Siward Family

Maud of Huntingdon

Her name is written in English as Maud, and in Latin as Mathilda

Father: Waltheof

Mother: Judith of Lens

Married (1st): Simon de St. Liz perhaps as early as 1090

Simon was the earl of Northampton and Huntingdon in consequence of his marriage to Mathilda. Around 1096, Simon joined the First Crusade. In 1098 he was captured during the Vexin campaign of king William Rufus and was subsequently ransomed. Sometime in the period 1093–1100, he and Matilda, founded the Priory of St Andrew's, Northampton. In addition to the Holy Sepulchre church in Northampton, he built Northampton Castle and the town walls. Simon died between 1111 and 1113, probably at the earlier date, in La Charité-sur-Loire in France, where he was buried.

The Complete Peerage vol 6 pp640-1 (George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by Vicary Gibbs, 1926)
      HUNTINGDON
EARLDOM.
II. ? 1090.
  2. SIMON DE ST. LIZ I,(d) said to be a son of RANULPH the Rich, a Norman,(e) appears to have come to England early in the reign of William II.(f) Presumably in consequence of his marriage, he became EARL OF HUNTINGDON and NORTHAMPTON after 1086 (for he is not named in Domesday Book) and in or before 1090, when he witnessed a charter to Bath Abbey as “Earl Simon.”(g) He witnessed another royal charter under the same designation a little later.(h) He fought for William in Normandy in 1098, and was taken prisoner by Louis, son of the French King.(i) On the accession of Henry I in 1100 he witnessed the charter of liberties issued by the King at his Coronation.(j) He built the Castle of Northampton,(k) and founded or refounded the Priory of St. Andrew in that town, and made it dependent on the Cluniac house of La Charité-sur-Loire; this was probably in the time of William Rufus,(l) but certainly before 1108, when he granted an ample charter to it in conjunction with Maud his wife.(m) He was a benefactor also to Daventry Priory,(n) and probably built St. Sepulchre’s, Northampton, about this time. He went to Jerusalem cruce signatus, and returned safely, but setting out again he died on the way at the abovenamed Priory of La Charité, and was bur. there.(a) He m., perhaps as early as 1090, when she would be aged about 18, Maud, eldest da. of Waltheof, EARL OF HUNTINGDON and NORTHAMPTON by Judith, niece of William I, both abovementioned. He d., as aforesaid, at La Charité, presumably in 1111 or shortly afterwards.(b) His widow m. DAVID I of Scotland, as below.
  (d) The form St. Liz (or de Sancto Licio) seems to be an attempt to provide an etymology for Senlis (Silva necta).
  (e) Vita et Passio, p. 18.
  (f) Freeman, Norman Conquest, vol. iv, p. 604.. According to the Vita (p. 18), he came with his elder brother Warner to serve the King with 40 knights. The late register of St. Andrew’s, Northampton, says they came in 1066 (Dugdale, Mon., vol. v, p. 190); and the Ramsey Chartulary (vol. i, p. 161) also says that the Conqueror was Simon’s patron.
  (g) Dugdale, Mon., vol. ii, p. 266.
  (h) Lincoln Chartulary, Cotton MS., Vesp., E xvi, f. 4. The Vita et Passio (p. 19) records a tradition that the King had assigned the Countess Judith to him as wife, and on her refusal (on account of Simon’s lameness) gave him Judith’s counties. Judith fled for hiding to the Ely marches, taking her daughters with her.
  (i) Freeman, William Rufus, vol. ii, p. 190, note.
  (j) Stubbs, Select Charters (ed. 1913), p. 119.
  (k) Vita et Passio, p. 18.
  (l) The St. Andrew’s register gives the date as 18 William [I], i.e. 1084.; there was no year 18 William II. In the register (f. 13 d) is a notification to Robert, Bishop of Lincoln and the men of Northamptonshire from William, King of the English (? Rufus), that he has confirmed all gifts made by Earl Simon to St. Mary de Caritate. It is witnessed by Niel of Lincoln. It is not noticed in Davis’s Regesta, but J. H. Round attributes it to William II (V.C.H. Northants, vol. i, p. 293).
  (m) Dugdale, Mon., vol. v, p. 191.
  (n) Idem, p. 180, a confirmation (1109).
  (a) Vita et Passio, p. 20. The St. Andrew’s register says this expedition was made in the time of Henry I, the Earl dying on his return journey. His body appears to have been removed to St. Neots and buried in the Priory Church (Cartulary, Faust., A iv, f. 79 d). The date of the gift in the charter cited (1100) may be due to bad copying.
  (b) The date of his death is uncertain. He was living in 1109, the year St. Anselm died as appears by a charter of his to Daventry (Dugdale, Mon., vol. v, p. 180) , and in 1111 (Two Bath Chartularies [Somerset Record Soc.], p. 47). Of his two sons, Simon, the elder, eventually became Earl of Huntingdon; the younger, St. Waltheof, became Abbot of Melrose (Acta SS., Aug., vol. i, p. 242) and d. 3 Aug. 1159. Maud, his daughter (d. 1140), m. Robert fitz Richard (d. 1134.), yr. son of Richard fitz Gilbert, of Clare and Tunbridge, ancestor of the FitzWalter family. See vol. v, sub FITZWALTER.

