ejusd̄e Rob̄ in t̄ra illa
inventis. Et si quid residuū fūit de tens̃iis fc̃is in ead̄e
t̄ra illud similt̄ eidem Petro hr̃e pmittat. T. R̄. ap̄ Roffam,
xvj. die Noṽ.
Eodem modo mandat̅ est Vic̃ Bercsir̃ p̄ eod̄e de t̄ra qΪ fuit
Gileb̄ti fit̄ Reimfr̃ in Dunintoñ, t̄ de t̄ra qΪ fuit Ph̃ de Columbar̃
in Sac, qΪs dñs Rex eid̄ Pet̅o cōmisit qΪmdiu ei placūit.
T. eodem ibidem.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1215.
Terrae.
Mandatum est vicecomiti Suhamt’ quod habere facias Petro filio
Herberti terram quae fuit Roberti Mauduit in Hurtleg’ habendam quamdiu
domino Regi placuerit cum omnibus catallis ejusdem Roberti in terra
illa inventis. Et si quid residuum fuerit de tensiis factis in eadem
terra illud similiter eidem Petro habere permittat. Teste Rege apud
Roffam, xvj. die Novembris.
Eodem modo mandatum est vicecomiti Bercsir’ pro eodem de terra
quae fuit Gileberti filio Reinfredi in Duninton, et de terra quae fuit
Philippi de Columbar’ in Sac, quas dominus Rex eidem Petro commisit
quamdiu ei placuerit. Teste eodem ibidem.
which translates into English as:
1215.
Lands.
It is commanded to the sheriff of Southampton that he cause Peter
son of Herbert to have the land which belonged to Robert Mauduit in
Hartley, to be held as long as it shall please the lord king, together
with all the chattels of the same Robert found in that land. And if any
remainder should be left from the tenseries [military
protections/ransoms] made in the same land, he shall likewise permit the
same Peter to have it. Witnessed by the king at Rochester, the 16th day
of November.
In the same manner it is commanded to the sheriff of Berkshire
for the same [Peter], concerning the land which belonged to Gilbert fitz
Reinfried in Donnington, and concerning the land which belonged to
Philip de Columbers in Shaw, which the lord king has committed to the
same Peter as long as it shall please him. Witnessed by the same, at the
same place.
By April 1216, the First Barons' War was in full swing, with prince Louis of
France preparing to invade England. Peter acted as a mediator between the
crown and northern rebel magnates, empowered to receive the northern
representative, William de Ros, under royal safe-conduct. Interestingly,
William and Peter's daughter, Lucy FitzPiers, were married (was this before
or after 1216?).
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi
Asservati 1201-1216 vol 1 part 1 p175 (1835)
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1216.
REX Gaufrido de Nevill’ etc. Mandamus vobis quod
manucapiatis versus Robertum de Ros et Eustachium de Vescy quod si
Willelmus filius ipsius Roberti de Ros ad vos venerit: ipsum non
capiemus nec molestabimus nec et si venerit ad dilectum nostrum Petrum
filium Herberti. Immo ipsum Willelmum sine redempcione liberabimus
prefato Roberto de Ros patri ejus quietum. Et in hujus etc. vobis
mittimus. Teste me ipso apud Rading’, ix. die Aprilis, anno regni
nostri xvijmo.
Idem Willelmus filius Roberti de Ros habet litteras de conductu
in eundo ad dictum G. de Nevill’ scilicet ad Petrum filium Herberti.
Apud Rading’, ix. die Aprilis, anno etc.
which translates into English as:
1216.
The King to Geoffrey de Neville etc. We command you that you
become mainpernor [guarantor] toward Robert de Ros and Eustace de Vesci
that if William, the son of the same Robert de Ros, shall come to you:
we will not arrest him nor molest him, nor even if he shall come to our
beloved Peter son of Herbert. On the contrary, we will deliver the same
William without ransom quit [free] to the aforesaid Robert de Ros, his
father. And in [witness] of this etc. we send to you. Witness myself at
Reading, 9th day of April, in the 17th year of our reign.
The same William son of Robert de Ros has letters of conduct in
going to the said G. de Neville, that is to say to Peter son of Herbert.
At Reading, 9th day of April, year etc.
p177
This transcribes into regular Latin type
as:
1216.
Custodia puelle. REX Waltero Foliot et
Johanni de Wyghenholt Vicecomiti Berkesire salutem. Sciatis quod
commisimus dilecto et fideli nostro Petro filio Herberti Johannam
filiam Willelmi de Bocland’ custodiendam quamdiu nobis placuerit. Et
ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Petro vel certo nuncio ejus predictam
Johannam sine dilacione liberetis. Et in hujus etc. vobis mittimus.
Teste Rege apud Odiham, xv. die Aprilis, anno regni nostri xvijmo.
which translates into English as:
1216.
Custody of a girl. The King to Walter Foliot and John de
Wikenholt, Sheriff of Berkshire, greeting. Know ye that we have
committed to our beloved and faithful Peter son of Herbert, Joan,
daughter of William de Buckland, to be kept for as long as it shall
please us. And therefore we command you that to the same Peter or his
certain messenger you deliver the aforesaid Joan without delay. And in
[witness] of this etc. we send to you. Witness the king at Odiham, 15th
day of April, in the 17th year of our reign.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p262b (1833)
1216.
Mandatu’ est Constabuł Waling̃ qđ hr̃e fac̃ Petro fit̄
Herb̄ t̃ram qΪ fuit Wit̄łi Paẏnełł in Watlintoñ cū ptiñ qΪm dñs Rex
ei cōmisit. ℟ Ap̄ Odihā, xv. die Apr̅.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1216.
Mandatum est Constabulario Walingfordiae quod habere facias
Petro filio Herberti terram quae fuit Willelmi Paynell in Watlinton
cum pertinentiis quam dominus Rex ei commisit. Teste apud Odiham, xv.
die Aprilis.
which translates into English as:
1216.
It is commanded to the constable of Wallingford that you cause
Peter son of Herbert to have the land which belonged to William Paynel
in Watlington with its appurtenances, which the lord king has committed
to him. Witnessed at Odiham, the 15th day of April.
p266
1216.
REX Pet̅o de Maulaẏ t̃c̃.
Scias qd̄ cōmisim̄9 dilc̃o & fideli nr̃o Pet̅o
filio Herb̅ti t̃ram Ric̃i de Wrotham cū ptiñ [in
Haseber̃ & īo vob̃ mandam̄9 qd̄ ei īñ sñ dilōne pleñ
saisinā hr̃e fac̃.] T. me ip̅o apud Dovr̃, xxvij. die Ap̅it̄.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1216.
Rex Petro de Maulay etc. Sciatis quod commisimus dilecto et
fideli nostro Petro filio Herberti terram Ricardi de Wrotham cum
pertinentiis [in Haseber’ et ideo vobis mandamus quod ei inde sine
dilatione plenam seisinam habere facias.] Teste me ipso apud Dover,
xxvij. die Aprilis.
which translates into English as:
1216. The king to Peter de Maulay
greeting. Know ye that we have committed to our beloved and faithful
Peter son of Herbert the land of Richard de Wrotham with appurtenances
[in Haselbury and therefore we command you that you cause him to have
full seisin of it without delay.] Witnessed by myself at Dover, the 27th
day of April.
p272b
1216.
Tʼre.
REX Vic̃ Suhamt̃ t̃c̃. Scias qd̄
concessim̄9 dilc̃o & fideli nr̃o Petro fit̄ Herb̅ti
totam t̃ram qΪ fuit Walt̅i Crok in Septoñ que capta fuit in manu nr̃a
pp̅t̄ debitū Judōꭄ custodiendā qΪmdiu nob̃ placūit. Et īo tibi
p̄cipim̄9 qΪ eid̄ Petro plenā saisinā īñ hr̃e fac̃. T. me
ip̅o ap̄ Wintoñ, xxix. die Maii.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1216.
Terrae.
Rex vicecomiti Suhamt’ etc. Scias quod concessimus dilecto et
fideli nostro Petro filio Herberti totam terram quae fuit Walteri Crok
in Septon quae capta fuit in manu nostra propter debitum Judaeorum
custodiendam quamdiu nobis placuerit. Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod
eidem Petro plenam seisinam inde habere facias. Teste me ipso apud
Winton’ [Wincon’], xxix. die Maii.
which translates into English as:
1216.
Lands.
The king to the sheriff of Southampton greeting. Know ye that we
have granted to our beloved and faithful Peter son of Herbert all the
land which belonged to Walter Crok in Shipton, which was taken into our
hand on account of a debt to the Jews, to be held in custody as long as
it shall please us. And therefore we command you that you cause the same
Peter to have full seisin of it. Witnessed by myself at Winchester, the
29th day of May.
p273b
1216.
De feodis dat̃.
MANDATU’ est Viã̃ Vic̃b’ Oxoñ,
Glouã̃, Buking̃ & Hertford̄ qđ hr̃e fac̃ Petro fit̄ Her̄bti om̄ia
feoda inimicoꭄ dñi Reg̃ que ip̅i de eodem P. ten̅unt in Bailliis suis.
T. ut supius [R̄. iã̅o apud Wintoñ, xxxj. die Maii].
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1216.
De feodis datis.
Mandatum est vicecomitibus Oxon’, Glouc’, Buking’ et Hertford’
quod habere facias Petro filio Herberti omnia feoda inimicorum domini
Regis quae ipsi de eodem P. tenent in bailliis suis. Teste ut superius
[Rege ipso apud Wintoniam, xxxj. die Maii].
which translates into English as:
1216.
Concerning fees given.
It is commanded to the sheriffs of Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire,
Buckinghamshire, and Hertfordshire that you cause Peter son of Herbert
to have all the fees of the enemies of our lord the king which they hold
of the same P[eter] within your bailiwicks. Witnessed as above [by the
king himself at Winchester, the 31st day of May].
Prince Louis of France invaded England with a massive army and took control
of London. Seeing king John cornered, a huge wave of his core counselors
(including the king's own half-brother, William Longespée, earl of
Salisbury) realized the royal cause was doomed and defected to the
French-baronial alliance. Peter, who had been firmly loyal to king John
though the Magna Carta and siege of Winchester followed them into the rebel
camp. In response, a furious king John retaliated, stripping the "traitor"
Peter of his midland ancestral lands at Alcester and turning them over to
the loyalist captain William de Camville.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p280 (1833)
1216.
MAND’ est Vic̃ Warr̃ qđ hr̃e fac̃ Witto de
Cāpvitt t̃ram q̃ fuit Peti fit Herbti in Alencestr̃ cū
om̄ibz ptiñ suis hndam
qamdiu dño Regi placūit ni vatat p annū plusqa
xij. libr̃. T. Reg̃ apud Blancmustr̃, vj. die Aug̃.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1216.
Mandatum est vicecomiti Warwici quod habere faciat Willelmo de
Camvilla terram quae fuit Petri filii Herberti in Alencestre cum
omnibus pertinentiis suis habendam quamdiu domino Regi placuerit nisi
valeat per annum plusquam xij. libras. Teste Rege apud Blancmustre,
vj. die Augusti.
which translates into English as:
1216.
It is commanded to the sheriff of Warwickshire that you cause
William de Camville to have the land which belonged to Peter son of
Herbert in Alcester with all its appurtenances, to be held as long as it
shall please the lord king, unless it is worth more than 12 pounds per
year. Witnessed by the king at Blancmustre [Whitchurch/Oswestry], the
6th day of August.
As a further consequence of Peter's rebellion, all his lands were
temporarily ("as long as it shall please us") confiscated in March 1217 by
the regent of the young Henry III in favour of the king's half-brother,
Oliver. In April the regent, Earl Marshal, offered Peter a truce encouraging
him to abandon the rebellion and Peter returned to crown allegiance before
the decisive Battle
of Lincoln against prince Louis.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1216-1225
pp42-43 (1901)
1217.
… De terra concessa.—Rex omnibus militibus, libere tenentibus
et aliis de terris Petri filii Herberti, ubicumque terre ille fuerint,
salutem. Sciatis quod commisimus, quamdiu nobis placuerit, dilecto
fratri nostro, Olivero filio Regis, totam terram que fuit Petri filii
Herberti, ubicumque fuerit, cum omnibus pertinenciis suis, ad se
sustentandum in servicio nostro. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem
Olivero in omnibus sitis intendentes et respondentes. Et in hujus rei
testimonium etc. vobis inde mittimus. Teste eodem.
De eodem.—Rex omnibus has litteras inspecturis,
salutem. Sciatis quod concessimus dilecto fratri nostro, Olivero filio
Regis, quamdiu nobis placuerit, totam terram que fuit Petri filii
Herberti, cum omnibus pertinenciis suis, ad se sustentandum in
servicio nostro. Et in hujus rei testimonium has litteras nostras
patentes etc. eidem Olivero fieri fecimus. Teste eodem comite, apud
Wintoniam, xx die Marcii, anno regni nostri primo.
This roughly translates as:
1217. … Concerning Land Granted.—The King to all knights, free
tenants, and others holding the lands of Peter son of Herbert, wherever
those lands may be, greeting. Know ye that we have committed, for as
long as it shall please us, to our beloved brother Oliver, son of the
King, the whole land which belonged to Peter son of Herbert, wherever it
may be, with all its appurtenances, for his maintenance in our service.
And therefore we command you that you be intentive and respondent to the
same Oliver in all things. And in testimony of this matter, etc., we
send this to you. Witnessed by the same.
Concerning the Same.—The King to all who shall look upon
these letters, greeting. Know ye that we have granted to our beloved
brother Oliver, son of the King, for as long as it shall please us, the
whole land which belonged to Peter son of Herbert, with all its
appurtenances, for his maintenance in our service. And in testimony of
this matter, we have caused these our letters patent to be made for the
same Oliver. Witnessed by the same Earl [of Pembroke] at Winchester, the
20th day of March, in the first year of our reign.
p110
1217.
Rex nobilibus viris, W. comite Arundell, Petro filio
Herberti, Willelmo de Sancto Johanne, et ceteris inprisiis suis,
spiritum consilii sanioris. Sciatis quod bene volumus quod habeatis
terminum et treugam in eadem forma quam nobis significastis per
venerabiles patres nostros, dominum J. Bathoniensem et Glastoniensem
et R. Cicestrensem, episcopos, et Alanum Basset et Thomam de Erdinton,
usque ad diem Lune proximam ante festum Sancti Marci Ewangeliste, anno
regni nostri primo. Et vobis mandamus quod ex parte vestra et
inprisiorum vestrorum pacem interim teneatis terris nostris et terris
inprisiorum nostrorum. Et in hujus rei testimonium, has litteras
nostras. Et in hujus rei testimonium etc. (sic) vobis inde
mittimus. Teste comite, apud Wintoniam, viij. die Aprilis, anno regni
nostri primo.
1217.
The King to the noble men, W. Earl of Arundel, Peter son of
Herbert, William de St. John, and the rest of their partisans
[adherents], [wishing them] the spirit of wiser counsel. Know ye that we
willingly grant that you may have a truce and truce-term in the same
form as you indicated to us through our venerable fathers, the lord
J[ocelin], bishop of Bath and Glastonbury, and R[anulf], bishop of
Chichester, and Alan Basset and Thomas de Erdington, until the Monday
next before the feast of Saint Mark the Evangelist, in the first year of
our reign [24 April 1217]. And we command you that on your part and on
the part of your partisans you maintain peace in the meantime with our
lands and the lands of our partisans. And in testimony of this matter,
these our letters. And in testimony of this matter etc. (sic) we
send to you thereof. Witness the Earl [Marshal], at Winchester, 8th day
of April, in the first year of our reign.
By accepting the pardon offer from the crown and returning to royalist
allegiance, Peter regained his original lands as well as some of the lands
given to him temporarily after their confiscation from other rebel barons in
1215.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p314 (1833)
1217.
PETR’ fit̄ Herb̅ti rediit ad pacē &
s̅viciū dñi Regis & mand̄ e̅ Vic̃ Glouc̃, Warewic̃, Wiltisir̃,
Eboꭄ sicud px̧i̧o supius [qđ faciant ei h̅re talē saisinā de ōmibz
t̅ris c̅ ptiñ suis in Baillia sua qualē inde h̅uit die qa
recessit a fide & s̅vico dñi J. Regis pr̃is Henr̅ R̃]. T. Com̅ apđ
Strigoyľ, t̅cio decimo die Juł.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1217.
Petrus filius Herberti rediit ad pacem et servicium domini
Regis et mandatum est vicecomitibus Gloucestrie, Warewici, Wiltisire,
Eboraci sicut proximo superius [quod faciant ei habere talem saisinam
de omnibus terris cum pertinentiis suis in baillia sua qualem inde
habuit die qua recessit a fide et servicio domini Johannis Regis
patris Henrici Regis]. Teste Comite apud Strigoyl, tercio decimo die
Julii.
which translates into English as:
1217.
Peter son of Herbert has returned to the peace and service of our
lord the king, and it is commanded to the sheriffs of Gloucestershire,
Warwickshire, Wiltshire, [and] Yorkshire, in the same manner as next
above [that they cause him to have such seisin of all his lands with
their appurtenances within their bailiwick as he held on the day when he
withdrew from the faith and service of lord king John, father of king
Henry]. Witnessed by the Earl at Chepstow [Strigoyl], the thirteenth day
of July.
p316
1217.
REX ven̄abli pat̅i in Xp̅o P. ead̄e gr̃a
Wintoñ Ep̄o sat̃ł. Sciatis qđ Petr̅9 filius Herb̅ti rediit
ad fid̄ē & serviciū ñrm. Et iđo võb mandam̄9 qđ sine
dil̅ōne talē saisinā ei h̅re faciatis de mañio de Estleǧ quod est de
feodo suo & de mañio de Hurtleǧ quod fuit Rob̄ti Maudut; qΪlem
īñ h̅uit die qa recessit a serviã̃o dñi Reg̃ J. pat̅is
ñri. Et q’a nōdū h̅uim̄9 sigillū t̃c̃a. T. Coñ ut p̧x̧o
supa [apud Oxoñ, xxiiij̅o. die Juł].