The Complete Peerage vol 9 p663 (George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by H. A. Doubleday, 1936)
      NORTHAMPTON
EARLDOM.
II. 1090?
  1. SIMON DE ST. LIZ I, who m., perhaps as early as 1090,(c) Maud, eldest da. of Waltheof abovenamed, became, presumably in consequence of his marriage, EARL OF NORTHAMPTON AND HUNTINGDON. He d. circa 1111. His widow m. DAVID I of Scotland.
  (c) See Farrer, Honors and Knights’ Fees, vol. ii, p. 296.

Children Married (2nd): David I of Scotland in 1113

Children Notes:
Gesta Normannorum ducum (Guillaume de Jumièges) book VIII p327 (ed. Jean Marx, 1914)
Interpolation de Robert de Torigny
Habuit enim idem Wallevus tres filias ex uxore sua, filia comitissae de Albamarla; quae comitissa fuit soror uterina Willelmi regis Anglorum senioris. Harum autem filiarum comitis Wallevi primogenitam accepit Simon Silvanectensis, cum comitatu Huntedoniae, et genuit ex ea unum filium vocatum Simonem (3). Mortuo autem Simone comite, David, frater secundae Mathildis regine Anglorum, duxit uxorem ejus (4); ex qua suscepit unum filium, scilicet Henricum. Sublatis autem de medio fratribus ejus Dudecano et Alexandro (5), regibus Scotorum ipse idem regnum suscepit. Aliam vero, scilicet Judith Rodulfus de Toeneio, sicut jam dictum est, duxit uxorem (6) tertiam Robertus, filius Ricardi, sicut modo commemoravimus.
  (2) Robert, frère de Gilbert 1er de Tunbridge, épousa une fille de Waltheof, comte de Northampton et d’Huntingdon. Voir Orderic, t. III, p. 402. Waltheof lui-même avait épousé Judith, fille de la comtesse d’Aumale Aelize qui était la sœur utérine du Conquérant.
  (3) Mathilde, autre fille de Waltheof, épousa Simon de Senlis qui en eut un fils nommé aussi Simon.
  (4) David, fils de Malcolm III et frère de Mathilde, la femme d’Henri 1er. Voir Orderic, t. III, p. 130 et p. 399. Il eut un fils nommé Henri. Orderic , t. III, p. 302.
  (5) Duncan II qui régna en Ecosse de 1093 à 1094. Alexandre fut roi d’Ecosse du 8 janvier 1107 au 24 avril 1124.
  (6) La fille de Waltheof qui épousa Raoul de Toeny s’appelait Aeliz d’après Orderic (t. IV, p. 198).
This roughly translates as:
Interpolation of Robert de Torigny
For the same Waltheof had three daughters by his wife, the daughter of the countess of Albamarla; which countess was the maternal sister of William the Elder, king of England. But of these daughters of the Earl Waltheof, Simon of Silvan, married the eldest, with the earldom of Huntingdon, and begat by her one son, called Simon (3). But when count Simon died, David, brother of the second Matilda, queen of England, married his wife (4); by whom he had one son, namely Henry. But when his brothers Duncan and Alexander (5) were removed from the midst, he himself assumed the same kingdom as the kings of Scotland.
  (3) Matilda, another daughter of Waltheof, married Simon of Senlis, who had a son by her, also named Simon.
  (4) David, son of Malcolm III and brother of Matilda, Henry I's wife. See Orderic, Vol. III, p. 130 and p. 399. He had a son named Henry. Orderic, Vol. III, p. 302.
  (5) Duncan II, who reigned in Scotland from 1093 to 1094. Alexander was King of Scotland from January 8, 1107, to April 24, 1124.

Andrew of Wyntoun’s Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland vol 2 p184 (ed. David Laing, 1872)
  Oure Lord this ilka Kyng Daẅy
To wyff weddyt a fayre lady,
The quhilk to name than had Dame Mald,
(As wes the Qwene hys systyr cald)
The Erlys dochtyr off Hwntyntowne
Willame, than haldyne off gret renowne,
And hys ayre. On hyr body
He gat a sown, wes cald Henry

John of Fordun’s Chronicle of the Scottish nation pp222-4 (ed. William F. Skene, 1872)
Before this King David was raised to the throne, the king of the English, his sister the good Queen Matilda’s husband, gave him to wife Matilda, the daughter and heiress of Waldeof, Earl of Huntingdon, and Judith, who was the niece of the first King William; and, of this Matilda, David had a son named Henry, a meek and godly man, and of a gracious spirit, in all things worthy to have been born of such a father.
 … They had a solemn interview on the subject of peace; and, at the instance of Queen Matilda,—Stephen’s wife, and King David’s niece through his sister Mary,—they came to an understanding to this effect: namely, that King David’s son, Henry, should do homage to King Stephen for the earldom of Huntingdon, and freely hold the earldom of Northumberland. For Matilda, this Henry’s mother, was the daughter and heiress of Waldeof, Earl of Huntingdon, who was the son and heir of Siward, Earl of Northumberland.
… In the seventh year of this same David, his wife. Queen Matilda, died, and was buried at Scone.