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1217.
Rex venerabili patri in Christo P[etro] eadem gratia
Wintoniensi Episcopo salutem. Sciatis quod Petrus filius Herberti
rediit ad fidem et servicium nostrum. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod sine
dilatione talem saisinam ei habere faciatis de manerio de Estlegh quod
est de feodo suo et de manerio de Hurtlegh quod fuit Roberti Mauduit;
qualem inde habuit die qua recessit a servicio domini Regis Johannis
patris nostri. Et quia nondum habuimus sigillum etcetera. Teste Comite
ut proximo supra [apud Oxoniam, xxiiij°. die Julii].
which translates into English as:
1217.
The King to the venerable father in Christ, P[eter des Roches],
by the same grace Bishop of Winchester, greeting. Know ye that Peter son
of Herbert has returned to our faith and service. And therefore we
command you that without delay you cause him to have such seisin
[possession] of the manor of Eastley which is of his fee, and of the
manor of Hartley which belonged to Robert Mauduit: as he held thereof on
the day when he withdrew from the service of lord King John, our father.
And since we have not yet a seal, etc. Witnessed by the Earl as next
above [at Oxford, the 24th day of July].
p320b
1217.
REX Regiñ de Brewos̃ sat̃ł. Mandam̄9
võb qđ sñ dil̅ōne pleñã saisinā h̅re faciatis dilc̃o & fideli
ñro Pet̅o filio Herb̅ti qui ad fidem & serviciū ñrm
est de cast̅ls & t̅ris suis cū ptiñ in Ballia vr̃a. T. Com̅ apđ
Certeš, ix̅o. die Sept̃.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1217.
Rex Reginaldo de Brewos salutem. Mandamus vobis quod sine
dilatione plenam saisinam habere faciatis dilecto et fideli nostro
Petro filio Herberti, qui ad fidem et servicium nostrum est, de
castris et terris suis cum pertinentiis in Ballia vestra. Teste Comite
apud Certes’, ix°. die Septembris.
which translates into English as:
1217.
The King to Reginald de Braose greeting. We command you that
without delay you cause our beloved and faithful Peter son of Herbert,
who is in our faith and service, to have full seisin of his castles and
lands with appurtenances within your bailiwick. Witnessed by the Earl at
Chertsey, the 9th day of September.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p490 (1833)
1222.
D’ fil’ & h̃ede Johis fil’ Hugōis.
MANDAT’ est P. fit̄ Hereb̄ qđ filiū & heredē
Joh̃is fit̄ Hugōis qⁱ mortuus est qui est ī custodia sua, & cuj9
custodia ad dñm Regē ptinet rōne tenem̃ti qđ ip̃e de dño Rege tenuit
ī capite: h̅re faciat H. de Burgo Justic̃. T. H. tc̃. ap̃ Skenefrith,
vij. die Marc̃.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1222.
De filio et herede Johannis filii Hugonis.
Mandatum est P[etro] filio Herberti quod filium et heredem
Johannis filii Hugonis qui mortuus est, qui est in custodia sua, et
cujus custodia ad dominum Regem pertinet ratione tenementi quod ipse
de domino Rege tenuit in capite: habere faciat H[uberto] de Burgo
Justiciario. Teste H[uberto] etcetera apud Skenefrith, vij. die
Marcii.
which translates into English as:
1222.
Concerning the son and heir of John fitz Hugh.
It is commanded to P[eter] son of Herbert that the son and heir
of John fitz Hugh, who is dead, and who is in his custody, and whose
wardship belongs to our lord the King by reason of the tenement which he
held of our lord the King in chief: he cause H[ubert] de Burgh, the
Justiciar, to have him. Witnessed by H[ubert] etc. at Skenfrith, the 7th
day of March.
p616
1224.
D’ pdoñ xxx. marc̃.
REX Bar̃ de Scªc̃io sat̃ł. Sciatis qđ pdonavim9
Petrᵒ fit̃ H’eb̃ti xxx. m̃. quas nob̃ [debet] de fine xl. m̃. quē
nob̃c̃ fecit p h̃nda custodia t̃re & h̃edis Joh̃ fit̃ Hug̃. Et io
vo𝔷 mandam9 qđ de itt xxx. m̃. ip̃m Petrū q’etū ee
faciatis. T. R̃. ap̃ Bed̃, xvj. die Aug̃, anno viij. Corā Justic̃.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1224.
De pardonatione xxx. marcarum.
Rex Baronibus de Scaccario salutem. Sciatis quod pardonavimus
Petro filio Herberti xxx. marcas quas nobis [debet] de fine xl.
marcarum quem nobiscum fecit pro habenda custodia terrae et heredis
Johannis filii Hugonis. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod de illis xxx.
marcis ipsum Petrum quietum esse faciatis. Teste Rege apud Bedfordiam,
xvj. die Augusti, anno octavo. Coram Justiciario.
which translates into English as:
1224.
Concerning the pardon of 30 marks.
The King to the barons of the exchequer, greeting. Know ye that
we have pardoned to Peter son of Herbert 30 marks, which he [owes] us of
a fine of 40 marks which he made with us for having the wardship of the
land and heir of John fitz Hugh. And therefore we command you that,
concerning those 30 marks, you cause the same Peter to be quit thereof.
Witnessed by the King at Bedford, the 16th day of August, in the eighth
year. Before the Justiciar.
Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1224-1227 vol 2 pp78b-79 (1844)
1225.
Norh̃t̃ p Petᵒ fit H’ebti.
REX Martino de Patesh̃ & soc̃ suis tc̃. ī
Cōm Norh̃t̃. Mandam9 voβ qđ assisā de morte antecess̃ q̃
sūmonita est corā voβ int̃ Hug̃ de Mortuo Mari pet̃ & Petum
fit Hereβ cuj9 fit pⁱmogenit9 est ī s̃vic̃o
nr̃o ī Wascoñ cũ Ric̃ fr̃e nr̃o p p̃cep̃t̃ nr̃m & Isabełł ux̃
ejus teñ de tⁱbus carucatis t̃re cũ ptiñ ī Langebergh̃: ponatis ī
resp̃cm usqꭄ ad adveñ alioꝝ Justic̃ ī ptes illas. T. R̃. ap̃
Windles̃, xxix. die Juł.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1225.
Northampton. Pro Petro filio Herberti.
Rex Martino de Pateshull et sociis suis etc. in comitatu
Northampton. Mandamus vobis quod assisam de morte antecessoris quae
summonita est coram vobis inter Hugonem de Mortuo Mari petentem, et
Petrum filium Hereberti, cujus filius primogenitus est in servicio
nostro in Wasconia cum Ricardo fratre nostro per praeceptum nostrum,
et Isabellam uxorem ejus tenentes, de tribus carucatis terrae cum
pertinentiis in Langebergh: ponatis in respectum usque ad adventum
aliorum Justiciariorum in partes illas. Teste Rege apud Windlesoram,
xxix. die Julii.
which translates into English as:
1225.
Northamptonshire. For Peter son of Herbert.
The King to Martin de Pateshull and his associates, [justices]
etc. in the county of Northampton. We command you that the assize of
mort d'ancestor which is summoned before you between Hugh de Mortimer,
plaintiff, and Peter son of Herbert, whose eldest son is in our service
in Gascony with Richard our brother by our command, and Isabella his
wife, tenants, concerning three carucates of land with appurtenances in
Longborough: you put in respite [postpone] until the arrival of other
Justices into those parts. Witnessed by the King at Windsor, the 29th
day of July.
p155b
1226.
MAND’ est M. de Patesh̃ & soc̃ suis assigatis
ī Cōm Eboꝝ qđ ad petic̃oem Petⁱ fit Hereb̃ti om̃s assisas tā ultie
presētac̃ois qa nove dissais̃, qas id̃ Petr9
arainiavit ṽs9 Priorē de Sc̃o Oswaldo & Thom̃ de
Lintuñ & Joh̃em de Arcune ī Cōm Eboꝝ ponāt ī respectū usq̃ ad
pximū reditū suū ap̃ Westm̃. T. R̄. ap̃ Westm̃, iiij. die
Octobꝝ.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1226.
Mandatum est M[artino] de Pateshull et sociis suis assignatis
in comitatu Eboraci quod ad petitionem Petri filii Hereberti omnes
assisas tam ultimae praesentacionis quam novae disseisinae, quas idem
Petrus arainiavit versus Priorem de Sancto Oswaldo et Thomam de Linton
et Johannem de Arcune in comitatu Eboraci ponant in respectum usque ad
proximum reditum suum apud Westmonasterium. Teste Rege apud
Westmonasterium, iiij. die Octobris.
which translates into English as:
1226.
It is commanded to M[artin] de Pateshull and his associates,
[Justices] assigned in the county of York, that at the petition of Peter
son of Herbert, they put in respite [postpone] all assizes, as well of
darrein presentment [last presentation to a church] as of novel
disseisin [recent unlawful eviction], which the same Peter has arraigned
against the Prior of St. Oswald, and Thomas de Linton, and John de
Arcune in the county of York, until his next return to Westminster.
Witnessed by the King at Westminster, the 4th day of October.
p178b
1227.
p̃ Petᵒ fit̄ Hereb̄.
MAND’ est H. de Nevit̄ qđ pmittat Petrū fit Hereb̄
cape x. damas & tres broket̃ in foresta de Saṽnac de dono dñi
R̃. nisi eos alias h̃uit p p̃cept̃ dñi R̃. T. R̃. ap̃ Westm̃, xxvj.
die Marc̃.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1227.
Pro Petro filio Hereberti.
Mandatum est H[ugoni] de Neville quod permittat Petrum filium
Hereberti capere x. damas et tres broketos in foresta de Savernake de
dono domini Regis, nisi eos alias habuit per praeceptum domini Regis.
Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, xxvj. die Marcii.
which translates into English as:
1227.
For Peter son of Herbert.
It is commanded to H[ugh] de Neville that he permit Peter son of Herbert
to take 10 doe deer and three brockets [young red deer stags] in the
forest of Savernake, as a gift of the lord King, unless he has had them
elsewhere by command of the lord King. Witnessed by the King at
Westminster, the 26th day of March.
p186b
1227.
p Petrᵒ fit̃ Hereb̃ti.
REX Vic̃ Suhāpt̃ [sat̃ł]. Ostendit nob̃ dilc̃s
& fidēł nr̃ Petr9 fit̃ H’rβti qđ cũ tenuisset qundā
t̃rā ī Werdlehā que est de feodo suo & eā pacifice posedisset,
tu ppʼa aucte tua de gªngia ip̃ius serā qua firmata fuit
amovisti & serā tuā apposuisti ijuste ip̃m de t̃ra p̃dc̃a
disseisiendo ut dic̃. De quo qⁱdē si ita fũit valde miramr.
Et īo tⁱ p̃cipim9 qđ p visū pboꝝ & leg̃ hoīū bladū
ī gªngia p̃dc̃a īvẽtū appciari facias & p p̃cio illo eidẽ
Petᵒ bladū ittđ dimittas, nob̃ sñ ditōne p littas tuas sig̃catur9
qua occōne de p̃dc̃is sñ p̃cepto ñro tat̃r te int̃misisti. T. me
ip̃o ap̃ Westm̃, xxij. die Maii.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1227.
Pro Petro filio Hereberti.
Rex vicecomiti Suhamt’ [salutem]. Ostendit nobis dilectus et fidelis
noster Petrus filius Herberti quod cum tenuisset quandam terram in
Werdleham quae est de feodo suo et eam pacifice possedisset, tu
propria auctoritate tua de grangia ipsius seram qua firmata fuit
amovisti et seram tuam apposuisti injuste ipsum de terra praedicta
disseisiendo ut dicitur. De quo quidem si ita fuerit valde miramur. Et
ideo tibi praecipimus quod per visum proborum et legalium hominum
bladum in grangia praedicta inventum appreciari facias et pro precio
illo eidem Petro bladum illud dimittas, nobis sine dilatione per
litteras tuas significaturus qua occasione de praedictis sine
praecepto nostro taliter te intromisisti. Teste me ipso apud
Westmonasterium, xxij. die Maii.
which translates into English as:
1227.
For Peter son of Herbert.
The King to the sheriff of Southampton [Hampshire] greeting. Our beloved
and faithful Peter son of Herbert has shown to us that, whereas he had
held a certain land in Worldham which is of his fee and had peacefully
possessed it, you, by your own authority, removed from his grange the
lock with which it was fastened, and affixed your own lock, unjustly
disseising him of the aforesaid land, as it is said. Concerning which
matter, if it indeed be so, we marvel greatly. And therefore we command
you that, by the view of upright and lawful men, you cause the grain
found in the aforesaid grange to be appraised, and for that price you
release that grain to the same Peter, certifying to us without delay by
your letters by what occasion you intermeddled yourself in such a manner
in the aforesaid matters without our command. Witnessed by myself at
Westminster, the 22nd day of May.
p190
1227.
p̃ Petᵒ fit̄ Hereb̄.
MAND’ est Rogo de Clifford̄ qđ pmittat Petrū filiū
Hereb̃ti cape duos c̃vos in foresta de Dene de dono dñi R̄. T. R̄. ap̅
Westm̃, xx. die Juñ, anno xj̅o.
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1227.
Pro Petro filio Hereberti.
Mandatum est Rogo de Clifford quod permittat Petrum filium Hereberti
capere duos cervos in foresta de Dene de dono domini Regis. Teste Rege
apud Westmonasterium, xx. die Junii, anno undecimo.
which translates into English as:
1227.
For Peter son of Herbert.
It is commanded to Roger de Clifford that he permit Peter son of Herbert
to take two stags in the forest of Dean, as a gift of our lord the King.
Witnessed by the King at Westminster, the 20th day of June, in the
eleventh year.
p200
1227.
p Decano & Capitulo Rotom̃.
DECANUS & Capitulū Rotomag̃ de licenc̃ dñi
R̄. retornent se ī ass̃ nove diss̃ quā arainiavnt ṽs9
Petrū fit̃ H’eb̃ de teñ ī villa Sc̃e Marie de Ot̃rẏ unde amicabit̃r
ut dix̃nt int̃ eos cōvenit. Et mand̃ est Henr̃ de Trªcẏ
& soc̃ suis Justic̃ inde 9stitutis qđ p̃dc̃am ass̃ remañe &
ip̃os Dec̃ & Capitul̃ & pt̃ suos de p̃s quietos ẽe faciant.
T. ut sª [R̄. ap̃ Windles̃, viij. die Sept̃].
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
1227.
Pro Decano et Capitulo Rotomagensi.
Decanus et Capitulum Rotomagenses de licencia domini Regis retornerunt
se in assisa novae disseisinae quam arainiaverunt versus Petrum filium
Herberti de tenemento in villa Sanctae Mariae de Otry unde
amicabiliter ut dixerunt inter eos convenit. Et mandatum est Henrico
de Tracy et sociis suis Justiciariis inde constitutis quod praedictam
assisam remanere et ipsos Decanum et Capitulum et plegios suos de
misericordia quietos esse faciant. Teste ut supra [Rege apud
Windlesoram, viij. die Septembris].
which translates into English as:
1227.
For the Dean and Chapter of Rouen.
The Dean and Chapter of Rouen, by license of our lord the King, have
withdrawn themselves from the assize of novel disseisin [recent unlawful
eviction] which they had arraigned against Peter son of Herbert
concerning a tenement in the vill of St. Mary of Ottery [Ottery St.
Mary], whereof it has been amicably agreed between them, as they have
said.And it is commanded to Henry de Tracy and his associates, Justices
appointed for this matter, that they cause the aforesaid assize to be
stayed, and cause the same Dean and Chapter, and their guarantors, to be
quit of amercement [court fines]. Witnessed as above [the King at
Windsor, the 8th day of September].
Peter was given deer by the king to stock his deer park at Leckhampstead, a
manor he inherited from his mother.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 pp32-33
(1902)
1228.
De damis datis.—Mandatum
est Hugoni de Nevill’ quod habere faciat Petro filio Hereberti sex
damos in foresta nostra de Merleberg’, ponendos in parco suo de
Lechamsted’, de dono nostro. Teste rege apud Rading’, iiij die
Aprilis.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning
buck deer given.—It is commanded to Hugh de Neville that he cause
Peter son of Herbert to have six buck deer in our forest of Marlborough,
to be placed in his park of Leckhampstead, as our gift. Witnessed by the
king at Reading, the 4th day of April.
Calendar of the Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257 p72
(1903)
1228. April 20.
Westminster.
Grant to
Peter son of Herbert of warren for the fox, the hare and the roe in his
land of Wulfreton, Akele, Hampton and in the hundred of Clere.
This entry refers to the Hospital of St. John the Baptist at Lechlade, which
Peter formally founded in the 1220s, next to the primary bridge over the
River Thames. In the 13th century, a "hospital" was an ecclesiastical
almshouse and chapel complex run by an Augustinian prior and monks, built to
offer free shelter, medical care, and food to poor travelers, pilgrims, and
local infirm unfortunates. Because Peter had built the bridge and its raised
earthen approach causeway, he wanted to erect a formal gate structure
directly in front of his new hospital. The king approves the project on the
condition that the gate must remain permanently open and clear to everyday
commercial traffic, ensuring that pedestrians, mounted knights, and heavy
trade wagons can cross the Thames freely without extortion or obstruction.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 p82
(1902)
1228.
Pro Petro filio Hereberti.—Mandatum
est vicecomiti Gloucestrie quod permittat Petrum filium Hereberti
levare quandam portam super calcetam pontis Lechelad’ coram hospitali
quod ibidem construxit, salva transeuntibus, tam peditibus quam
equitibus et carectis, absque impedimento communi via sua. Teste rege
apud Kery, xxvij die Septembris.
This roughly translates as:
For
Peter son of Herbert.—It is commanded to the sheriff of
Gloucestershire that he permit Peter son of Herbert to erect a certain
gate upon the causeway of the bridge of Lechlade in front of the
hospital which he has constructed there, saving to those passing by, as
well pedestrians as horsemen and carts, without impediment to their
common way. Witnessed by the king at Kerry, the 27nd day of September.
p156
1229.