Holinshed’s Chronicle of England, Scotland and Ireland vol 5 p287 (ed. Raphaell Hollindshead, 1808)
  Whilest king Alexander was thus occupied in building and reparing of religious houses, his brother Dauid liued in England with his sister quéene Mauld, & through fauour which the king hir husband bare towards him, he obteined in marriage one Mauld, daughter vnto Woldosius or rather Waltheof earle of Huntington and Northumberland, begot of his wife the ladie Iudith that was neece vnto king William the Conqueror. And for that the said Woldosius or Waltheof had no other issue to inherit his lands, Dauid in right of his wife Mauld inioied the same, and was made earle of Huntington and Northumberland, and had issue by his wife a son named Henrie, by whome the lands of Huntington, and some part of Northumberland were annexed vnto the crowne of Scotland, as after shall appéere.

Scottish kings; a revised chronology of Scottish history, 1005-1625 pp59-61 (Archibald Hamilton Dunbar, 1899)
David the First.
… Married Matilda, daughter and heir of Waltheof, earl of Huntingdon, granddaughter of Siward, earl of Northumberland, and widow of Simon de St. Liz, about 1113-14.5
    The Earldom of Northampton and the Honour of Huntingdon were held by Earl David in right of his wife.6
… Queen Matilda, wife of King David I., died, and was buried at Scone in the 7th year of King David’s reign, between 23rd April 1130 and 22nd April 1131.20
…      ISSUE
King David the First had by his wife, Matilda of Huntingdon, two sons, Malcolm and Henry, and two daughters, Claricia and Hodierna, all of whom predeceased their father (Henry being the only one who lived to maturity):
  (I.) Malcolm, elder son of King David I., was strangled when a child by Donald Bane, ex-king of Scots.44
  (II.) Claricia, elder daughter of King David I., died unmarried.45
  (III.) Hodierna, younger daughter of King David I., died unmarried.46
  (IV.) ‘Henry, the Earl,’ younger son of King David I., earl of Northumberland and Huntingdon, married in 1139 Ada, daughter of William, earl of Warenne, and earl of Surrey. Earl Henry predeceased his father, David I., 12th June 1152, and was buried at Kelso.
  5. Chron. Huntingdon, 211; Chron. Johannis Bromton (Scriptores x.), 975, 1. 9; Fordun, bk. v. cc. 31, 32, her pedigree; Wyntoun, ii. 184, bk. vii. c. 6, 1. 940.
  6. Saxon Chron., ii. 221, ao 1124; Celtic Scotland, i. 457.
  20. Extracts, 71; Fordun, bk. v. c. 33, died in the 7th year of King David, and was buried at Scone; Wyntoun, ii. 194, bk. vii. c. 7, 1.1280; See also above, p. 59, No. 5
  44. Wyntoun, ii. 193-195, bk. vii. c. 9, 11. 1235-1296. See also above, Donald Bane, p. 43, No. 13.
  45. Orderic Vitalis, iii. 402, 403, bk. viii. c. 22, also 403, note 1.
  46. Ibid.

Dictionary of national biography vol 14 pp117-8 (ed. Leslie Stephen, 1888)
In 1113 David married Matilda, widow of Simon de St. Liz, Norman earl of Northampton, and daughter of the Saxon Waltheof, earl of Northumbria. By this marriage David received the honour of Huntingdon, and thus became an English baron, probably holding also the ward of the earldom of Northampton during the minority of his stepson, the son of St. Liz.
… David through zeal for religion had ordered an inquest to be made of the possessions formerly belonging to the see of Glasgow that they might be restored to it. The names of the lands of the church thus restored are, as might be expected, chiefly Celtic, and formed, whether they had originally belonged to the see of Kentigern or not, the later diocese of Glasgow. The inquest concludes with the names of five witnesses who swore to it and a larger number who were present and heard it read. Their names, a strange medley of Celtic, Saxon, and Norman, afford a pregnant proof of the mixed population even among the class of landowners. Matilda the countess, David's wife, and her grandson William were parties to the inquest.

Medieval Lands
MATILDA [Matilda] of Huntingdon ([1071/74]-[23 Apr 1130/22 Apr 1131], bur Scone Abbey, Perthshire). Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the marriage of Matilda eldest daughter of Judith and "Earl Simon. Orderic Vitalis records that David King of Scotland married “filiam...Guallevi comitis et Judith consobrinæ regis” who brought him “binosque comitatus Northamtonæ et Huntendonæ” which “Simon Silvanectensis comes” had possessed with her. Robert of Torigny records that the wife of "David [rex Scotiæ] frater [Alexandri]" was "filiam Gallevi comitis et Judith consobrini regis", naming "Symon Silvanectensis comes" as her first husband. "Matilde comitisse, Henrico filio comitis…" witnessed the charter dated to [1120] under which "David comes filius Malcolmi Regis Scottorum" founded the abbey of Selkirk. "Matildis comitissa…" witnessed inquisitions by "David…Cumbrensis regionis princeps", dated 1124, concerning land owned by the church of Glasgow. m firstly ([1090]) SIMON de Senlis [Saint Lis], son of RANOUL "le Riche" his wife --- (-Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire [1111], bur Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire). Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton de iure uxoris. m secondly (1113) DAVID of Scotland Prince of Cumbria, son of MALCOLM III "Caennmor/Bighead" King of Scotland his wife Margaret of England ([1080]-Carlisle 24 May 1153, bur Dunfermline Abbey, Fife). Earl of Northampton and Huntingdon de iure uxoris. He succeeded his brother in 1124 as DAVID I King of Scotland.

Death: in the 7th year of King David’s reign, i.e. between 23rd April 1130 and 22nd April 1131

Holinshed’s Chronicle of England, Scotland and Ireland vol 5 p289 (ed. Raphaell Hollindshead, 1808)
But now in the meane time, whilest the estate of the common-wealth in Scotland stood in high felicitie, vnder the prosperous gouernement of king Dauid, there happened to him an heauie losse. For the quéene his wife the foresaid Mauld deceassed in hir flourishing age, a woman of passing beautie and chastitie, which two points (as is thought) commend a woman aboue all the rest. King Dauid therefore tooke such giiefe for hir death, that he would neuer after giue his mind to marie anie other, but passed the residue of his life without companie of all women. She was buried in Scone, in the yeare of our Lord God 1132.

Buried: Scone Abbey, Gowrie, Scotland

Sources:

Siward

Married (1st): Ælflæd

Children:
Married (2nd): Godgifu

Dictionary of national biography vol 52 p319 (ed. Sidney Lee, 1897)
[Siward's] second wife was Godgifu, a widow, who died not long after her marriage to him. Before she married him she gave Ryhall and Belmesthorpe, near Stamford, to the monastery of Peterborough, to pass to the monks after her death, but when she died Siward made agreement with the abbot that he should keep them during his life (Codex Dipl. iv. No. 927).

Occupation: Earl of Northumberland and later also the earl of Huntingdonshire and perhaps Nothampton

Notes:
Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis and Miracula Sacti Waldevi (both printed in Chroniques anglo-normandes pp98-142 (ed. Francisque Michel, 1836)) form a hagiography, or saint's life, of Waltheof, written in Latin. It contains some historical information about Waltheof and Siward, as well as legendary and fantastical elements, such as dragon slaying and animal ancestors.

The chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon pp204-5 (ed. Thomas  Forester, 1853)
About this time [A.D. 1064], Siward, the powerful Earl of Northumbria, a giant in stature, whose vigour of mind was equal to his bodily strength, sent his son on an expedition into Scotland. He was slain in the war, and when the news reached his father, he inquired: “Was his death-wound received before or behind?” The messengers replied, “Before.” Then said he, “I greatly rejoice; no other death was fitting either for him or me.”3 Whereupon, Siward led an army into Scotland, and having defeated the king and ravaged the whole kingdom, he reduced it to subjection to himself. 
… The year following, the stout Earl Siward being seized with dysentery, perceived that his end was approaching; upon which he said, “Shame on me that I did not die in one of the many battles I have fought, but am reserved to die with disgrace the death of a sick cow! At least put on my armour of proof, gird the sword by my side, place the helmet on my head, let me have my shield in my left hand, and my gold-inlaid battle-axe in my right hand, that the bravest of soldiers may die in a soldier’s garb.” Thus he spoke, and when armed according to his desire, he gave up the ghost. As Waltheof, his son, was of tender years, the earldom was conferred on Tosti, son of Earl Godwin.
  3 This anecdote of the stout Earl Siward, immortalized by Shakspeare, and the subsequent one of the manner in which the Earl himself met his death, rest on the authority of Henry of Huntingdon, like others for which we are wholly indebted to him. The Saxon Chronicle informs us of Siward’s expedition into Scotland against the usurper Macbeth.