Pro Petro filio Hereberti.—Quia
protestatum est coram rege quod Petrus filius Hereberti habuit milites
suos cum domino J. rege in ultimo itinere suo in Pictavia, mandatum
est baronibus de Scaccario quod de sex marcis que ab eodem Petro
exiguntur per summonitionem Scaccarii de scutagio predicti itineris,
ipsum Petrum quietum esse faciant. Teste ut supra [rege apud
Croinden’, xxiij die Februarii].
This roughly translates as:
For
Peter son of Herbert.—Because it has been testified before the
king that Peter son of Herbert had his knights with lord King John, in
his last journey in Poitou [in 1214], it is commanded to the barons of
the exchequer that, concerning the six marks which are exacted from the
same Peter by summons of the exchequer for the scutage of the aforesaid
journey; they cause the same Peter to be quit thereof. Witnessed as
above [the king at Croydon, the 23rd day of February].
In 1229, Peter prepared to participate in Henry III's unsuccessful military
expedition to France to support a revolt against the young king of France,
Louis IX. The expedition failed to leave Portsmouth in its planned October
1229 departure from Portsmouth due to logistics failures and only departed
the following April.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 p311
(1901)
1229.
Rex omnibus ballivis etc.
salutem. Mandamus vobis quod manuteneatis, protegatis et defendatis
homines, terras, res, redditus et possessiones dilecti et fidelis
nostri Petri filii Hereberti, qui profectus est nobiscum ad partes
transmarinas per preceptum nostrum; non inferentes eis vel inferri
permittentes injuriam, molestiam, dampnum aut gravamen, quamdiu fuerit
nobiscum in partibus transmarinis per preceptum nostrum; et si quid
eis forisfactum fuerit, id eis sine dilatione faciatis emendari. Teste
me ipso, apud Portesmue, xix die Octobris, anno regni nostri xiij.
This roughly translates as:
The
King to all bailiffs etc., greeting. We command you that you maintain,
protect, and defend the men, lands, things, rents, and possessions of
our beloved and faithful Peter son of Herbert, who has set out with us
to parts beyond the seas by our command; not bringing upon them, nor
permitting to be brought upon them, injury, molestation, damage, or
grievance, for as long as he shall be with us in parts beyond the seas
by our command; and if anything shall have been forfeited [done amiss]
against them, you shall cause it to be amended to them without delay.
Witness myself, at Portsmouth, 19th day of October, in the 13th year
of our reign.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 p265
(1902)
1229.
De damis datis.
… Mandatum est Galfrido Esturmy quod habere faciat Petro filio
Hereberti x damas et duos brokettos in balliva sua de dono regis,
ponendos in quodam parco suo. Teste ut supra [rege apud Oxoniam, xviij
die Novembris].
This roughly translates as:
For
Peter son of Herbert.
… It is commanded to Geoffrey Esturmy that he cause Peter son of Herbert
to have 10 doe deer and two brockets [young red deer stags] within his
bailiwick, as a gift of the king, to be placed in a certain park of his.
Witnessed as above [the king at Oxford, the 18th day of November].
p273
1229.
De roboribus datis.—Mandatum
est Hasculfo de Nevill’ quod habere faciat Petro filio Hereberti v
vetera robora de dono regis in balliva sua ad focum suum. Teste rege
apud Croxton’, xiij die Decembris.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning oak trees given.—It is commanded to Hasculf de Neville
that he cause Peter son of Herbert to have 5 old oak logs as a gift of
the king within his bailiwick for his hearth [firewood]. Witnessed by
the king at Croxton, the 13th day of December.
In 1230 Peter went with king Henry
III on his expedition to Brittany. Ongoing lawsuits against Peter were
halted while he was in the king's service.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 pp333-334
(1902)
1230.
De loquelis ponendis in respectum.—Mandatum est justiciariis de
Banco quod loquelam que est coram eis apud Westmonasterium inter
Willelmum de Gamag’, petentem, qui profectus est cum rege ad partes
transmarinas, et Osbertum Smeth’, Walterum de Strafford’, Robertum de
Strafford’, Radulfum le Pelerin, et Oliverum de Eton’, tenentes de
terra in Eton’, ponant in respectum quamdiu idem Willelmus fuerit in
partibus transmarinis etc. Teste ut supra [me ipso apud Portesmue, xix
die Aprilis, anno regni nostri xiiij].
…
Eodem modo scribitur—justiciariis de Banco pro Gileberto Basset
…eisdem pro Petro filio Hereberti de loquela que est inter Fulconem
filium Warini petentem, et eum tenentem, de manerio de Staunton’,
ponenda in respectum etc.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning lawsuits to be put in respite.—It is commanded to the
justices of the Bench that the lawsuit which is before them at
Westminster between William de Gamages, plaintiff, who has set out with
the king to parts overseas, and Osbert Smith, Walter de Strafford,
Robert de Strafford, Ralph le Pelerin, and Oliver de Eaton, tenants,
concerning land in Eaton: they put in respite for as long as the same
William shall be in parts overseas etc. Witnessed as above [myself at
Portsmouth, on the 19th day of April, in the 14th year of our reign].
… In the same manner it is written—To the justices of the Bench for
Gilbert Basset …To the same [justices] for Peter son of Herbert,
concerning the lawsuit which is between Fulk fitz Warin, plaintiff, and
him [Peter], tenant, concerning the manor of Stanton [Staunton’], to be
put in respite etc.
Meanwhile Peter was also expected to deal with the capture and ransoming of
William
de Braose by Llywelyn
in Wales, specifically by taking control of de Braose's castles in the area
to prevent them falling into Welsh hands. This responsibility was soon
handed off as Peter was required on the Brittany expedition which departed
on 30 April.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 p336
(1901)
1230.
De castris Willelmi
de Braosa.—Rex constabulario W. de Braosa de Radenour, salutem.
Datum est nobis intelligi quod L. princeps Norwallie cepit W. de
Braosa, dominum vestrum, et detinet imprisonatum, unde plurimum
dolemus et cujus deliberationem valde desideramus. Quia igitur tam
nobis quam ipsi domino vestro expedit ut castra sua interim salvo
custodiantur, vobis mandamus, firmiter injungentes in fide qua nobis
tenemini, quatinus castrum de Radenour liberetis dilectis et fidelibus
nostris Petro filio Hereberti et Johanni de Monemue, quibus illud
commisimus custodiendum ad securitatem nostram et ipsius domini
vestri, donec Dominus eum liberaverit. Teste ut supra [me ipso, apud
Portesmue, xx die Aprilis, anno regni nostri xiiij].
Eodem modo scribitur constabulario de Haya, et constabulario de
Huntinton, et constabulario de Brechinnijo, et constabulario de
Bergeveny.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning
the castles of William de Braose.—The King to the constable of
W. de Braose of Radnor, greeting. It has been given us to understand
that L[lywelyn], prince of North Wales, has captured W[illiam]. de
Braose, your lord, and detains him imprisoned, whereat we grieve
exceedingly and whose release we greatly desire. Because therefore it
is expedient both to us and to your lord himself that his castles be
safely kept in the meantime, we command you, firmly enjoining in the
faith by which you are bound to us, that you deliver the castle of
Radnor to our beloved and faithful Peter son of Herbert and John of
Monmouth, to whom we have committed it to be kept for our security and
that of your lord himself, until the Lord shall set him free. Witness
as above [by my own hand, at Portsmouth, on the 20th day of April, in
the 14th year of our reign].
In the same manner it is written to the constable of Hay, and
to the constable of Huntington, and to the constable of Brecon, and to
the constable of Abergavenny.
p339
1230.
De terris et castris
Willelmi de Braosa.—Rex commisit W. comiti Marescallo omnes
terras et tenementa et castra Willelmi de Braosa cum omnibus
pertinenciis suis quamdiu in prisona fuerit, custodienda ad
indempnitatem et commodum ipsius Willelmi et ad respondendum ipsi
Willelmo de exitibus eorum quamcitius a prisona fuerit liberatus. Et
mandatum est constabulario de Bergeveny quod castrum illud cum omnibus
terris ipsius Willelmi in manu et custodia sua existentibus, predicto
comiti sine dilatione liberet, non obstante precepto regis quod prius
fecit de terris et castris ipsius Willelmi, Petro filio Hereberti et
Johanni de Monemue committendis et salvo custodiendis. In cujus rei
etc. Teste rege, apud Portesmue, xxvij die Aprilis.
Eodem modo scribitur constabulariis:—
de Toten[eis].
de Stratmelthin.
de Brechennio.
de Sancto Claro.
de Huntindon.
da Haya.
de Radenor.
Ballivo de Kingeslen et Erleslen.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning
the lands and castles of William de Braose.—The King has
committed to W[illiam], Earl Marshal, all the lands and tenements and
castles of William de Braose with all their appurtenances for as long
as he shall be in prison, to be kept for the indemnity and advantage
of the same William and to answer to the same William for the issues
[revenues] thereof as soon as he shall be delivered from prison. And
it is commanded to the constable of Abergavenny that he deliver that
castle without delay to the aforesaid earl, together with all the
lands of the same William existing in his hand and custody,
notwithstanding the king's command which he previously made concerning
committing and safely keeping the lands and castles of the same
William to Peter son of Herbert and John of Monmouth. In [witness] of
which thing etc. Witness the king, at Portsmouth, 27th day of April.
In the same manner it is written to the constables:
of Totnes.
of Ystradfellte (Stratmelthin).
of Brecon.
of St. Clears.
of Huntington.
of Hay.
of Radnor.
To the bailiff of Kingsland and Eardisland.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1227-1231 p557
(1902)
1231.
Pro Fulcone filio Warini.—Mandatum est justiciariis de Banco
quod loquelam, que fuit inter Fulconem filium Warini petentem et
Petrum filium Hereberti tenentem, de medietate manerii de Stanton’ cum
pertinentiis, et quam rex precepit poni in respectum usque ad reditum
suum de partibus transmarinis, ut dicitur, faciant resummoneri ita
quod sit coram eis a die Sancti Michaelis in tres septimanas in eodem
statu quo remansit per preceptum regis. Teste rege apud Castrum
Matildis, xv die Septembris.
This roughly translates as:
On
behalf of Fulk, son of Warin.—It is commanded to the justices of
the Bench that the lawsuit which was between Fulk, son of Warin,
demandant [plaintiff], and Peter, son of Herbert, tenant [defendant],
concerning half of the manor of Stanton with its appurtenances, and
which the King had ordered to be put in respite [postponed] until his
return from parts overseas, as it is said, they shall cause to be
resummoned so that it may be before them three weeks from the day of
Saint Michael, in the same state in which it remained by command of the
king. Witnessed by the king at Painscastle, on the 15th day of
September.
pp591-592
1231.
Mandatum est Petro filio Hereberti quod, eum oporteat regem factum et
collationem H. regis avi sui tueri et warantizare, non inquietet
priorissam et moniales de Ambresbir’ de quadam terre in Wellop’, quam
habent de dono H. regis, et quam idem P. trahit in placitam, ut
dicitur. Teste rege apud Rading’, vj die Julii.
This roughly translates as:
It is commanded
to Peter son of Herbert, since it is incumbent upon him to uphold and
warrant the grant made by King Henry, his grandfather, not to disturb
the prioress and nuns of Amesbury regarding certain land in Wallop which
they hold by the gift of king Henry, and which the said Peter is
bringing into litigation, as is alleged. Witnessed by the king at
Reading, the 6th day of July.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1231-1234 pp1-2
(1905)
1231.
De
capreolis datis.—Mandatum est Galfrido Esturmy quod in bruilliis
regis de Bedewinde faciat habere Petro filio Hereberti tres capreolos
de dono regis. Teste ut supra [rege apud Merleberg’, ij. die
Novembris].
Pro Petro filio Hereberti.—Mandatum est Hasculfo de
Nevill’ quod non inpediat quominus homines Petri filii Hereberti
colligere possint singulis annis per unum diem nuces in foresta regis
de Rotel’ ad opus ipsius Petri, sicut eas colligere debent et solent.
Teste ut supra.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning
roebucks given.—It is commanded to Geoffrey Esturmy that in the
king’s copsewood of Bedwyn he cause Peter son of Herbert to have three
roebucks as a gift of the king. Witness as above [the king at
Marlborough, 2nd day of November].
For
Peter son of Herbert.—It is commanded to Hasculf de Neville that
he do not hinder the men of Peter son of Herbert from being able to
gather nuts every year for one day in the king’s forest of Rutland for
the use of the same Peter, as they ought and are accustomed to gather
them. Witness as above.
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Henry III 1225-1232 p469
(1901)
1232.
Pro Petro filio
Hereberti.—Rex concessit Petro filio Hereberti quod quandocunque
voluerit, libere et sine inpedimento condat testamentum suum de bladis
suis tunc solo herentibus et de aliis bonis, rebus et catallis suis.
In cujus etc.
This roughly translates as:
For
Peter son of Herbert.—The King has granted to Peter son of
Herbert that whenever he shall wish, freely and without impediment he
may make his testament [will] concerning his corn [crops] then growing
in the soil and concerning his other goods, things, and chattels. In
[witness] of which thing etc.
p478
1232.
Rex Petro filio Herberti et
Isabelle uxori ejus, salutem. Veniens ad nos Henricus de Fraxneto,
nobis monstravit quod terram que fuit Reginaldi de Fraxneto, patris
sui Normanni, cujus heres ipse est, ut dicit, in Belton, et est de
feodo de Ocham, ei redderetis si nobis placeret. Et ideo vobis
significamus quod bene placet nobis quod terram illam ei reddatis, si
id facere volueritis. In cujus rei testimonium etc. Teste ut supra
[rege, apud Gloucestre, vij. die Junii].
This roughly translates as:
The
King to Peter son of Herbert and Isabella his wife, greeting. Coming
to us Henry de Fraxneto [de Ash], has shown to us that the land which
belonged to Reginald de Fraxneto, his Norman father, whose heir he is,
as he says, in Belton, and which is of the fee of Oakhampstead [or
Oakham], you would restore to him if it should please us. And
therefore we signify to you that it well pleases us that you restore
that land to him, if you be willing to do so. In testimony of which
thing etc. Witness as above [the king, at Gloucester, 7th day of
June].
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1231-1234 p206
(1905)
1233.
De
capreolis datis.—Mandatum est P. de Rivall’ quod in foresta de
Arundell’, que est in custodia sua per preceptum regis, faciat habere
Petro filio Herberti v. capreolos de dono regis. Teste rege apud
Otteford’, x. die Aprilis. Per Radulfum filium Nicholai.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning
roebucks given.—It is commanded to P[eter] de Rivaux that in the
forest of Arundel, which is in his custody by order of the king, he
cause Peter son of Herbert to have 5 roebucks as a gift of the king.
Witness the king at Otford, on the 10th day of April. By Ralph son of
Nicholas.
p261
1233.
De
cervis datis.—Mandatum est P. de Rivall’ quod in foresta regis
de Axiholt’ faciat habere Petro filio Hereberti tres cervos de dono
regis. Teste ut supra [me ipso apud Heref’, xj. die Septembris, anno
regni nostri xvij]. Per justiciarium.
This roughly translates as:
Concerning
stags given.—It is commanded to P[eter] de Rivaux that in the
king's forest of Alice Holt he cause Peter son of Herbert to have three
stags as a gift of the king. Witness as above [myself at Hereford, on
the 11th day of September, in the 17th year of our reign]. By the
Justiciar.
p313
1233.
Die Lune proxima post festum Sancti Barnabe Apostoli apud Wigorniam
coram rege anno etc. xvij., presentibus dominis Wintoniensi et
Cycestrensi, S. de Sedgrave justiciario Anglie, comite Ricardo, W.
comite Ablem’, Thoma comite War’, Philippo de Albiniaco, Petro de Malo
Lacu, Pagano de Chaurces, Andrea de Chanceaus, P. de Rivall’ tunc
thesaurario, Willelmo filio Warini, Hugone Dispensatore, Radulfo filio
Nicholai, liberaverunt subscripti barones de Marchia obsides suos
domino regi de fideli servicio, quousque regnum sit ita securatum quod
firma pax sit in regno Anglie.
… Walterus de Bello Campo eodem modo liberavit Jacobum filium suum in
obsidem pro eo. Et dominus rex tradidit eum Petro filio Hereberti.
This roughly translates as:
On the
Monday next after the feast of Saint Barnabas the Apostle [13 June] at
Worcester before the king in the year etc. 17th, in the presence of the
lords [bishops] of Winchester and Chichester, S[tephen] de Segrave
justiciar of England, earl Richard, W. earl of Aumale, Thomas earl of
Warwick, Philip d’Aubigny, Peter de Maulay, Pain de Chaworth, Andrew de
Chanceaux, P. de Rivaux then treasurer, William fitz Warin, Hugh le
Despenser, Ralph fitz Nicholas, the undersigned barons of the March
delivered their hostages to the lord king for faithful service, until
the realm be so secured that there be firm peace in the kingdom of
England.
… Walter de Beauchamp in the same manner delivered James his son as a
hostage for him. And the lord king handed him over to Peter fitz
Herbert.
p478
1234.
Pro Petro filio Herberti. De cervis datis.—Mandatum est Johanni
de Venuz quod faciat habere Petro filio Herberti tres cervos in
foresta de Wulvesmere, de dono regis. Teste rege apud Havering’, xx.
die Julii.
This roughly translates as:
For
Peter son of Herbert. Concerning stags given.—It is commanded to
John de Venuz that he cause Peter son of Herbert to have three stags in
the forest of Woolmer, as a gift of the king. Witness the king at
Havering, 20th day of July.
Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1234-1237 p56
(1908)
1235.
Pro
Petro filio Hereberti.—Mandatum est Johanni de Colemere quod
tria dolia vini, que Petrus filius Hereberti emi fecit ad opus suum
apud Suht’ et que arestari fecit, ut dicitur, eidem Petro sine
dilatione deliberari faciat. Teste rege apud Gipewicum, viij. die
Marcii. Per G. de Craucumb’.