Dictionary of national biography vol 52 pp318-9 (ed. Sidney Lee, 1897)
  SIWARD, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND (d. 1055), called Digera or the strong (Vita Ædwardi, p. 401), a Dane, is said to have been the son of a Danish jarl named Biorn. According to legend he was descended from a white bear and a lady. Fitting out a ship, he is said to have sailed to Orkney, where he overcame a dragon, went thence to Northumbria, and, in obedience to a supernatural command, to London, where he entered the service of King Edward the Confessor. In that capacity he is described as slaying Tostig, the Earl of Huntingdon, who was stated to be the queen’s brother-in-law. and he received Tostig’s earldom (Origo et Gesta Siwardi ap. Scriptures rerum Danicarum, iii. 288; BROMTON, cols. 945-6). As a matter of fact, he probably came to England with Canute, and received the earldom of Deira after the death of Eadwulf Cutel, the earl of Northumbria, when the Northumbrian earldom appears to have been divided (SYM. DUNELM. i. 219). He is described as earl in the attestation of a charter dated 1026 (Codex Dipl. iv. No. 742; if this charter is genuine, Freeman’s belief as to the date when Siward became earl, Norman Conquest, i. 587, and n.1 needs modification). He married Ælflæd, daughter of Ealdred, earl of Bernicia, the nephew of Eadwulf Cutel. In 1041 he was employed by Hardecanute [q. v.], along with Earls Godwin [q. v.] and Leofric [q. v.], to ravage Worcestershire. At the king’s instigation [see under HARDECANUTE] he in this year slew his wife’s uncle Eadwulf, who had succeeded his brother Ealdred in Bernicia, and received his earldom, becoming earl of the whole of Northumberland from the Humber to the Tweed (SYM. DUNELM. i. 91), and also held, probably at a later date, the earldom of Huntingdonshire (Codex Dipl. iv. No. 903; Norman Conquest, i. 792, 3rd ed.) He accompanied Edward the Confessor from Gloucester to Winchester when, in 1043, the king seized the treasures of his mother Emma [q. v.] Ethelric, bishop of Durham, complained to him in 1045, that he had been driven out from his bishopric by the clerks of Durham, for he had been elected against their will; he offered the earl money to reinstate him, and Siward compelled the clerks to receive him back (SYM. DUMELM. u.s.)
  Siward upheld Edward the Confessor [q. v.] in his quarrel with Godwin in 1051. The story that he joined Archbishop Stigand [q. v.] and Earls Godwin and Leofric, in advising the king to appoint Duke William as his successor, and in swearing to uphold this arrangement (WILLIAM OF POITIERS, p. 129), is incredible as it stands, but may refer to a promise made by Edward during William’s visit in this year (cf. Norman Conquest, ii. 296-303, iii. 678). In pursuance of the king’s command, Siward invaded Scotland both by sea and land with a large force in 1054. The king of Scotland was Macbeth [q. v.], who had slain his predecessor Duncan I [q. v.], the husband of a sister or cousin of the earl (SKENE), and Siward’s invasion was evidently undertaken on behalf of Duncan’s son Malcolm [see MALCOLM III called CANMORE]. A fierce battle took place on 27 July; the Scots were routed, Macbeth fled, and Malcolm appears to have been established as king of Cumbria in the district south of the Firths of Forth and Clyde. Many of the earl’s followers were slain in the battle, both English and Danes, and among them his elder son Osbeorn and his nephew Siward. It is said that when he heard that Osbeorn had fallen, he asked whether he had received his death wound before or behind, and on being told that it was before, said, ‘I am right glad, for no other death would be worthy of me or my son’ (HEN. HUNT. p. 194). Early in 1055 he died at York. When he felt that his end was near, he is said to have cried, ‘How shameful is it that I could not have died in one of all my fights, and have lived on to die at last like a cow,’ i.e. lying in his bed. Then he bade his attendants arm him with his breast-plate, helmet, and shield, and give him his sword and gilded axe, that he might meet death as a warrior, and so standing fully armed he died (ib. p. 196). Siward had built a minster at a place called Galmanho, close to York, where the abbey of St. Mary afterwards stood, and dedicated it to St. Olaf, and there he was buried. He was of almost gigantic size; he seems to have been violent and unscrupulous, but must on the whole have been a just as well as a strenuous ruler. By his first wife Ælflæd, he had two sons, Osbeorn and Waltheof [q. v.] On his marriage with her he gave her Barmpton, near Darlington, and five other estates which were claimed by the church of Durham; she, however, declared that they were hers by hereditarv right, and left them to her son Waltheof (SYM. DUNELM. i. 219-20). His second wife was Godgifu, a widow, who died not long after her marriage to him. Before she married him she gave Ryhall and Belmesthorpe, near Stamford, to the monastery of Peterborough, to pass to the monks after her death, but when she died Siward made agreement with the abbot that he should keep them during his life (Codex Dipl. iv. No. 927). Siward and his son Osbeorn, called by Shakespeare ‘young Siward,’ appear in ‘Macbeth.’
  [A.-S. Chron. ed. Plummer; Flor. Wig. (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Sym. Dunelm. (Rolls Ser.); Vita Ædwardi ap. Lives of Edward the Conf. (Rolls Ser.); Will, of Malmesbury’s Gesta Regum (Rolls Ser.); Will. of Poitiers ap. Gesta Wilhelmi I, ed. Giles; Hen. Hunt. (Rolls Ser.); Langebek’s Scriptores Rerum Danicarum; Kemble’s Codex Dipl. (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Freeman’s Norman Conquest; Skene’s Celtic Scotland.]      W. H.