This roughly translates as:
For
Peter son of Herbert.—It is commanded to John de Colemere that he
cause to be delivered without delay to the same Peter three tuns [about
750 gallons] of wine, which Peter son of Herbert caused to be bought for
his own use at Southampton and which he [John] caused to be arrested, as
it is said. Witness the king at Ipswich, 8th day of March. By G. de
Crowcombe.
p93
1235.
Pro P. filio Herberti.—Mandatum
est Johanni de Colemere quod de vinis, que arestata sunt apud Suht’ ad
opus regis, permittat P. filium Hereberti habere v. dolia vini ad
denarios suos. Teste ut supra. [rege apud Westmonasterium, xix. die
Maii].
This roughly translates as:
For
P[eter]. son of Herbert.—It is commanded to John de Colemere that
from the wines which are arrested at Southampton for the king’s use, he
permit P[eter]. son of Herbert to have 5 tuns [about 1250 gallons] of
wine for his own money. Witness as above [the king at Westminster, 19th
day of May].
p204
1235.
Pro abbate de Rading’.—Mandatum
est majori et ballivis Oxonie quod de mesuagio illo in villa Oxonie
quod Petrus filius Hereberti dedit abbati de Rading’, ut dicitur, et
quod ceperunt in manum regis pro defectu muragii ad mesuagio illud
pertinentis, eidem abbati plenam seisinam habere faciant, accepta ab
eo prius bona securitate quod de predicto muragio regi satisfaciet tam
de tempore preterito quam de futuro. Teste ut supra [rege apud
Wudestok’, v. die Novembris].
This roughly translates as:
For
the abbot of Reading.—It is commanded to the mayor and bailiffs of
Oxford that concerning that messuage in the town of Oxford which Peter
son of Herbert gave to the abbot of Reading, as it is said, and which
they took into the king’s hand for default of murage belonging to that
messuage, they cause the same abbot to have full seisin, having first
received good security from him that he will satisfy the king concerning
the aforesaid murage both for past time and for future time. Witness as
above [the king at Woodstock, 5th day of November].
An earlier gift from Peter, amongst others, to the monks at Alcester was
confirmed by charter after his death when the monks planned development of
their land.
Calendar of the Charter Rolls Henry III 1226-1257 p256
(1903)
1241. Feb. 8.
Woodstock.
Grant to
the abbot and monks of Alencestre of the following gifts:—
… of the gift of Peter son of Herbert, all the holding which is of
his fee, which the monks previously held, that is half the court of the
said monks, half the mill which the monks made without their court, with
half of the meadow, called Halemede, and half of the meadow, called
Mulnham, which belong to the said half of the mill, for 10s.; and
the demesne pigs of the said monks to be quit of pannage in the wood of
the said Peter in Alencestre and without it; and from the wood
sufficient timber for the use of the said monks and for the said mill,
by view of the foresters of the said Peter and his heirs; and common of
pasture for their beasts and flocks:
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners
of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John Burke, 1838)
PETER
FITZ-HERBERT, Baron of Berstaple in
Devonshire, the honor of which he obtained from King John, with
fifteen knight’s fees, part of the lands of William de Braose, and he
was made Governor of Pickering Castle in Yorkshire, and Sheriff of that
county by the same moarch. This Peter was one of the barons named in
Magna Charta, and by his signature fourth in rank amongst the barons. He
m. first, Alice, dau. of Robert Fitz Roger, a great baron in
Northumberland, Lord of Warkworth and Clavering, and sister of John, to
whom EDWARD I. gave the surname of CLAVERING,
Lord of Callaly in Northumberland. By this lady he had a son and heir, REGINALD
FITZ PETER. He m. secondly Isabel,
dau. and coheir of William de Braose, and widow of David Llewellin,
Prince of Wales, and by the alliance acquired the lordships and castles
of Blenlevenny and Talgarth in the county of Brecknock, with other
possessions in Wales. He fortified his castle of Blenlevenny, and dying
in 1235 was s. by his son,
Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp153-154
(Robert William Eyton, 1858)
Woodcote.
PETER
FITZ HERBERT, about June 1204, gave King John
20 merks “to have seizin of that moiety of the Manor of Alenc̃
(Alcester) which his Father had held.”24 It would seem that
the Father’s tenure at Alcester had been somewhat qualified, for King
John, by a Writ of July 18, 1204, orders that a permanent equivalent for
his land of Alcester be provided for Hamo Falconer, who, it seems, was
ejected by force of the restoration made by the King to Peter
fitz Herbert.25
For the general career of Peter fitz Herbert, I may safely refer
to the usual authorities. His connection with Shropshire too, slender as
it was, will be, or has been, marked under the localities concerned. His
Scutages in that County, with one or two other matters, I will give
here.—
Of the fifth, sixth, and seventh Scutages of King John, assessed
in 1204, 1205, and 1206, he had special quittance in Shropshire. The
Shropshire Feodary of 1211 has this entry.—“Peter fitz Herbert, Baron,
holds in capite of the King, and owes the service of half a
knight.”26 For the Scutage of Poitou, in 1214, he had
quittance, but his liability is stated as that of a whole fee. In 1218
he paid one merk on half a fee to the first scutage of Henry III. In
1221 and 1224 he had quittance of the scutages of Biham, Montgomery, and
Bedford. To the scutage of Keri in 1229, he was assessed on a whole fee,
but afterwards excused. In 1230 he was assessed on one fee to the
Scutage of Brittany, but was excused. In 1231 he was assessed, at the
current rate of 3 merks, to the Scutage of Poitou. He was excused the
assessment on one fee for the scutage of Elvein in 1232.
Peter fitz Herbert is stated by difierent authorities to have
been married at least three times. His first wife, I take it, was Alice,
daughter of Robert fitz Roger, whom Dugdale calls “a great Baron of
Northumberland.”27 This match took place in 1203; for, in
Michaelmas Term of that year, Herbert fitz Herbert conceded all his
Yorkshire lands to his son Peter, to the end that the latter might
provide a dower for his aforesaid wife.28
Another wife of Peter fitz Herbert is said to have been the third
daughter and coheir of that William de Braose who was hanged by Lewellyn
in 1229-30.29 This Lady is stated to have brought to her
husband the land of Blayntheleveny and of Thalegard;—estates which
certainly were held by subsequent Fitz Herberts. However, about this
match there is some confusion and doubt. A Writ of October 30, 1234,
speaks indifferently of all the coheirs of William de Braose as infants
in ward to the Crown;30 and we know too that Peter Fitz
Herbert, having married Isabel de Ferrars in or before 1225, left her
surviving at his own decease in 1235.31 These considerations
seem to leave no room for such a second and intermediate wife of Peter
fitz Herbert as the alleged daughter of Braose.32 According
to Dugdale, Blayntheleveny and Thalegard descended to Peter fitz Herbert
from his father, and did not accrue by any marriage of his own.
23 Coll. Topogr. et Genealog. I. 169.
24 Rot. Finium, p. 200.
25 Rot. Claus. I. 3.
26 Testa de Nevill, p. 55.
27 Baronage, p. 624.
28 Abbrev. Placitorum, p. 44.
29 Monasticon, VI. 482, No. VIII.
30 Testa de Nevill, p. 199.
31 Supra, Vol. VI. pp. 196, 214.
32 There is other mention of a fourth daughter of
William de Braose and Eve Marshall, besides the three who undoubtedly
married Mortimer, Cantilupe, and Bohun. A Monastic Stemma (Monasticon,
VI. 134) calls the said Lady, Isabel, and gives her as the wife
of David ap Lewellyn, Prince of Wales. Chronology does not contradict,
nor does the Welsh Chronicle support, this. David ap Lewellyn died
issueless in 1246.
If this story be true, it bears curiously on another, already
sifted and questioned (Vol. IV. p. 216, note 84). The two
combined would prove that Isabel de Braose, in marrying David, married
the son of the man who hanged her Father!
The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n (George
Edward Cokayne, 1926)
(d)
… Herbert was s. and h. of Piers fitz Herbert (living 19 May 1235), by
his 1st wife, Alice (marriage settlement, 28 Nov. 1203), da. of Robert
fitz Roger, of Warkworth (Pipe Roll, 5 Joh., m. 5: Close Roll,
19 Hen. III, m. 11). Piers (who d. kal. Julii—seemingly a
mistake for kal. Junii—was bur. at Reading—Annales de
Theokesberia, p. 97) was 2nd but 1st surv. s. and h. of Herbert
fitz Herbert (who d. before 18 July 1204), by Lucy, Lady of
Blaen Llyfni and Bwlch y Dinas, da. and eventually coh. of Miles, Earl
of Hereford.
The Complete Peerage vol 11 p94 (George
Edward Cokayne, enlarged by Geoffrey H. White, 1949)
ROS or ROOS OF HELMSLEY
… Piers FitzHerbert, lords of the Honour of Brecknock, whose castle was
at Blaenllyfni. Piers FitzHerbert m. in 1203, his son Reynold
not till 1249 (Curia Regis Rolls, vol. iii, p. 6; Close Rolls,
1247-51, p. 200).
1 June 1235
Annales de Theokesberia in Annales
monastici vol 1 p97 (ed. Henry Richards Luard, 1864)
Kal.
Julii obiit Petrus filius Hereberti, et sepultus est apud Radinges
This roughly translates as:
On the Kalends of July [1 July], Peter, son of Herbert, died and was
buried at Reading.
Although the death of Peter is stated in Annales de
Theokesberi to be 1 July, it is likely that this is an error for 1
June ("Kal. Junii" rather tham "Kal. Julii") as Peter is documented to have
already died in a document related to his estate dated 6 June 1235.
Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/34, 19 HENRY III (1234–1235)
1235.
306 6 June. Westminster. For Herbert, son of Peter
fitz Herbert. The king has taken the homage of Herbert, son of
Peter fitz Herbert, and heir of the same, for all lands and tenements
which Peter fitz Herbert held in chief and which fall to Herbert by
hereditary right. Order to the sheriff of Hampshire that, having
accepted security from Herbert for rendering his relief to the king, he
is to cause him to have full seisin of all lands and tenements of which
Peter fitz Herbert died seised in his bailiwick and which fall to
Herbert by hereditary right.
307 For Herbert, son of Peter fitz Herbert. Order in the
same manner to the sheriffs of: Warwickshire. Worcestershire. Yorkshire.
Shropshire. Berkshire. Wiltshire. Gloucestershire. Essex. Norfolk and
Suffolk; [all of the above] with the exception that no mention is to be
made of security, but that they are to cause the aforesaid Herbert to
have full seisin of the lands and tenements etc. in the aforesaid form.
Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire,
England
- A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); wikipedia
(Peter FitzHerbert)
- Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p296 (1833); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); wikipedia
(Peter FitzHerbert)
- Curia Regis Rolls 5-7 JOHN pp6-7
(1926); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp153-154
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); wikipedia
(Peter FitzHerbert)
- Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/22, 9 HENRY III (28 October 1224–14 June
1225); The Complete Peerage vol 4 p191n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1916); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp153-154
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); Medieval
Lands (PIERS FitzHerbert); Isabel 1st marriage, notes from A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838) and The Complete Peerage vol 4 p191n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1916) and Medieval
Lands (ISABEL de Ferrers); Isabel death from Calendar of the Close Rolls Henry III 1251-1253 pp82-83
(1927); Isabel burial from Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 1 p350
(William Dugdale, 1849); Medieval
Lands (PIERS FitzHerbert)
- Rotuli litterarum clausarum in Turri Londinensi
asservati 1204-1224 vol 1 p203 (1833); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838)
- Rogeri de Wendover Chronica, sive Flores
historiarum vol 3 pp237-238 (Roger of Wendover, 1841); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the
Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John
Burke, 1838); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp153-154
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); The Complete Peerage vol 11 p94
(George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by Geoffrey H. White, 1949); Medieval
Lands (PIERS FitzHerbert); wikipedia
(Peter FitzHerbert)
- Annales de Theokesberia in Annales
monastici vol 1 p97 (ed. Henry Richards Luard, 1864); Henry
III Fine Rolls Project: C 60/34, 19 HENRY III (1234–1235); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926); Medieval
Lands (PIERS FitzHerbert)
- Annales de Theokesberia in Annales
monastici vol 1 p97 (ed. Henry Richards Luard, 1864); The Complete Peerage vol 5 p465n
(George Edward Cokayne, 1926)
Reginald FitzHerbert
Herbert
FitzHerbert
Lucy de Hereford
Reginald witnessed a grant by Osbert, son of Ilger de Wilberfosse, to the
hospital of St. Peter, York, dated between 1180 and 1193, signing as
"Reinero filio Herberti" (Early Yorkshire Charters vol 2 pp252-253
(William Farrer, 1915))
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners
of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John Burke, 1838)
HERBERT
FITZ-HERBERT, … had issue,
Reginald Fitz-Herbert, d. s. p. vita patris.
…
Reginald died before his father (who
died in 1204)
Robert FitzHerbert
Herbert
FitzHerbert
Sibyl Corbet
Royal
chamberlain
In a charter in 1155, king Henry II restored to Robert both the entire land
of his father, as well as his father's office as his chamberlain.
Red Book of the Exchequer part 1 p23 (ed.
Hubert Hall, 1896)
A.D.
1160-1. … WILTESIRA. … Robertus filius
Herberti, vm.—ij milites et dimidium.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1160-1. … Wiltshire … Robert son of Herbert, 5 marks —
two and a half knights.
p31
A.D.
1161-2. … WILTESIRA. … Robertus filius
Herberti, dimidiam marcam.
This roughly translates as:
A.D. 1161-2. … Wiltshire … Robert son of Herbert, half a
mark.
Robert is recorded in the Pipe Roll of 1165 making a payment of 2 marks in
Hampshire.
The Great roll of the pipe for the eleventh year of
the reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1164-1165 p43
(1887)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
HANTESCIRA.
Robertus filius Herberti reddit Computum de .ii. marcis. In thesauro
libavit in .ii. talliis. Et Quietus est.
which translates into English as:
HAMPSHIRE.
Robert son of Herbert renders account of 2 marks. In the treasury he
delivered in 2 tallies. And he is quit.
Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 pp149-150
(Robert William Eyton, 1858)
Woodcote.
ROBERT
FITZ HERBERT succeeded to the Office and
estate of his father, ere Henry II. had been three months on the throne
of England. This is proved by a Charter of the said King, which, by its
testing-clause, combined with the place of its date (Lincoln),
may be shown to have passed in February or March 1155. The substantive
part of this Charter is as follows.—Henricus Rex Anglie, etc. etc.
Sciatis me reddidisse Roberto filio Hereberti Camerarii, totam terram
patris sui et Ministerum patris sui de Camerariâ meâ. Quare volo, etc.
etc., sicut pater suus vel avus suus liberius tenuerunt tempore Regis
Henrici avi met vel aliorum antecessorum meorum. Testibus,—Philippo
Episcopo Baiocensi; Ernulfo Episcopo Lexoviensi; Toma Cancellario;
Rainaldo Comite Cornubie; Ricardo de Humez, Constabulario; Johanne
Marescallo. Apud Lincolliam.11
The notable points in this Charter are,—first, that the King’s
act was in the nature of a restoration, expressed by the word reddidisse;
secondly, that Robert is proved to have been the third lineal Chamberlain
of his family; lastly, that Reginald, Earl of Cornwall, is appropriately
made a witness, where the Grantee was his own uterine brother.
In 1161, 1 find Robert fitz Herbert assessed at five merks to a
Scutage in Wiltshire. There is something remarkable in the low position
which Robert fitz Herbert occupies in the testing-clause of a Haughmond
Charter which seems to have passed about this time.12 Of his
attendance at the Court of Henry II. I cannot cite a single instance.
This, considering his official position, is not without its meaning. The
younger brothers of Robert fitz Herbert seem, even in his lifetime, to
have been more important personages than himself. I venture to suggest
that some cloud obscured his short æra. He appears to have died without
issue before the year 1165, and to have been succeeded in estate by his
next brother, whom I will call—
HERBERT FITZ HERBERT (II.).
11 Carta Antiquæ, R. no. 33. Dugdale, and I
think all Writers on the Extinct Peerage, have misrepresented this
Charter as in favour of Herbert fitz Herbert.
12 Supra, Vol. VI. p. 103.
1165 or 1166
Robert is recorded in the Pipe Roll of 1165 making payments. (The Great roll of the pipe for the eleventh year of
the reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1164-1165 p43
(1887))
Early Yorkshire Charters vol 1 p41 (William
Farrer, 1914)
Herbert Fitz-Herbert, tenant of the archbishop, succeeded his brother,
Robert Fitz-Herbert the chamberlain, upon the latter's death without
issue in 1165.1 In the following year he was returned as
holding 3 knights’ fees under the archbishop.2
1 Pipe R., ii Hen. II, 43. He was living in
1165, but the carta of 1166 show that Herbert Fitz-Herbert had then
succeeded him.
2 Red Bk., 413.
William FitzHerbert
Herbert the Chamberlain (FitzHenry?)
Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p147
(Robert William Eyton, 1858) says 2 brothers of this Herbert (HERB1xxx),
named William and Stephen (i.e Herbert, William and Stephen were all sons of
Herbert the (original) Chamberlain). For brother William see Dict Nat Biog
and Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 1 p92
(William Dugdale, 1849), For Stephen as son of Herbert see Early Yorkshire Charters vol 1 p40 (William
Farrer, 1914) though some interpret this as Stephen son of a Herbert
who was chamberlain to the king of Scotland; as well as Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 3 p1196
Num CXI
Emma, daughter of Stephen, Earl of
Blois by Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror (according to
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners
of Great Britain and Ireland vol 4 p728 (John Burke, 1838))
Chaplain to king Stephen;
treasurer of York, and archbishop
of York (1143-1147 and again 1153-1154)
In 1129/30, William was recorded as receiving a royal exemption from a
Danegeld tax assessment in Wiltshire. This shows that William was a
landowner in Wiltshire at that time. The Pipe Roll of 31 Henry I covers the
previous financial year (Michaelmas to Michaelmas, i.e. 29 September 1129 to
29 September 1130).
Magnum rotulum scaccarii vel Magnum rotulum pipæ pp22-23
(ed. Joseph Hunter, 1833)
This transcribes into regular Latin type as:
TRICESIMO
PRIMO REGIS HENRICI PRIMI
… WILTESCIRA &c.