The Complete Peerage vol 9 pp702-3 (George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by H. A. Doubleday, 1936)
      NORTHUMBERLAND
  The following were Earls or administrators of Northumberland from the time immediately preceding the Conquest till the Earldom was taken in hand by William Rufus.
  SIWARD, a Dane, who perhaps came to England with Cnut, was an Earl (probably of the southern—Danish—portion of the ancient Northumbria) in or before 1041.(c) His marriage had given him some claim to the hereditary Earldom of Northumberland, and in or before 1042 the murder of his wife’s uncle Eadulf put him, as Earl, in possession of the whole of Northumbria, from Humber to Tweed.(d) He was presumably Earl also of Northampton and Huntingdon—see those titles. He gave active support to the Confessor against Earl Godwin and his sons, and in 1054 led a force of English and Danes against the Scottish usurper Macbeth, which put Malcolm, regis Cumbrorum filium, upon his murdered father’s throne.(a) He m, 1stly, Elfleda, da. of Aldred, EARL OF NORTHUMBRIA (d. s.p.m.); and, 2ndly, Godiva, a widow.(b) He d. 1055, at York, and was bur. at the neighbouring abbey of Galmanho, which he had founded.(c)
  (c) When, with Earls Leofric and Godwin,.he was sent by Harthacnut to ravage Worcestershire (Florence of Worcester, Chron. vol. i, p. 195). With these Earls he attested many charters of Harthacnut, and later of Edward the Confessor.
  (d) Eadurlf had succeeded to the hereditary Earldom, on the death of his half-brother Aldred, to the exclusion of his brother’s daughters and heirs, 3 years previously. (Simeon of Durham, Hist. Cont., Surtees Soc., p. 91).
  (a) Flor. of Worc., vol. i, pp. 205, 206; Earle, Two Saxon Chron., vol. i, pp. 174, 175. In the Scottish expedition his eldest son Osbeorn was slain.
  (b) Codex Diplom., vol. iv, no. 927—possib1y widow of Halfdene s. of Brinctin, who gave “in” Ryhall and Belmisthorpe (a hamlet of Ryhall), Rutland, to Peterborough Abbey (Dugdale,.Mon., vol. i, p. 386).
  (c) Earle, op. cit., vol. i, p. 184. The Vita Æduuardi Regis (Rolls Sen), p. 408, says in the church of St. Olaf; and the Chron. Petriburg., ed. Giles, p. 50, in St. Mary’s outside York.

The Complete Peerage vol 6 p638 (George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by Vicary Gibbs, 1926)
      HUNTINGDON
… SIWARD, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, appears to have held it immediately afterwards, being addressed as Earl in a charter of King Edward which may be dated 1050 to 1052.(c) He m. Ælfled, da. of Aldred of Bernicia.(d) He d. in 1055, when, his surviving son Waltheof being too young, the Earldoms of Northumberland and Northampton were bestowed on Tostig, brother of Harold and a favourite of the King, who is styled Earl of Northampton in a royal confirmation of agreements between the Abbey of Ramsey and those of Peterborough and Thorney,(e) and probably held the Earldom of Huntingdon also until his banishment in Oct. 1065.
  (c) Idem [Chron. of Ramsey (Rolls Ser.)], p. 165. The chroniclers relate a traditional story that his predecessor was one Tosti, a Dane, who when on his way to visit the King insulted Siward; that Siward took no notice, but that on Tosti’s return he cut off his head, carried it to the King, and demanded the Earldom, for he had been promised the next dignity that fell to the King’s hands. See “Gesta Siwardi” in Langebek, Scriptores Rerum Danicarum, vol. iii, p. 290; John of Brompton, in Twysden, X Scriptores, pp. 945-6.
  (d) Symeon of Durham (Rolls Ser.), vol. 11, p. 199.
  (e) Chron. of Ramsey (Rolls Ser.), p. 167. In the Chron. Petriburgense (ed. Giles), p. 50, Waltheof is said to have succeeded his father in the Earldom of Northampton.

The Complete Peerage vol 9 pp662-3 (George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by H. A. Doubleday, 1936)
      NORTHAMPTON(a)
  Observations.—Lapse of time has deprived us of direct proof that Siward was Earl of Northampton as well as Earl of Huntingdon, and Tostig, who succeeded to his vast estates, Earl of Huntingdon as well as Earl of Northampton.(b) To both of them, as well as to Waltheof, s. of Siward, who obtained possession of his father’s Honour of Huntingdon in 1065, and of his Earldom of Northumberland in 1072,(c) were presumably addressed writs such as that to Tostig, Earl of Northampton,(d) record of which has survived for nearly 900 years.

Death of Siward
Death of Earl Siward
This 1861 painting by James Smetham depicts the tale that Siward on his deathbed bade his attendants to dress him in full armour, so that he might meet death as a warrior
image posted on wikipedia
Death: 1055, at York, Yorkshire, England

Burial: in a minster dedicated to St Olaf, built by Siward, at a place called Galmanho, close to York, where the abbey of St. Mary afterwards stood.