… Et In perdonis per breve Regis. … Willielmo filio Herberti xiiij
solidi.
which translates into English as:
In the thirty-first year of King Henry I
… Wiltshire
… And
in pardons by writ of the King: … To William son of Herbert, 14
shillings.
Monasticon Anglicanum vol 6 part 3 p1196
(William Dugdale, 1846)
NUM. CX.
Carta
Regis Stephani facta Willielmo Thesaurario Ebor. de Ecclesiis quas
tenet de feodo Herberti fratris sui.
[Ex dicto Registro, part. 4. fol. 21.]
STEPHANUS Rex Angliæ archiepiscopis, episcopis, et
baronibus, et justiciariis in quorum episcopatu et ballivâ Willielmus
thesaurarius Eborum, capellanus meus, habet ecclesias, salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse eidem Willielmo ecclesias quas tenet de feodo
Herberti fratris sui, cum terris et consuetudinibus et aliis rebus
eidem pertinentibus; scilicet ecclesiam de Wiverthorpe, ecclesiam de
Laundesbrough, et ecclesiam de Clerâ, cum capellis et pertinentibus;
et ecclesiam de Staunton cum terris et decimis omnibus et rebus eis
pertinentibus; et volo et præcipio, quod benè et in pace, et
honorificè teneat, sicut pater ejus et frater ejus Herbertus eas ei
dederunt et concesserunt, et sicut carta regis Henr. testatur.
Testibus, G. archiepisc. Eborum; D. episcopo Elm. et Johanne episc.
Sag. et Roberto de Veer; et Willielmo Martell, apud Eborum.
This roughly translates as:
NUM. 110.
Charter of King Stephen made to William, Treasurer of York, concerning
the churches which he holds of the fief of his brother Herbert.
[From the said Register, part 4, folio 21.]
STEPHEN,
King of England, to the archbishops, bishops, barons, and justices in
whose bishopric and jurisdiction William, Treasurer of York, my
chaplain, holds churches, greeting. Know ye that I have granted to the
same William the churches which he holds of the fee of his brother
Herbert, with the lands and customs and other things belonging to them;
namely, the church of Weaverthorpe, the church of Londesborough, and the
church of Clere, with its chapels and appurtenances; and the church of
Stanton, with all lands, tithes, and things belonging to them. And I
will and firmly command that he hold them well, in peace, and honorably,
just as his father and his brother Herbert gave and granted them to him,
and as the charter of king Henry testifieth. Witnesses: G., archbishop
of York; D., bishop of Elmham; John, bishop of Sées; Robert de Vere; and
William Martell. At York.
Early Yorkshire Charters vol 1 p34 (William
Farrer, 1914)
21.
Writ of Stephen to all ministers in whose bailiwicks William, archbishop
of York, has lands, directing them to keep and uphold the archbishop’s
lands and not to suffer anything to be taken therefrom save by the
archbishop; anything wrongfully taken after he was made archbishop to be
returned to him. 1142-1147.
Reg. Mag. Album, pt. iii, f. 72d.; pt. iv, f.
21.
S[tephanus] rex Anglorum
justitiariis, baronibus, vicecomitibus, et omnibus ministris et
fidelibus suis in quorum potestate vel balliva Willelmus
archiepiscopus Eboracensis habet terras vel tenuras salutem. Precipio
vobis quod custodiatis et manuteneatis [terras] et omnes tenuras
predicti archiepiscopi nee patiamini quod aliquis quicquam inde capiat
nisi per eum. Et si quid inde captum est injuste postquam ipse
effectus est archiepiscopus totum ei reddi faciatis, ne super hoc
audiam inde clamorem. Teste A[lexandro] episcopo, apud Lincolniam.
This roughly translates as:
Stephen, king of the English, to the
justiciars, barons, sheriffs, and all his officials and loyal subjects
within whose jurisdiction or bailiwick William, archbishop of York,
holds lands or tenures, greetings. I command you to protect and maintain
the lands and all the tenures of the aforesaid archbishop, and not to
permit anyone to take anything from them except through him.
Furthermore, if anything has been unjustly taken from them since he
became archbishop, you are to ensure that it is all restored to him, so
that I may hear no further complaint regarding this matter. Witness:
Alexander, bishop [of Lincoln], at Lincoln.
pp36-38
26.
Grant by Herbert, son of Herbert, to the canons of Nostell, of the
church of Weaverthorpe, for the support of their guest-house which
church William, treasurer of York, the grantor’s brother, first gave to
the canons in alms, with the consent of archbishop Thurstan.
1114-1121.
Chartul. of Nostell; Vesp. E. xix, f. 134d
(old p. 330).
Herbertus filius Herberti
universis sancte ecclesie fidelibus salutem. Notum sit universitati
vestre me caritatis intuitu et pro salute anime mee et omnium
antecessorirm et heredum meorum concessisse, dedisse, et hac presenti
carta mea confirmasse Deo et ecclesie Sancti Oswaldi de Nostl[ai] et
canonicis regularibus ibidem Deo servientibus ecclesiam de Wivertorp,
integre cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, habendam et tenendam ad eorum
et hospitum suorum sustentationem, in liberam, puram et perpetuam
elemosinam, solutam et quietam ex omni servitio seculari; quam
scilicet ecclesiam de Wivertorp cum omnibus pertinentiis suis
Willelmus frater meus, Eboracensis thesaurarius, jam dicte ecclesie
Sancti Oswaldi et prefatis canonicis in puram et perpetuam elemosinam
prius dedit, concessione venerabilis Thurstini Eboracensis
archiepiscopi, et in ejus presentia et totius capituli beati Petri
Eboracensis. Hujus testes sunt, etc.
This roughly translates as:
Herbert, son of Herbert, to all the
faithful of the holy church, greeting. Be it known to you all that, out
of regard for charity and for the salvation of my soul and the souls of
all my predecessors and heirs, I have granted, given, and by this
present charter confirmed to God and the church of Saint Oswald of
Nostell and the canons regular serving God there, the church of
Weaverthorpe, entire and with all its appurtenances, to be held for
their own sustenance and that of their guests as a free, pure, and
perpetual alms, quit and exempt from all secular service; which church
of Wivertorp, with all its appurtenances, my brother William, treasurer
of York, had previously given to the said church of Saint Oswald and the
aforesaid canons as a pure and perpetual alms, with the consent of the
venerable Thurstan, archbishop of York, and in his presence and that of
the entire chapter of blessed Peter of York. Witnesses to this are, etc.
27.
Confirmation by Thurstan, archbishop of York, of the gift made by
William, treasurer of the church of York, and Herbert his brother, to
the church of St. Oswald (Nostell), of the church of Weaverthorpe.
1114-1121.
Chartul. of Nostell; Vesp. E.
xix, f. 134d (old p. 330).
Turstinus Dei gratia Eboracensis
archiepiscopus omnibus successoribus suis in Eboracensi ecclesia
canonice substituendis et ejusdem ecclesie parochianis, clericis et
laicis, salutem. Concedo donum quod fecit Willelmus ecclesie nostre
thesaurarius et Herbertus frater ejus ecclesie Sancti Oswaldi:
scilicet ecclesiam de Wivertorp’, quam idem tenebant de feodo Sancti
Petri et nostro. Inde sunt testes, etc.
This roughly translates as:
Thurstan, by the grace of God archbishop of York, to all his successors
canonically appointed in the church of York, and to the parishioners of
the same church, both clergy and laity, greetings. I grant the gift
which William, treasurer of our church, and his brother Herbert made to
the church of Saint Oswald: namely, the church of Wiverthorpe, which
they held as a fief of Saint Peter and of us. Witnesses to this are,
etc.
28.
Confirmation by William, archbishop of York, to the canons of Nostell,
of the church of Weaverthorpe, which he gave when he was treasurer of
York; and notification that Adelwald, bishop of Carlisle, has contritely
surrendered the priorship of the church of St. Oswald, which he had for
many years held in his own hand, and has granted licence to the canons
to elect a prior; whereupon they have elected from amongst themselves
dom. Sanard and presented him to the grantor and chapter of York, who
hereby confirm his election. 1153.
Chartul. of Nostell; Vesp.
E. xix, f. 134d (old p. 330).
Willelmus Dei gratia Eboracensis
archiepiscopus omnibus sancte matris ecclesie filiis tam presentibus
quam futuris eternam in Domino salutem. Noverit universitas vestra nos
dedisse Deo et ecclesie Sancti Oswaldi de Nostla et canonicis ibidem
Deo servientibus, caritatis intuitu, ecclesiam de Wivertorp cum
omnibus pertinentiis suis que est de feodo beati Petri, tempore quo
eram ecclesie Sancti Petri thesaurarius, in presentia Thurstini
venerabilis ejusdem ecclesie tunc archiepiscopi et totius ejusdem
ecclesie capituli, in puram et perpetuam elemosinam ad eorum
sustentationem et causa hospitalitatis fovende. Ut autem hec donatio
rata maneat et inconcussa ecclesiam prenominatam predictis canonicis
confirmamus et presens scriptum tanquam potens archiepiscopus sigilli
nostri munimine corroboramus. Quod etiam ad multorum notitiam
pervenire congruum duximus, literarum monimentis mandare provida
deliberatione decrevimus. Noverit igitur presens etas omniumque
secutura posteritas quod Adelloldus Carliolensis episcopus prioratum
ecclesie Sancti Oswaldi, quam per multos annos in manu sua tenuerat,
corde compunctus sponte dimisit et canonicis ejusdem loci licentiam et
libertatem eligendi sibi priorem concessit; cujus consilio et
aminiculo suffulti elegerunt de medio fratrum dominum Sanardum, virum
honestum, scientia et vita preclarum, et electum nobis et capitulo
Eboracensi presentaverunt; quern benigne in priorem suscepimus et
eorum electionem presenti nostra carta confirmavimus. Volumus itaque
ut nullus eis injuriam vel contumeliam super prefata ecclesia vel
eorum electione facere presumat. Si quis vero contra paginam nostram
aliquid attemptare presumpserit, maledictionem Beati Petri et nostram
se noverit incursurum. Hiis, etc.
This roughly translates as:
William,
by the grace of God archbishop of York, to all the sons of holy mother
church, both present and future, sends eternal greeting in the Lord. Let
it be known to you all that, out of regard for charity, I have granted
to God, to the church of Saint Oswald of Nostell, and to the canons
serving God there, the church of Wiverthorpe with all its appurtenances,
which belongs to the fee of saint Peter dating from the time when I was
treasurer of the church of Saint Peter. This grant was made in the
presence of the venerable Thurstan, then archbishop of that same church,
and the entire chapter of the same church, as a pure and perpetual alms
for their sustenance and for the support of hospitality. Furthermore, to
ensure that this donation remains valid and unshaken, we confirm the
aforementioned church to the aforesaid canons, and, in our capacity as
archbishop, we ratify this present document with the protection of our
seal. Deeming it fitting that this matter should come to the knowledge
of many, we have decided, upon careful deliberation, to commit it to
writing. Let the present generation and all future posterity know that
Adelwold, bishop of Carlisle, moved by a prick of conscience,
voluntarily relinquished the priory of the church of Saint Oswald, which
he had held in his own hands for many years, and granted the canons of
that place the license and freedom to elect a prior for themselves.
Supported by his counsel and assistance, they chose from among the
brethren lord Sanard, a man of integrity, distinguished for both his
learning and his way of life, and presented their choice to us and to
the chapter of York. We graciously accepted him as prior and have
confirmed their election by means of this present charter. It is
therefore our will that no one should presume to inflict any injury or
indignity upon them regarding the aforementioned church or their
election. Should anyone, however, presume to attempt anything contrary
to this document of ours, let him know that he shall incur the curse of
Blessed Peter and our own. Given, etc.
p100
105.
Grant by William, archbishop of York, to the town and burgesses of
Beverley of free burgage, in accordance with the form of free burgage of
York, as conferred by archbishop Thurstan; also their gild merchant and
pleas by the same liberty and custom among themselves as those of York
have; also toll for 18m. yearly save on the 3 chief local feasts,
with provision for the holding of the market when it falls on these
days. 1144-1146.
From the original in the possession of the
Corporation of Beverley. There is a copy in the Beverley Charter Bk., p.
7; also in Chan. Misc. 46, n. 447.
W[illelmus] Dei gratia
Eboracensis archiepiscopus clero et populo et omnibus fidelibus tam
futuris quam presentibus hanc cartam bene et firmiter manutenentibus
salutem et benedictionem in perpetuum. Notum sit vobis omnibus me
concessisse et dedisse et presentis carte testimonio confirmasse
liberale burgagium ville Beverlaci et burgensibus ibidem commorantibus
juxta formam liberalis burgagii Eboraci ea libertatis lege qua
Turst[inus] archiepiscopus venerande memorie predecessor noster eis
concessit et dedit, salvis consuetudinibus Sancti Johannis et salvo
nostro jure cum redditibus. Deinde [de] libertatis lege concessi et
dedi eisdem burgensibus ut habeant gilde marchande eorum et placita
eadem libertate et eadem consuetudine inter [illos] sicut illi de
Eboraco inter eos, et volo ut statuta illius domus sint ad profectum
totius villatus et ad honorem Dei et Sancti Johannis et canonicorum et
totius [pl]ebis ejusdem ville. Preterea concessi eis theoloneum in
perpetuum pro x et viii marcis singulis annis, excepto in tribus
festis; quod quidem theoloneum tune [ad nos] et canonicos spectat, hoc
est, in festo Sancti Johannis confessoris in Maio, videlicet ab hora
tertia vigilia ipsius festi usque in vesperum ipsius festivitatis; et
si dies fori contigerit in ipsa vigilia vel in sequenti die post
festum in cimiterio erit forum. Similiter fiet in festo translationis
Sancti Johannis; in magno autem festo, [videlic]et in nativitate
Sancti Johannis Baptiste, a die Sancti Botulfi usque in tertium diem a
festo juxta consuetudinem Sancti Johannis fiat; et si dies fori in
aliquo trium dierum ante festum vel in die post festum evenerit in
cimiterio erit. In his vero tribus festis hoc modo determinatis ipsos
burgenses ab omni theloneo liberos etiam et quietos dimisi. Preterea
hujus etiam carte testimonio eisdem burgensibus confirmavi liberos
introitus et exitus, scilicet in bosco, in piano, in marisco, et in
ceteris con[venien]tiis sicut antiquiores ipsius ville juraverint et
probaverint de suis convenientiis, excepto in pratis et bladis, sicut
umquam melius, liberius, et largius predictus Tur[stinus] predecessor
noster venerabilis eisdem burgensibus concessit et dedit. His
testibus, Willelmo comite Alb[emarlie], Roberto de Stutevil’, Everardo
de Ros, Herberto filio Herberti, Gileberto de Nevil’, Ricardo de
Verli, Willelmo dapifero, Turstino preposito, Hyvone abbati de
Wartria, Simone canonico, Radulfo canonico, magistro Alfrido sacrista,
Willelmo de Falais, Stephano de Foro, Alano filio Edric, Waltero de
Lincolnia, Johanne nigro, Reginaldo thelon[ario], Henrico filio Lydde,
Rein[ero] et Athelem.
Seal of red wax; the archbishop
standing and in the act of blessing. Legend: •[SI]GILLVM•[T]HVRSTINI
Fortunately we are able to fix the issue of this charter to the
earlier period of archbishop William’s tenure of the see of York. John
of Hexham tells us that Thurstan, provost of Beverley, died in the time
of archbishop Henry, namely in or very shortly before 1152. Thurstan’s
attestation of this charter thus fixes the date during the period
1144-1146, and that of Everard de Ros supports this conclusion. The fact
that the grantor did not use his own seal, but that apparently of his
predecessor, adds weight to this conclusion.
This roughly translates as:
William, by the grace of God archbishop
of York, to the clergy, the people, and all the faithful, both those to
come and those now living, who uphold this charter well and firmly,
sends greetings and a blessing in perpetuity. Be it known to all of you
that I have granted, given, and confirmed by the testimony of this
present charter the status of a free borough to the town of Beverley and
to the burgesses dwelling therein, following the model of the free
borough of York and the same legal liberties that my predecessor,
archbishop Thurstan, a man of venerable memory, granted and gave to
them; saving, however, the established customs of Saint John, and saving
our own rights, including the collection of rents. Furthermore,
regarding the legal liberties, I have granted and given to these same
burgesses the right to hold their own merchant guilds and legal pleas,
enjoying the same liberties and customs among themselves as the
burgesses of York do among themselves. It is my will that the statutes
of this guild-hall should serve the benefit of the entire township, the
honor of God and Saint John, the canons, and all the people of the said
town. Moreover, I have granted them the right to collect tolls in
perpetuity, in exchange for a payment of 18 marks annually, except
during three specific feasts. During these times, the right to the tolls
reverts to us and the canons. These occasions are: the feast of Saint
John the confessor in May, specifically from the third hour (terce) on
the eve of the feast until the evening of the feast day itself. If a
market day should fall on that eve, or on the day immediately following
the feast, the market shall be held within the churchyard. The same
arrangement shall apply to the feast of the translation of Saint John.
As for the great feast, namely, the nativity of Saint John the Baptist,
the arrangement shall follow the established custom of Saint John,
lasting from the feast of Saint Botolph until the third day after the
feast. And if a market day should fall on any of the three days
preceding a feast, or on the day following a feast, it shall be held in
the cemetery. Furthermore, regarding these three feasts, determined in
this manner, I have granted the burgesses themselves full exemption and
release from all tolls. Moreover, by the testimony of this charter, I
have confirmed for the same burgesses the right of free entry and exit,
specifically regarding woodlands, open plains, marshlands, and other
common lands, in accordance with the rights concerning such common lands
as sworn to and attested by the elders of the town, with the exception
of meadows and standing crops; all this to be held in the best, freest,
and most generous manner ever granted or bestowed upon these burgesses
by our venerable predecessor, the aforementioned Thurstan. Witnesses:
William, count of Aumale; Robert de Stuteville; Everard de Ros; Herbert
son of Herbert; Gilbert de Neville; Richard de Verli; William the
steward; Turstin the reeve; Ivo, abbot of Watton; Simon the canon; Ralph
the canon; master Alfred the sacristan; William de Falais; Stephen de
Foro; Alan son of Edric; Walter of Lincoln; John the black; Reginald the
toll-collector; Henry son of Lydde; Reiner; and Athelem.
pp120-121
132.
Grant by Henry I to the church of St. Peter, York, of the church of
Wallop, the chapel of Grately (in Hampshire), and the church of Market
Weighton (in Yorkshire), to provide 2 churches and a chapel for William
the Treasurer to hold for his life. 1133.
Reg. Mag. Album, pt. i, f. 65.
Henricus rex Anglorum
archiepiscopo Eboracensi et episcopo Winton[iensi] et justiciariis et
vicecomitibus et baronibus et omnibus fidelibus suis de Eboracensi
[scira] et Hamtescir[a] salutem. Sciatis me concessisse Deo et
ecclesie Sancti Petri Eboracensis in perpetuam elemosinam ad faciendas
in ecclesia ilia duas ecclesias Willelmi thesaurarii et unam ecclesiam
capellam (sic) quas ipse tenebit in vita sua, scilicet
ecclesiam de Wallop, capellam de Grateleia, et ecclesiam de Wichtona;
quare volo et precipio quod ecclesia Sancti Petri de Eboraco eas bene
et in pace et libere teneat in terris et decimis et in molend[in]is et
in omnibus eis pertinentibus nunc et usque in sempiternum. Testibus,
T[hurstino] archiepiscopo Eboracensi et R[ogero] episcopo
Saleb[eriensi] et Nig[ello] episcopo Eliensi et Waltero Espec et
Eustachio filio Johannis et Gaufr[ido] filio Pagani, apud
Westm[onasterium].
William Fitz-Herbert was a younger son of Herbert, the
chamberlain to Henry I, and of Emma, sister of Stephen of Blois,
afterwards king. His name occurs in the roll of the sheriff of Wiltshire
for 1130 as having obtained remission of Danegeld amounting to 14s.1
He was not there described as Treasurer of York.
By this charter the king granted 2 churches and a chapel for a
prebend for the said William, who had then been appointed to the office
of Treasurer of York. Thomas II is said to have made 2 prebends, one of
which was thought by Drake to have been Weighton; but that could
not have been so.
The above grant was made between 28th May 1133, when Nigel,
nephew of Roger, bishop of Salisbury, was nominated bishop of Ely, and
5th August following, when Henry took final leave of England.
1 Mag. R. Pip., 31 Hen. I, 22.
This
roughly translates as:
Henry, king of the English, to the
archbishop of York, the bishop of Winchester, the justices, sheriffs,
barons, and all his faithful subjects of Yorkshire and Hampshire,
greeting. Know that I have granted to God and the church of Saint Peter
of York, as a perpetual alms, the following, comprising two churches and
one chapel, to be held by William the treasurer for the duration of his
life: namely, the church of Wallop, the chapel of Grateley, and the
church of Weighton. Therefore, I will and command that the church of
Saint Peter of York shall hold these well, in peace, and freely,
including their lands, tithes, mills, and all appurtenances, from this
time forth and forevermore. Witnesses: Thurstan, archbishop of York;
Roger, bishop of Salisbury; Nigel, bishop of Ely; Walter Espec; Eustace
fitz John; and Geoffrey fitz Pain. At Westminster.
p124
137.
Writ of Stephen to the justices, sheriff and citizens of York, directing
that William, archbishop of York, his canons and clerks, shall have
their lands and tenures within and without the borough as freely as
their predecessors had, with the like customs and liberties, and that
they shall not be subjected to any new custom, works, wards, or the
like. 1142-1147.
Reg. Mag. Album, pt. iii, f. 73; pt. iv, f. 2ld.
S[tephanus] rex Anglorum
justiciariis et vicecomiti et civibus Ebor[aci] salutem. Precipio quod
Willelmus archiepiscopus Eboracensis et canonici et clerici sui
teneant omnes terras et tenuras suas infra burgum et extra sicut
aliquis antecessorum suorum unquam melius vel liberius tenuit et
eisdem consuetudinibus et libertatibus, ne super hoc ponantur in
aliquam novam consuetudinem nee in operibus nee in vigil[iis] nee in
aliis rebus. Teste A[lexandro] episcopo Lincolniensi, apud Lincolniam.
This
roughly translates as:
Stephen, king of the English, to the
justiciars, the sheriff, and the citizens of York, greeting. I command
that William, archbishop of York, and his canons and clerics, hold all
their lands and tenures, both within the borough and outside it, just as
any of his predecessors ever held them, in the best and freest manner,
and subject to the same customs and liberties; and that they not be
subjected to any new custom regarding this, whether in the form of labor
services, watch duties, or any other obligations. Witness: Alexander,
bishop of Lincoln. At Lincoln.
Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p147
(Robert William Eyton, 1858)
Woodcote.
WILLIAM
FITZ HERBERT was already a Wiltshire Landowner
in 1130. About the same time he is stated to have held the
ecclesiastical office of Treasurer of York. There is a Charter of King
Stephen, dated at York, which, notwithstanding two errors of
transcription in its testing-clause, I venture to date in February or
March 1136. Thereby the King concedes to William, Treasurer of York, his
Chaplain, the Churches which the said William holds of the Fee of his
brother, Herbert, and among them the Churches of Laundesbrough and
Wiverthorpe. He is to hold them as freely, etc., “as his Father and his
brother Herbert gave them to him, and as the Charter of King Henry doth
testify.”7 On Sunday, September 26, 1143, William fitz
Herbert was consecrated Archbishop of York by Henry, Bishop of
Winchester, and in defiance of Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury. He
was deprived of his See by Pope Eugenius III., in 1147, but was restored
by Pope Anastasius IV., in 1153. He died on June 8, 1154, and was
Canonized by Pope Honorius III., in the thirteenth century.
7 Monasticon,
VIII. 1196, No. CX.
Dictionary of National Biography vol 19
pp173-176 (ed. Leslie Stephen, 1889)
FITZHERBERT,
WILLIAM, (d. 1154), archbishop of York and Saint, is also
called sometimes William of Thwayt (Chron. de Melsa, i. 114,
Rolls Ser.) and most commonly SAINT WILLIAM OF
YORK. He was of noble birth (WILLIAM OF NEWBURGH,
i. 55, Rolls Ser.), and brought up in luxury (JOHN OF HEXHAM,
c. 274, in TWYSDEN), but of his father Herbert very
little is certainly known. John of Hexham calls him Herbert of
Winchester, and says that he had been treasurer of Henry I. Hugh the
Chanter (in RAINE, Historians of the Church of York,
ii. 223) says Herbert was also chamberlain. Thomas Stubbs (ib. p.
390) calls him the ‘very strenuous Count Herbert,’ and says that his
wife was Emma, the sister of King Stephen. But of her nothing else is
known (FREEMAN, Norman Conquest, v. 315), and her
very existence depends on the trustworthiness of a late authority. John
of Hexham mentions that William was a kinsman of Roger, king of Sicily,
but it is suspicious that no contemporary writer, even when speaking in
some detail of William’s dealings with Stephen and his brother Henry of
Winchester, says a word of his relationship to the king. One nephew of
Stephen was almost elected archbishop before him. Another nephew of
Stephen succeeded him as treasurer of York. It is hardly probable that
William was a nephew of Stephen also.
Many of William’s kinsfolk lived in Yorkshire, and his elder
brother Herbert held lands there, to which he apparently succeeded about
1140. William himself probably became treasurer and canon of York before
1130, at latest before 1138 (DUGDALE, Monasticon,
iv. 323-4, ed. Caley, &c.) In that capacity he accompanied
Archbishop Thurstan on his visitation of St. Mary’s Abbey, and witnessed
his charter of foundation of Fountains Abbey (WALBRAN, Memorials
of Fountains, i. 157). He also joined his brother Herbert in
conferring benefactions on the Austin Priory of Nostell (Rot. Chart.
p.215). Stephen made him one of his chaplains, and granted him certain
churches in the north which he had hitherto held of his brother in fee (Monasticon,
vi. 1196).
On the death of Archbishop Thurstan (February 1140) there were
great disputes in the chapter as to the choice of his successor. When
the election of Henry de Coilli, King Stephen’s nephew, had been
determined upon, it was rendered ineffective by his refusal to comply
with the papal request to resign the abbey of Fécamp on accepting the
archbishopric. At last, in January 1142, the majority agreed to elect as
their archbishop William the treasurer. Their choice was, however,
hardly unfettered; for King Stephen strongly pressed for his election,
and the presence of William, earl of Albemarle, in the chapter-house to
promote it doubtless stimulated their zeal (JOHN OF HEXHAM,
c. 268; cf. GERVASE, Op. Histor. i. 123, Rolls
Ser.) A minority persisted in voting for the strict Cistercian, Henry
Murdac of Fountains (HOVEDEN, i. 198, Rolls Ser.), and
the whole of that famous order believed that bribes of the treasurer had
supplemented the commands of the king. The archdeacon of York, Osbert,
called Walter of London in John of Hexham and in the ‘Additions to Hugh
the Chanter’ (RAINE, Historians of York, ii.
221), and other archdeacons hurried to the king to complain of the
election. They were seized by Albemarle on their way and confined in his
castle of Bytham, Lincolnshire. William meanwhile was well received by
Stephen at Lincoln, and there received the restitution of his
temporalities. But he was unable to obtain consecration from Archbishop
Theobald, and Henry, bishop of Winchester, the legate, Stephen’s
brother, who was his friend, could only direct him to go to Rome, where
Richard, abbot of Fountains, William, abbot of Rievaulx, and his other
enemies had already appealed against his election as tainted by simony
and royal influence. A strong letter of St. Bernard to Innocent II (S. BERNARDI,
Omnia Opera, i. 316, ed. Mabillon; also printed in WALBRAN,
pp. 80-1), to the pope that he had made, showed that the whole influence
of the Cistercian order was to be directed against William. For a time
Innocent hesitated, but at last, in Lent 1143, he decided that William
might be consecrated if William, dean of York, would swear that the
chapter received no royal commands from Albemarle, and if the archbishop
elect would clear himself on oath from the charge of bribery. These
points were to be ascertained in England, whither William arrived in
September. The Dean of York, who had in the meanwhile been made bishop
of Durham, was unable to attend in person the council at Winchester,
where the case was to be settled; but his agents gave the necessary
assurances, and William’s innocence was so clearly established that all
clamoured for his consecration. On 26 Sept. the legate Henry himself
consecrated William in his own cathedral at Winchester (Additions to
Hugh the Chanter, p. 222).
William now ruled at York in peace, and St. Bernard could only
exhort the abbot of Rievaulx to bear with equanimity the triumph of his
foe (Epistolæ, cccliii. and ccclx. in Opera, i. 556, 561,
ed. Migne). Meanwhile William busied himself in drawing up constitutions
that prohibited the profane use of the trees and grass in churchyards,
and prevented clerks turning the money received for dilapidations from
the heirs of their predecessors to their own personal uses (WILKINS,
Concilia, i. 425-6). On a visit to Durham William succeeded in
reconciling the turbulent William Comyn with Bishop William his old
friend. On the same day he enthroned the former dean of York as bishop
in Durham Cathedral, and absolved Comyn from his sins against the church
(SYMEON, Hist. Eccl. Dunelm. pp. 283-4, 292; also
Anglia Sacra, i. 717).
Though popular from his extraordinary kindness and gentleness,
William was of a sluggish temperament. When in 1146 the cardinal bishop
Hincmar arrived in England on a mission from the new pope, Lucius II, he
brought with him the pallium for the new archbishop. Occupied, as was
his wont, on other matters of less necessity (JOHN OF HEXHAM,
c. 274), William neglected to obtain it from Hincmar at an early
opportunity. Before long Lucius died. The new pope, Eugenius III, was a
violent Cistercian and the slave of St. Bernard. The enemies of William
took advantage of his accession to renew their complaints against
William. Hincmar took his pall back again to Rome. Bernard plied
Eugenius with new letters. Henry Murdac, who was now, through Bernard’s
influence, abbot of Fountains, led the attack. In 1147 William was
compelled to undertake a fresh journey to Rome to seek for the pallium.
To pay his expenses he was compelled to sell the treasures and
privileges of the church of York (ib. c. 279), and this of course
became a new source of complaint against him. Yet even now most of the
cardinals were in his favour, and Eugenius was much distracted between
the advice of his ‘senate’ and the commands of the abbot of Clairvaux.
At last he found a pretext against William in the fact that William of
Durham had not personally taken the pledges required by Pope Innocent.
Until this was done he suspended William from his archiepiscopal
functions.
Disgusted at his condemnation on a second trial for offences for
which he had been already acquitted, William left Rome and found a
refuge with his kinsman Roger the Norman, king of Sicily. He was
entertained there by Robert of Salisbury (or Selby), the English
chancellor of King Roger. Meanwhile his relatives and partisans in
Yorkshire had revenged his wrongs by burning and plundering Fountains
Abbey, the centre of the Cistercian opposition to him (WALBRAN,
p. 101). This indiscreet violence added a new point to the passionate
appeals of Bernard. In 1147 Murdac and the rest again appeared against
William at a council held by Eugenius at Rheims. There, as the Bishop of
Durham had omitted to purge the archbishop on his oath (Chron. de
Mailros, s. a. Bannatyne Club), Eugenius finally deposed him from
his see. The chapter were directed to proceed within forty days to a new
election. As they could not agree on any one choice, Eugenius cut the
matter short by consecrating at Trier Henry Murdac himself as archbishop
of York (7 Dec. 1147). But such was William’s popularity that Murdac
obtained scanty recognition in Yorkshire, where king and people
continued to maltreat his followers (Additions to Hugh the Chanter,
p. 225).
William showed great resignation to his fate. His staunch friend
Henry of Winchester gave him an asylum in his palace, and treated him
with all the respect due to an archbishop. William made no complaints of
his harsh treatment. He occupied himself in prayer and study. He
renounced his former habits of luxury. As often as he could escape from
the hospitable entertainment of Bishop Henry, he spent his days with the
monks of Winchester, whose sanctity specially attracted him to eat and
drink at their frugal table and sleep with them in their common
dormitory (Ann. de Winton in Ann. Mon. ii. 54). He
remained at Winchester until the death of Bernard and Eugenius in 1153
again excited hopes in him of restitution. He again hurried to Rome,
where, without reflecting on the judgment passed against him, he
besought the new pope, Anastasius IV, to show him mercy. His friend, if
not kinsman, Hugh of Puiset, who was also seeking at Rome his
recognition as bishop of Durham, did his best to support William’s
requests. The famous Cardinal Gregory warmly espoused his cause. The
death of Archbishop Murdac, on 14 Oct. 1153, made it easy for Anastasius
to accede to William’s prayers. Without questioning the legitimacy of
Murdac’s rule or reopening the suits decided against William, Anastasius
was persuaded to pity his grey hairs and misfortunes. William was
restored to the archbishopric, and for the first time received the
pallium.
William now returned to England. Passing through Canterbury he is
said to have designated the archdeacon Roger as his successor as
archbishop. He next proceeded to Winchester, and celebrated the Easter
feast of 1154 in the city where he had resided when young, and which had
afforded him a refuge in his troubles. Thence he turned his course
towards his diocese. As he approached York the new dean and his old
enemy, Archdeacon Osbert, endeavoured to prevent his entrance into the
city by declaring their intention of appealing against his appointment.
But William proceeded on his way undismayed by their hostility. A great
procession of clergy and laity welcomed him into the town. The wooden
bridge over the Ouse gave way under the pressure of the crowd, and many
were precipitated into the river; but the prayers of William saved, as
men thought, the lives of every one of them. In after years a chapel
dedicated to William was erected on the stone bridge now thrown over the
river to commemorate so signal a miracle. He entered York on 9 May.
For the next month William ruled his church in peace, though the
appeal of the chapter to Archbishop Theobald was fraught with fresh
mischief. But William was no longer the worldling whose wealth and
laxity had excited the suspicions of Cistercian zealots. With great
humility he visited Fountains and promised full restitution for the
injuries his partisans had inflicted upon the abbey. The official
chroniclers of the abbey had in after times nothing to say against one
who could make so complete a reparation (WALBRAN, i. 80).
He also visited the new Cistercian foundation at Meaux, Yorkshire, and
in its chapter-house solemnly confirmed the grants of Archbishop Murdac
to the struggling community (Chron. de Melsa, i. 94, 108). On
Trinity Sunday he was back at York, and when celebrating high mass in
his cathedral on that festival was seized with a sudden illness. He
struggled through the service and even appeared afterwards among the
guests assembled in his house. But he felt that his end was near. Poison
was at once suspected, and antidotes were administered. But he died on 8
June, eight days after his seizure, and Bishop Hugh of Durham buried his
body in York Minster.
Faction had risen to such a height at York that a circumstantial
story soon gained credence among William’s friends that Osbert the
archdeacon had caused his death by poisoning the eucharistic chalice. A
clerk of William’s, named Symphorian, accused Osbert of the crime, in
the presence of King Stephen, and long judicial proceedings ensued.
Though the matter seems never to have been brought to a definite issue,
so acute an observer as John of Salisbury was not satisfied of Osbert’s
innocence (Ep. i. 158, 170, ed. Giles). William of Newburgh (i.