Sources:

Waltheof

Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria
This statue has been traditionally identified as Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria. It is on the fourth tier of the Croyland Abbey's west front of the ruined nave; the statue dates from the 15th century.
photo by Thorvaldsson in May 2009 posted on wikipedia
Father: Siward

Mother: Ælflæd

Married: Judith of Lens in 1070

Children:
Occupation: Earl of Northampton and Huntingdon, and Earl of Northumberland

Notes:
Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis and Miracula Sacti Waldevi (both printed in Vita Quorundum Anglo-Saxonum pp1-30 (ed. John Allen Giles, 1854)) form a hagiography, or saint's life, of Waltheof, written in Latin. It contains some historical information about Waltheof and Siward, as well as legendary and fantastical elements.

Gesta Normannorum ducum (Guillaume de Jumièges) book VIII pp327-8 (ed. Jean Marx, 1914)
Interpolation de Robert de Torigny
Roberto autem, filio Ricardi, successit filius suus primogenitus, natus ex quadam filiarum Wallevi, comitis Huntedoniae (2). Habuit enim idem Wallevus tres filias ex uxore sua, filia comitissae de Albamarla; quae comitissa fuit soror uterina Willelmi regis Anglorum senioris. Harum autem filiarum comitis Wallevi primogenitam accepit Simon Silvanectensis, cum comitatu Huntedoniae, et genuit ex ea unum filium vocatum Simonem (3). Mortuo autem Simone comite, David, frater secundae Mathildis regine Anglorum, duxit uxorem ejus (4); ex qua suscepit unum filium, scilicet Henricum. Sublatis autem de medio fratribus ejus Dudecano et Alexandro (5), regibus Scotorum ipse idem regnum suscepit. Aliam vero, scilicet Judith Rodulfus de Toeneio, sicut jam dictum est, duxit uxorem (6) tertiam Robertus, filius Ricardi, sicut modo commemoravimus.
  (2) Robert, frère de Gilbert 1er de Tunbridge, épousa une fille de Waltheof, comte de Northampton et d’Huntingdon. Voir Orderic, t. III, p. 402. Waltheof lui-même avait épousé Judith, fille de la comtesse d’Aumale Aelize qui était la sœur utérine du Conquérant.
  (3) Mathilde, autre fille de Waltheof, épousa Simon de Senlis qui en eut un fils nommé aussi Simon.
  (4) David, fils de Malcolm III et frère de Mathilde, la femme d’Henri 1er. Voir Orderic, t. III, p. 130 et p. 399. Il eut un fils nommé Henri. Orderic , t. III, p. 302.
  (5) Duncan II qui régna en Ecosse de 1093 à 1094. Alexandre fut roi d’Ecosse du 8 janvier 1107 au 24 avril 1124.
  (6) La fille de Waltheof qui épousa Raoul de Toeny s’appelait Aeliz d’après Orderic (t. IV, p. 198).
This roughly translates as:
Interpolation of Robert de Torigny
But Robert, the son of Richard, was succeeded by his eldest son, born of one of the daughters of Waltheof, Earl of Huntingdon (2). For the same Waltheof had three daughters by his wife, the daughter of the countess of Albamarla; which countess was the maternal sister of William the Elder, king of England. But of these daughters of the Earl Waltheof, Simon of Silvan, married the eldest, with the earldom of Huntingdon, and begat by her one son, called Simon (3). But when count Simon died, David, brother of the second Matilda, queen of England, married his wife (4); by whom he had one son, namely Henry. But when his brothers Duncan and Alexander (5) were removed from the midst, he himself assumed the same kingdom as the kings of Scotland. But another, namely Judith, Rodulfus of Toeneio, as has already been said, Robert, the son of Richard, married as a third wife (6), as we have just mentioned.
  (2) Robert, brother of Gilbert I of Tunbridge, married a daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Northampton and Huntingdon. See Orderic, Vol. III, p. 402. Waltheof himself had married Judith, daughter of the countess of Aumale Aelize, who was the Conqueror's half-sister.
  (3) Matilda, another daughter of Waltheof, married Simon of Senlis, who had a son by her, also named Simon.
  (4) David, son of Malcolm III and brother of Matilda, Henry I's wife. See Orderic, Vol. III, p. 130 and p. 399. He had a son named Henry. Orderic, Vol. III, p. 302.
  (5) Duncan II, who reigned in Scotland from 1093 to 1094. Alexander was King of Scotland from January 8, 1107, to April 24, 1124.
  (6) Waltheof's daughter, who married Raoul de Toeny, was named Aeliz, after Orderic (vol. IV, p. 198).