80-1), the most critical historian of the time, was, however, convinced
by the absence of positive testimony, and the witness of an old monk of
Rievaulx, then a canon of York, that William died of a fever. Gilbert
Foliot (Ep. i. 152, ed. Giles) was indignant at the baselessness
of the accusations against Osbert, but the true issue became rather
obscured by clerical opposition to the desire of Stephen, and of the
accuser, that the case should be tried in the royal court. The two
biographers of William omit all reference to the story, and the writers
who mention it generally qualify it as a rumour or gossip. Yet before
long the misfortunes and sufferings of William brought worshippers to
his tomb. He began to be reputed a martyr, and miracles were worked by
him. It was believed that when the old minster was almost burnt down and
the tomb burst open by the falling beam the silken robe which enveloped
the saint’s incorruptible body was not consumed (Vita S. Will, in RAINE,
ii. 279). The canons of York, who envied the local saints of Ripon and
Beverley, were anxious for a saint of their own, and a movement was
started for the canonisation of William. In 1223 holy oil exuded from
his tomb (MATT. PARIS, Hist. Major,
iii. 77, Rolls Ser.) A formal petition to Honorius III led to the usual
investigations of his claims to sanctity (WALBRAN, i.
173-5, from Addit. MS. 15352). These, after some doubt, were so
well established that in 1227 Honorius admitted him to the calendar of
saints. On 9 Jan. 1283 his remains were translated into a shrine behind
the high altar, through the exertions of Bishop Bek of Durham, and in
the presence of Edward I and a distinguished company (details in RAINE,
pp. 228-9, from York Breviary). But all the efforts of the York
chapter could not secure for St. William more than a local fame; and his
shrine, though not unfrequented, was never among the great centres of
popular pilgrimage and worship. His festival was on 8 June, while his
translation was commemorated on the Sunday next after the Epiphany.
[The fullest contemporary sources for William’s life are John of
Hexham’s Continuation of Symeon of Durham, printed in Twysden’s Decem
Scriptores, and William of Newburgh’s History, edited for the Rolls
Series by Mr. Hewlett; his life in the Actus Pontificum Eboracensium,
generally attributed to Thomas Stubbs, was published originally in
Twysden’s Decem Scriptores, cc. 1721-2, and is now reprinted by Canon
Raine in his Historians of the Church of York, ii. 388-97. There is a
manuscript life of Fitzherbert in Harl. MS. 2, ff. 76-88, written in a
thirteenth-century hand, which contains little special information. It
has been printed for the first time by Canon Raine in his Historians of
the Church of York, ii. 270-91, and the Eight Miracles, pp. 531-50. This
is abridged in the short life in Capgrave’s Nova Legenda Angliæ, pp.
310-11. A few additional facts come from the Additions to Hugh the
Chanter, in Raine’s Hist. Church of York, ii. 220-7. A full life is in
the Bollandist Acta Sanctorum, tome ii. Junii, pp. 136-46. The modern
life in Canon Raine’s Fasti Eboracenses, pp. 220-33, where two hymns,
addressed to St. William, are printed, collects all the principal facts;
Gervase of Canterbury, Hoveden, Annals of Winchester and Waverley in
Annales Monastici, vol. ii., Chron. de Melsa (all in Rolls Series);
Walbran’s Memorials of Fountains, and Raine’s Fabric Rolls of York
Minster, both published by Surtees Society; Chron. of Melrose (Bannatyne
Club); Epistles of St. Bernard, ed. Migne; John of Salisbury and Gilbert
Foliot, ed. Migne or Giles.] T. F. T.
Fasti eboracenses. Lives of the archbishops of York vol
1 pp220-233 (William Henry Dixon, enlarged by James Raine, 1863)
William
Fitzherbert, better known under the name of St. William of
York, was a person of noble origin. His father was Count Herbert, who is
said, by Stubbs, to have been chamberlain and treasurer to king Henry;
and his mother, Emma, was a grand-daughter of the Conqueror, and was
sister to king Stephen; from his infancy, therefore, William was brought
up in the lap of luxury and wealth.p
About the year 1130 we find William, as treasurer of the church
of York, witnessing archbishop Thurstan’s charter of foundation of the
nunnery of Clementhorp. There is a deed, also, without a date, in which
Henry I. grants the churches of Wallop and Wichtona, and the chapel of
Grateleia, in which William the treasurer had a life interest, to be the
corpus of a new prebend at York. I have seen a charter of king
Stephen, in which that monarch grants to William, the treasurer of York,
his chaplain, the churches of Weaverthorpe, Londcsburgh, Clcve, with
their chapels, and the church of Stanton; all of which he held of the
fee of his brother Herbert.s This probably is the
nobleman whom Dugdale introduces in his Baronage,t and of
whose parentage there has, hitherto, been nothing known.
Archbishop Thurstan died in 1140, and the chapter of York seem to
have had great difficulty in selecting a person to succeed him. At the
instance of Henry de Blois, bishop of Winchester, and the king’s
brother, they fixed upon his nephew, Henry de Sully. That ecclesiastic
was the abbat of Fècamp in Normandy, and the pope would not allow him to
become archbishop because he refused to give up his monastery. In
January, 1141-2, the clergy again met to choose a president, and the
majority fixed upon William, the treasurer. As he was one of the king’s
nephews, the court influence seems to have been brought to bear upon the
chapter, and William, earl of Albemarle, was present at the election, in
which he took an especial interest. That nobleman, unfortunately, shewed
himself a hasty partizan, and did much mischief to the cause of William.
Master Walter, of London, and the rest of the York archdeacons were
opposed to the choice which the clergy had made, and were on their way
to the king to state their case, when the stout earl arrested them and
shut them up in his castle at Bytham. In the meantime the
archbishop-elect went to Stephen at Lincoln, and was kindly received,
and invested with the temporalities of the see. The bishop of
Winchester, another uncle, who was at that time the legate in England,
then sent him to Rome.
The opposition, however, was not so easily quelled, and the harsh
measures of the earl of Albemarle would not allay it. The discontented
party determined to follow William to Rome, and make their appeal to.
the chief pontiff. It was a contest between the court and the most
influential portion of the clergy. The clerical party was ably
represented, and was backed by the reformers in the church, particularly
by the Cistercians. The cause was heard in 1142 in the consistory of
pope Innocent. Walter of London, the archdeacon, who had escaped from
the clutches of Albemarle, presented the allegations against William,
which were supported by William abbat of Rievaux, Richard abbat of
Fountains, Cuthbert prior of Gisburgh, Waltheof the famous prior of
Kirkham, and Robert the master of the hospital at York. William was
charged by them with having secured his election by bribery. Innocent
listened to what was said, but would make no decision at that time. He
ordered both parties to present themselves before him on the third
Sunday in Lent in the following year.
They came to Rome at the appointed time in 1143, and the case was
heard. The main point against the validity of William’s election was
this, that the earl of Albemarle had come into the chapter-house, and
had vitiated the proceedings by giving a message from the king that
William should be chosen. The pope very properly declared that if, in
addition to the personal denial of the imputation of undue influence by
William himself, the dean of York would state on his oath that no such
message from the king had been delivered, that then the archbishop-elect
might be consecrated. The dean also, who was not present at the
consistory, was to be allowed, if he chose, to take the oath by deputy.
That dignitary had other things to think of, as he had just been
nominated to the see of Durham by the prior and the clergy. William
returned from Rome in September 1143, and following the advice of the
legate, submitted his case to a council which was held at Winchester.
Every one seemed, not to request, but to demand, his consecration; and
not a murmur was heard against anything that he had done. The bishop of
Durham had been expected to take the oath about the election in the
chapter-house at York, which had been prescribed to him by the pope, but
he was unavoidably absent. Ralph bishop of Orkney, Sanaricus the abbat
of St. Mary’s, York, and Benedict abbat of Whitby, took it in his
behalf, and swore to the absence of simony and undue influence. What
more could be required? On the 26th of September William was consecrated
at Winchester by the bishop of that diocese, who was his uncle and his
friend.
In 1145 cardinal Hincmar, a legate from Lucius the new pope,
visited England, and brought with him a pall for William. They did not
meet, for William was a person of an easy and indolent disposition, and
saw no reason for promptitude or haste. In the meantime the pope died
and was succeeded by Bernard, the abbat of the house of St. Anastatius
at Rome, under the title of Eugenius III. He was a rigid Cistercian, and
hung upon the lips of St. Bernard. The opponents of William now began
most ungenerously to reopen the old sore. They could carry the day now,
as they thought, and they resolved to try. They were decidedly in the
wrong. William had complied with all the conditions which Innocent had
laid down, and his consecration had been regular and proper. Why was he
to be opposed? There must have been some personal feeling prompting his
opponents, that curse which, under the colour of conscience and justice,
has in every age instigated so many great men to be persecutors and
maligners. William about this time shewed his love of peace by effecting
a reconciliation between the bishop of Durham and the turbulent Comyn.
With Alan, earl of Richmond, he was not so fortunate.
Hincmar returned to Rome in 1145, carrying the pall with him,
and, in the following year, William went in quest of it himself to the
court of Eugenius. The charges against him had been revived by the
Cistercians, Henry Murdac, the abbat of Fountains, taking a prominent
part in the attack. But William had a more serious opponent in St.
Bernard. That great man, whose zeal in this instance orerpowered his
judgment, had been a constant opponent of the appointment of William. He
wrote strong letters against him to popes Celestine and Innocent and the
cardinals. He now exerted for the same purpose the immense influence
which he exercised over Eugenius. The cardinals, however, were in
William’s favour, and the pope was in a difficulty. At length Eugenius
resolved to deprive him, until the bishop of Durham should take the oath
which had been formerly required from him, and the cardinal-bishop of
Ostia read the sentence of deprivation. This was unfair treatment. It
was tantamount to trying a person a second time for the offence of which
he had already been acquitted. William left Rome in disgust, and spent
some time at the court of Roger king of Sicily, as the guest of Robert,
the chancellor of that monarch, who was an Englishman by birth. Whilst
he was staying there, the indignation of Eugenius was aroused by the
account of the attack upon Fountains abbey which had been made by some
of William’s indiscreet partizans. This unfortunate occurrence, together
with the urgent appeals of St. Bernard, probably induced the pope to
take summary measures against William. Murdac and the York clergy were
present at a council which was held at Rheims in 1147, over which
Eugenius himself presided, and there, in comjjliance with their request,
William was removed from his archbishopric, and the bishop of Durham and
the chapter of York were ordered to proceed to the election of another
primate within forty days after the receipt of the papal mandate.
Henry Murdac now stepped for awhile into the see of York, as has
been already stated, and William, returning from the Sicilian court,
found an asylum with his uncle at Winchester. The opposition that was
made to Murdac shews the sympathy which was felt for the ejected
prelate. At his uncle’s palace William received all the honours that
could be paid to an archbishop. High and low regarded him with affection
and compassion. He made no murmur himself against the sentence of
Eugenius.
“His duty is to stand and wait,
In resigniation to abide
The shock, and finalty secure
O'er pain and grief a triumph pure.”
The luxury and inertness of his previous life seem to have deserted him.
He was an altered man. He was sedulous in his devotions and study. Not a
harsh word against those who had wronged him ever passed his lips.
Affliction had wrought in him the end for which it was designed. It had
given him
“A soul by force of sorrows high
Uplifted to the purest sky
Of undisturbed humanity.”
William seems to have lived in retirement at Winchester during the whole
of the archiepiscopate of Murdac. When that prelate died in 1153 the
hopes of the sufferer again arose. The majority of the chapter of York
elected him their superior, and he hastened at once to Rome, not to
complain of his past wrongs, but to beg for present justice. All now
seemed willing to befriend him. Gregory, one of the most influential of
the cardinals, took up his cause with warmth, and William’s cousin, Hugh
de Puiset, who was then at Rome to expedite his own consecration as
bishop of Durham, did what he could for him. Anastatius, the new pope,
was moved by the account of his trials and the earnestness of his
pleading, and restored him to the honours of which he had been deprived,
giving him the wished-for pall. William returned to England with a light
heart, and kept the Easter of 1154 at Winchester, where he had so long
resided. Whilst he was in the South he is said to have paid a visit to
Canterbury, and there he had much friendly intercourse with Roger the
archdeacon. “That man shall be my successor,”' is said to have been his
remark. And so he was.
William now set out for York. Before he had entered into the city
he was met by Robert the dean and archdeacon Osbert, who had withstood
his election by the chapter, and they, hoping to prevent his approach to
their church, announced their intention of appealing from the decision
of their brethren to archbishop Theobald. William’s progress, however,
was not delayed by their opposition. He reached the city on the 9th of
May, a vast and rejoicing crowd accompanying him. As the party was
crossing the Ouse, the bridge, which was then made of wood, gave way,
and a number of persons were precipitated into the river. William is
said to have wrought a miracle in their behalf. We are told that he made
his prayers with tears to God for the sufferers, and, making over them
the sign of the cross, they were all saved. When a bridge of stone was
erected at that place, a chapel upon it, dedicated to St. William,
reminded the wayfarers of the legend.
William was in York but thirty days. On Trinity Sunday he
officiated in the minster, and almost before the service was over he was
seized with a very sudden and alarming attack of illness. He returned to
his residence, which was hard by, and a banquet was prepared for his
friends, whilst the archbishop sought his chamber, which he never left
alive. Like many others, he had a presentiment of what was coming on.
For eight days he was on the bed of sickness, and then, on the 8th of
June, he died. There was a story current in the middle ages to the
effect that he had been poisoned by something which his clerks or
enemies had put into the eucharistic wine, and on that account he was
afterwards regarded as a martyr. There is, however, no allusion to this
tale either in the MS. life of William, or in the account of him by
Stubbs. William of Newburgh, also, speaks contemptuously of the report,
and denies it on the authority of a monk of Rievaux of his acquaintance,
who had been intimately connected with the archbishop, and had been
present when he died. William died of a fever, and the suddenness of the
attack made his friends imagine that he had been poisoned. Archdeacon
Osbert, who had constantly opposed William, was looked upon as the
culprit. Symphorian, one of the clerks of the deceased prelate, charged
him with the crime in the presence of the king and coimcil, and was
desirous that the matter might be decided either by the combat or the
ordeal. Osbert professed his willingness to abide by the decision of an
ecclesiastical tribunal. We are told by John of Salisbury that he failed
to purge himself from the charge, but we do not know to what test he was
subjected. Gilbert Foliot, however, expresses a strong opinion as to the
innocence of the accused person, and the injustice of the proceedings
against him.
William was interred in the minster of York by his old friend
bishop Pudsey. His sufferings and character, the gentleness of his
disposition and his untimely end, won for him general sympathy. The
church of York had no saint at that time peculiar to itself, and the
chapter were most anxious, if possible, to procure the canonization of
William. Thirty-six miracles are said to have been wrought through the
mediation of the deceased archbishop, and a holy oil, one of the
mediæval accompaniments of supposed sanctity, is said to have flowed
from his tomb. In 1227 the archbishop and the chapter of York entreated
Honorius III. to enter William on the calendar, sending as their
representatives Godard the penancer, Elias Bernardi, one of the canons,
and Laurence, canon of Aquileia. Indulgences were also granted by the
archbishop of Canterbiuy, the bishops of Rochester, London, Lincoln,
Ardfert and Dublin, to those who visited the tomb; the papal assent,
however, was not immediately given, and a commission seems to have been
issued to make a full enquiry into the circumstances of the case. The
canonization was not completed until the pontificate of Nicholas III.,
when it was effected by the money and urgent entreaties of the
bishop-elect of Durham, the magnificent Anthony Bek, who was represented
at Rome by his cousin Stephen de Mauley, archdeacon of Cleveland. The depositio
of William was commemorated on the 8th of June, and his translation on
the 8th of January. At a council held in the minster on the 29th of
October, 1478, the last-mentioned ceremonial was transferred to the
Sunday next after the Epiphany, and it was ordered to be observed as a
double and principal festival.
The remains of William were interred in the nave of York minster,
near the south-west pillar of the lantern; they were removed in solemn
state to a nobler resting-place in the choir, on the 8th of January,
1283-4. On no other occasion has the cathedral received within its walls
a more illustrious assemblage. A double ceremony brought it there that
day—the translation of St. William, and the consecration of that
noble-minded man who had secured for the church of York the canonization
of its archbishop. Bek, who was called
“Le plus vaillant clerk de roiaume,”
was surrounded by the chief estates of England, including Edward I. and
his gentle consort. The king had recently fallen from an eminence, and
had escaped unhurt. He ascribed his good fortune to the agency of St.
William, and hastened to York to shew his gratitude by being present at
the translation of his body. The ceremonial on that occasion has been
detailed with an interesting minuteness.
On the night of the 6th of January, archbishop Wickwaine,
attended by the dean and the canons, went into the minster, Anthony Bek,
and his brother Thomas, the bishop of St. David’s, accompanying them.
The solemnity of the place and the time did not appal them, for they
were bent upon a holy work. They went to the tomb of William, and
prostrated themselves in lowliest obeisance. When their devotions were
finished, they arose and removed reverently the stone which served as a
lid to the sarcophagus in which the archbishop was laid. The body still
bore the vestments in which Puiset had committed it to the grave, and
was steeped and redolent, as the narrator tells us, with an odoriferous
oil. They began by removing the paten and chalice which lay beside the
remains; and then the archbishop and his companions carefully and
devoutly gathered together the bones from the head downwards, and
rolling them up, with the other things which were there, placed them for
the night in a capsule or case, which was sealed up and concealed until
the morrow. On the following day the reliques were minutely examined,
and everything that pertained to the body was deposited and secured in
an appropriate feretory. On the day after this was the festival of the
translation; and about the hour of prime the royal party, and a goodly
company of lords and prelates, were assembled in the church. The
archbishop preached a sermon in which he expatiated largely, no doubt,
upon the merits of his now sainted predecessor. When this was over, the
feretory was raised upon the shoulders of the king and others, and was
borne, probably with joyous music, around a portion of the choir to the
elevated shrine in which it was henceforward to be preserved.
The place in which the feretory was deposited was in all
probability behind the high altar, in the vacant space between it and
the eastermost screen. It was here that the shrine was erected and
decked with the offerings of the worshippers. It seems to have been
divided into two parts, one fitting into the other. The smaller part, in
which the reliques were enclosed, could be lifted, and seems to have
been borne processionally, on solemn occasions, through the minster and
the city. There were appended to it the little gifts which piety or
superstition had suggested—images, beads, rings, girdles, and jewels of
every description, of gold, silver, or precious stone. The skull of the
saint was kept by itself in a case of silver gilt. It was most richly
decorated. When the storm of the Reformation broke over the church, this
relique had a curious fate. On the 24th of October, 1541, the dean,
Richard Layton, who was a minion of the king, caused a chapter act to be
passed by which the head and its omamcnts were to be appropriated to the
use of the cathedral. The bones of William were now unhoused. In May,
1732, Mr. Drake, the historian of York, removed the stone in the nave of
the minster under which the remains of William were said to have been
deposited, and found under it, in a leaden box, a number of bones
huddled carelessly together without any order or arrangement. It seems
probable from this that the reliques had been laid in their old
resting-place after the feretory and the capsule had been destroyed.
The chapter of York in the middle ages paid great honour to St.
William, although, perhaps, his shrine had a less brilliant reputation
than that of any other Northern saint. As early as 1230 a chantry was
founded at the place of his interment by Elias Bernardi, one of the
canons who had been most anxious to secure his canonization. A chapel
dedicated to him was erected upon Ouse bridge, to commemorate what had
occurred when William came into the city before his death. In the
fifteenth century, a college, which bears his name, was built for the
use of the ecclesiastics in the minster, at the east end of the
cathedral. A considerable portion of it is now in existence. There is
still in the choir of the church of York “a storied window richly
dight,” detailing the principal events in William’s life. The monks of
Meaux treasured carefully among their reliques some of the hair of the
sainted archbishop.
St. William is not without his biographer. Some unknown writer
has drawn up an account of his life, which is now preserved in the
British Museum among the Harleian MSS., No. 2. It is in a hand of the
twelfth century, and belonged at one time to Thornton abbey. The style
is very inflated and diffuse, and the work contains nothing that we were
not previously acquainted with through the pages of John of Hexham and
William of Newburgh. There was another life of William among the MSS.
formerly belonging to Sir Simonds d’Ewes, which I have been unable to
trace. Capgrave, also, gives a short account of him in his Legenda,
which has been transferred by the Bollandists to their Acta
Sanctorum. The compilers of that invaluable collection were
unacquainted with the existence of any unpublished life of the saint.
I now give two hymns addressed to St. William. The first was
discovered accidentally in the Cottonian library. Alford, in his Annals,
could only quote a few lines of it; and the writer of the life in the Acta
Sanctorum, when he alludes to it, says regretfully, “totum utinam
dedisset.” The second is gathered from the Responsoria, etc., in the
service for the translation of St. William in the breviaries of the York
use. To those who are accustomed to hexameters and pentameters the
metres will be novel and refreshing. … [the hymns, in Latin, are printed
in full]
p John of Hexham, col. 274. Bromton, col.
1029, 1040. Stubbs, col. 1721. Wm. Neubr., i., 58. I do not find count
Herbert mentioned by any other writer as an officer of Henry; indeed,
there is nothing known about him.
s MSS. Cotton, Vitellius, A ii., 107. This
charter is printed in Dugd. Mon., vi.. 1196, where there are other deeds
connected with the same places, giving some interesting information
about the sons and grandchildren of Herbert the chamberlain.
t Dugd. Bar., i., 624. Herbert seems to have been the
elder son, and to have succeeded to his father’s estates in the fifth of
Stephen. Herbert filius Hcrberti and Willam, treasurer of York, his
brother, are mentioned as benefactors to Nostel priory in Rot. Chart.,
215.
The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal
saints vol 6 pp528-529 (Alban Butler, 1846)
June
8.
ST. WILLIAM, ARCHBISHOP OF
YORK, C.
HE was son of earl
Herbert, and Emma, sister to king Stephen. He learned from his infancy
that true greatness consists only in humility and virtue; and renounced
the world in his youth, employing his riches to purchase unfading
treasures in heaven by works of mercy to the poor, and giving himself
wholly to the study and practice of religion. Being promoted to holy
orders, he was elected treasurer in the metropolitical church of York,
under the learned and good archbishop Thurstan. When that prelate, after
having held his dignity twenty years, retired among the Cluniac monks at
Pontefract to prepare himself for his death, which happened the year
following, St. William was chosen archbishop by the majority of the
chapter, and consecrated at Winchester in September, 1144, according to
Le Neve’s Fasti.1 But Osbert, the archdeacon, a turbulent
man, procured Henry Murdach. a Cistercian monk of the abbey of
Fountains, who was also a man of great learning and a zealous preacher,
to be preferred at Rome, whither William went to demand his pall, and to
plead the cause of his constituents rather than his own. Being deprived
by pope Eugenius III., in 1147, he, who had always looked upon this
dignity with trembling, appeared much greater in the manner in which he
bore this repulse than he could have done in the highest honors. Being
returned into England, he went privately to Winchester, to his uncle
Henry, bishop of that see, by whom he was honorably entertained. He led
at Winchester a penitential life, in silence, solitude, and prayer, in a
retired house belonging to the bishop, bewailing the frailties of his
past life with many tears, for seven years. The archbishop Henry then
dying in 1153, and Anastasius IV. having succeeded Eugenius III. in the
see of Rome, St, William, to satisfy the importunity of others, by whom
he was again elected, undertook a second journey to Rome, and received
the pallium from his holiness. The saint on his return was met on the
road by Robert de Gaunt, dean, and Osbert, archbishop of the church of
York, who insolently forbade him to enter that city or diocese. He
received the affront with an engaging meekness, but pursued his journey.
He was received with incredible joy by his people. The great numbers who
assembled on that occasion to see and welcome him, broke down the wooden
bridge over the river Ouse, in the middle of the city of York, and a
great many persons fell into the river. The saint seeing this terrible
accident, made the sign of the cross over the river, and addressed
himself to God with many tears. All the world ascribed to his sanctity
and prayers the miraculous preservation of the whole multitude,
especially of the children, who all escaped out of the waters without
hurt. St. William showed no enmity and sought no revenge against his
most inveterate enemies, who had prepossessed Eugenius III. against him
by the blackest calumnies, and by every unwarrantable means had
obstructed his good designs. He formed many great projects for the good
of his diocese, and the salvation of souls, but within a few weeks after
his installation was seized with a fever, of which he died on the third
day of his sickness, on the 8th of June, 1154.† He was buried in his
cathedral; and canonized by pope Nicholas III. about the year 1280. At
the same time his body was taken up by archbishop William Wickwane, and
his relics put into a very rich shrine, and deposited in the nave of the
same metropolitan church in 1284. The feast of his translation was kept
on the 7th of January.2 King Edward I. and his whole court
assisted at this ceremony, during which many miracles are attested to
have been wrought. A table containing a list of thirty-six miracles,
with a copy of an indulgence of one hundred and forty days to all who
should devoutly visit his tomb, is still to be seen in the vestry, but
no longer legible, as Mr. Drake mentions.3 The shrine, with
its rich plate and jewels, was plundered at the reformation; but the
saint’s bones were deposited in a box within a coffin, and buried in the
nave, under a large spotted marble stone. Mr. Drake had the curiosity to
see the ground opened, and found them with their box and coffin in 1732.
He laid them again in the same place with a mark.4 See
Nicholas Trivet in his Annals of Six Kings of England, ad an. 1146;
Stubbs, Act. Pontif. Ebor. in S. Willelmo; Capgrave’s Legend; Gulielm.
Neubrig; De Rebus Anglicis sui temporis; Brompton, Gervasius Monachus
inter 10 Scriptor. Angliæ; and Drake, in his curious History and
Antiquities of York. Also Papebroke’s remarks, Jun. t. 2, p. 136.
1
P. 307.
2
See the York Breviary, printed at Paris in 1526.
3 P. 419.
4 Ib.
†
Hoveden advances that poison had been put into the chalice when he said
mass. But Gulielmus Neubrigensis, a canon regular, a Yorkshire-man, an
elegant and most diliient historian of that very time, in his history De
Rebus Anglicis sui Temporis, confutes that groundless surmise of the
vulgar.
8 June 1154, eight days after
suffering a seizure in his church. Accusation of poisoning were made to the
king against a rival, archdeacon Osbert, and a royal trial was scheduled,
but the accusation was never proven.
Fasti eboracenses. Lives of the archbishops of York vol
1 pp226-227 (William Henry Dixon, enlarged by James Raine, 1863)
William
was in York but thirty days. On Trinity Sunday he officiated in the
minster, and almost before the service was over he was seized with a
very sudden and alarming attack of illness. He returned to his
residence, which was hard by, and a banquet was prepared for his
friends, whilst the archbishop sought his chamber, which he never left
alive. Like many others, he had a presentiment of what was coming on.
For eight days he was on the bed of sickness, and then, on the 8th of
June, he died. There was a story current in the middle ages to the
effect that he had been poisoned by something which his clerks or
enemies had put into the eucharistic wine, and on that account he was
afterwards regarded as a martyr. There is, however, no allusion to this
tale either in the MS. life of William, or in the account of him by
Stubbs. William of Newburgh, also, speaks contemptuously of the report,
and denies it on the authority of a monk of Rievaux of his acquaintance,
who had been intimately connected with the archbishop, and had been
present when he died. William died of a fever, and the suddenness of the
attack made his friends imagine that he had been poisoned. Archdeacon
Osbert, who had constantly opposed William, was looked upon as the
culprit. Symphorian, one of the clerks of the deceased prelate, charged
him with the crime in the presence of the king and coimcil, and was
desirous that the matter might be decided either by the combat or the
ordeal. Osbert professed his willingness to abide by the decision of an
ecclesiastical tribunal. We are told by John of Salisbury that he failed
to purge himself from the charge, but we do not know to what test he was
subjected. Gilbert Foliot, however, expresses a strong opinion as to the
innocence of the accused person, and the injustice of the proceedings
against him.
|
|
The tomb of William FitzHerbert in the
crypt of York Minster, Yorkshire
|
Cathedral and Metropolitical Church
of St Peter in York (York
Minster), Yorkshire, England
Fasti eboracenses. Lives of the archbishops of York vol
1 pp227-230 (William Henry Dixon, enlarged by James Raine, 1863)
William
was interred in the minster of York by his old friend bishop Pudsey. His
sufferings and character, the gentleness of his disposition and his
untimely end, won for him general sympathy. The church of York had no
saint at that time peculiar to itself, and the chapter were most
anxious, if possible, to procure the canonization of William. Thirty-six
miracles are said to have been wrought through the mediation of the
deceased archbishop, and a holy oil, one of the mediæval accompaniments
of supposed sanctity, is said to have flowed from his tomb. In 1227 the
archbishop and the chapter of York entreated Honorius III. to enter
William on the calendar, sending as their representatives Godard the
penancer, Elias Bernardi, one of the canons, and Laurence, canon of
Aquileia. Indulgences were also granted by the archbishop of Canterbiuy,
the bishops of Rochester, London, Lincoln, Ardfert and Dublin, to those
who visited the tomb; the papal assent, however, was not immediately
given, and a commission seems to have been issued to make a full enquiry
into the circumstances of the case. The canonization was not completed
until the pontificate of Nicholas III., when it was effected by the
money and urgent entreaties of the bishop-elect of Durham, the
magnificent Anthony Bek, who was represented at Rome by his cousin
Stephen de Mauley, archdeacon of Cleveland. The depositio of
William was commemorated on the 8th of June, and his translation on the
8th of January. At a council held in the minster on the 29th of October,
1478, the last-mentioned ceremonial was transferred to the Sunday next
after the Epiphany, and it was ordered to be observed as a double and
principal festival.
The remains of William were interred in the nave of York minster,
near the south-west pillar of the lantern; they were removed in solemn
state to a nobler resting-place in the choir, on the 8th of January,
1283-4. On no other occasion has the cathedral received within its walls
a more illustrious assemblage. A double ceremony brought it there that
day—the translation of St. William, and the consecration of that
noble-minded man who had secured for the church of York the canonization
of its archbishop. Bek, who was called
“Le plus vaillant clerk de roiaume,”
was surrounded by the chief estates of England, including Edward I. and
his gentle consort. The king had recently fallen from an eminence, and
had escaped unhurt. He ascribed his good fortune to the agency of St.
William, and hastened to York to shew his gratitude by being present at
the translation of his body. The ceremonial on that occasion has been
detailed with an interesting minuteness.
On the night of the 6th of January, archbishop Wickwaine,
attended by the dean and the canons, went into the minster, Anthony Bek,
and his brother Thomas, the bishop of St. David’s, accompanying them.
The solemnity of the place and the time did not appal them, for they
were bent upon a holy work. They went to the tomb of William, and
prostrated themselves in lowliest obeisance. When their devotions were
finished, they arose and removed reverently the stone which served as a
lid to the sarcophagus in which the archbishop was laid. The body still
bore the vestments in which Puiset had committed it to the grave, and
was steeped and redolent, as the narrator tells us, with an odoriferous
oil. They began by removing the paten and chalice which lay beside the
remains; and then the archbishop and his companions carefully and
devoutly gathered together the bones from the head downwards, and
rolling them up, with the other things which were there, placed them for
the night in a capsule or case, which was sealed up and concealed until
the morrow. On the following day the reliques were minutely examined,
and everything that pertained to the body was deposited and secured in
an appropriate feretory. On the day after this was the festival of the
translation; and about the hour of prime the royal party, and a goodly
company of lords and prelates, were assembled in the church. The
archbishop preached a sermon in which he expatiated largely, no doubt,
upon the merits of his now sainted predecessor. When this was over, the
feretory was raised upon the shoulders of the king and others, and was
borne, probably with joyous music, around a portion of the choir to the
elevated shrine in which it was henceforward to be preserved.
The place in which the feretory was deposited was in all
probability behind the high altar, in the vacant space between it and
the eastermost screen. It was here that the shrine was erected and
decked with the offerings of the worshippers. It seems to have been
divided into two parts, one fitting into the other. The smaller part, in
which the reliques were enclosed, could be lifted, and seems to have
been borne processionally, on solemn occasions, through the minster and
the city. There were appended to it the little gifts which piety or
superstition had suggested—images, beads, rings, girdles, and jewels of
every description, of gold, silver, or precious stone. The skull of the
saint was kept by itself in a case of silver gilt. It was most richly
decorated. When the storm of the Reformation broke over the church, this
relique had a curious fate. On the 24th of October, 1541, the dean,
Richard Layton, who was a minion of the king, caused a chapter act to be
passed by which the head and its omamcnts were to be appropriated to the
use of the cathedral. The bones of William were now unhoused. In May,
1732, Mr. Drake, the historian of York, removed the stone in the nave of
the minster under which the remains of William were said to have been
deposited, and found under it, in a leaden box, a number of bones
huddled carelessly together without any order or arrangement. It seems
probable from this that the reliques had been laid in their old
resting-place after the feretory and the capsule had been destroyed.
The chapter of York in the middle ages paid great honour to St.
William, although, perhaps, his shrine had a less brilliant reputation
than that of any other Northern saint. As early as 1230 a chantry was
founded at the place of his interment by Elias Bernardi, one of the
canons who had been most anxious to secure his canonization. A chapel
dedicated to him was erected upon Ouse bridge, to commemorate what had
occurred when William came into the city before his death. In the
fifteenth century, a college, which bears his name, was built for the
use of the ecclesiastics in the minster, at the east end of the
cathedral. A considerable portion of it is now in existence. There is
still in the choir of the church of York “a storied window richly
dight,” detailing the principal events in William’s life. The monks of
Meaux treasured carefully among their reliques some of the hair of the
sainted archbishop.
wikipedia (William
of York)
The earliest
shine to William in York Minster dates to the 1220s in which William's
sarcophagus was buried 10 inches (25 cm) into the floor and a shrine
structure erected above it – this left the lid of the sarcophagus proud
of the structure to be accessible to pilgrims. In 1284 Bishop Bek paid
for the translation of William's body to a new shrine in the choir
behind the high altar; no trace of the shrine has been recorded. A tomb
shrine was built around 1330 on the site of William's original burial
place in the eastern-most bay of the nave. The latest, principal shrine
was located near the Minster's High Altar was built in 1471–1472.
There is no evidence of large scale pilgrimage to William's
shrines. However, numerous panels from the stained glass window in the
Minster depict petitioners and worshippers at the shrines. The upper
face of William's sarcophagus has been worn smooth, probably from the
hands of pilgrims touching it.
In 1541 the Privy Council ordered the demolishing of all of the
shrines in York Diocese. William's shrines were taken apart and buried
at Precentor's Court. Fragments of the shrines were discovered during
the 18th through 20th centuries. The sarcophagus containing William's
remains was rediscovered in 1732 and again in 1968. His remains are now
held in a shrine in the crypt of York Minster. Parts of the shrines are
in the Yorkshire Museum. During celebrations of the 800th anniversary of
William's canonisation in 2026, these pieces were put on display at York
Minster alongside a digital recreation of the shrine.
- Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p147
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); Dictionary of National Biography vol 19
p176 (ed. Leslie Stephen, 1889); Medieval
Lands (WILLIAM FitzHerbert)
- Medieval
Lands (WILLIAM FitzHerbert)
- Dictionary of National Biography vol 19
p176 (ed. Leslie Stephen, 1889); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p147
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); wikipedia
(William of York)
- Dictionary of National Biography vol 19
p176 (ed. Leslie Stephen, 1889); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p147
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); Medieval
Lands (WILLIAM FitzHerbert); wikipedia
(William of York)
- Fasti eboracenses. Lives of the archbishops of
York vol 1 pp226-227 (William Henry Dixon, enlarged by
James Raine, 1863); Dictionary of National Biography vol 19
p176 (ed. Leslie Stephen, 1889); Antiquities of Shropshire vol 7 p147
(Robert William Eyton, 1858); wikipedia
(William of York)
- Fasti eboracenses. Lives of the archbishops of
York vol 1 pp227-230 (William Henry Dixon, enlarged by
James Raine, 1863); The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other
principal saints vol 6 pp528-529 (Alban Butler, 1846); Dictionary of National Biography vol 19
p176 (ed. Leslie Stephen, 1889); "Saint's
shrine returns to Minster after 500 years." from BBC News 30 January
2026; wikipedia
(William of York)
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