The historical works of Simeon of Durham in The Church Historians of England vol 3 part 2 p767 (ed. Joseph Stevenson, 1855)
Simeon’s account of the siege of Durham
Earl Waltheof, the grandson of earl Aldred,—for he was the son of his daughter,—some time afterwards avenged the death of his grandfather with a mighty slaughter; for which purpose he had collected a large assembly of young men. For when the sons of Carl were feasting together in the house of their elder brother, at Seteringeton, not far from York, the party which had been despatched there for that purpose fell upon them unawares, and put the whole of them to death, with the sole exception of Cnut, whose life was spared from regard to his innate excellence of disposition. Sumerlede, who is alive at this present day, happened not to be there. Having massacred the sons and grandsons of Carl, they returned, carrying with them many and diverse spoils.

Dictionary of national biography vol 59 pp265-7 (ed. Sidney Lee, 1899)
  WALTHEOF, or Lat. WALDEVUS or GUALLEVUS (d. 1076), Earl of Northumberland, was the only surviving son of Siward [q. v.], earl of Northumbria, by his first wife, Elfleda, Ælflaed, or Æthelflaed, one of three daughters of Earl Ealdred or Aldred, son of Earl Uhtred [q. v.] Waltheof was a mere boy at his father’s death in 1055. From the fact that he had learned the psalter in his youth it may be conjectured that he was intended for the monastic life, that the death of his elder brother [see under SIWARD] caused this intention to be abandoned, and that his early training was not without some influence on his life. At a later time he was Earl of Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire, the most probable date for his appointment being that of the downfall of Tostig [q. v.] in 1065 (FREEMAN, Norman Conquest, ii. 559-60). That he took part in the battle of Fulford against the Danes is unlikely (it is asserted only by Snorro, LAING, iii. 84, where there seems a confusion between him and Edwin the brother of Morcar [q. v.]), and there is no trustworthy evidence that he was at the battle of Hastings (ib. p. 95; FREEMAN, u.s. iii. 352, 426, 526). Along with other great Englishmen, he was taken by the Conqueror to Normandy in 1067.
  When the Danish fleet was in the Humber in September 1069, Waltheof joined it with some ships, and in the fight at York with the garrison of the castle took his stand at one of the gates, and as the French fugitives issued forth from the burning city cut them down one by one, for he was of immense strength; his prowess on this occasion is celebrated by a contemporary Norse poet, who says that ‘he burnt in the hot fire a hundred of the king’s henchmen’ (Corpus Poeticum Boreale, ii. 227). After the Danes had left England he went to meet the king, who was encamped by the Tees in January 1070, submitted to him, took an oath of fealty, and was restored to his earldom (ORDERIC, p. 515). William gave him to wife his niece Judith, a daughter of his sister Adelaide, by Enguerrand, count of Ponthieu, and in 1072 appointed him to succeed Gospatric [q. v.] as earl of Northumberland. He was friendly with Walcher [q. v.], bishop of Durham, and was always ready to enforce the bishop’s decrees.
  Through his mother Waltheof inherited the blood feud which had been begun by the murder of his great-grandfather, Earl Uhtred, and, hearing in 1073 that the sons of Carl, the murderer of his grandfather Ealdred, were met together with their sons to feast at the house of their eldest brother at Settrington in the East Riding, he sent a strong band of men, who fell upon them unawares, slew them all except two of Carl’s sons—Canute, who was extremely popular, and Sumorled, who chanced not to be there—and returned to their lord laden with spoil of all kinds. In 1075 he was present at the wedding feast of Ralph Guader [q. v.] or Wader, earl of Norfolk; and he was invited to join in the conspiracy, that was made on that occasion, to divide the whole country between him and the Earl of Norfolk and Hereford, one of them to be the king and the other two earls. He appears to have been entrapped against his will into giving his consent (FLOR. WIG. an. 1074; ORDERIC, pp. 534-5, represents him as refusing his consent, but swearing secrecy). He repented, and as soon as he could went to Lanfranc [q. v.] and confessed to him the unlawful oath that he had taken. The archbishop prescribed him a penance, and counselled him to go to the king, who was then in Normandy, and lay the whole matter before him. He went to William, told him what he had done, offered him treasure, and implored his forgiveness. The king took the matter lightly, and Waltheof remained with him until his return to England, when the rebellion was over. Before long, however, the Danish fleet, which had been invited over by the rebels, appeared in the Humber, and the king caused Waltheof to be arrested and imprisoned.
  At Christmas he was brought to trial before the king at Winchester, on the charge of having been privy to, and having abetted, the late rebellion, his wife Judith informing against him. He allowed that he knew of the conspiracy, but flatly denied that he had in any way abetted it. Sentence was deferred, and he was committed to stricter custody at Winchester than before. In prison he passed his time in seeking to make his peace with God by prayers, watchings, fastings, and alms-giving, often weeping bitterly, and daily, it is said, reciting the whole psalter, which he had learned in his youth (ib. p. 536; FLOR. WIG.) He is also said to have besought the king to allow him to become a monk (Liber de Hyda, p. 294).
  Lanfranc expressed his conviction that the earl was innocent of treason and that his penitence was sincere (FLOR. WIG.) That he did take the oath of conspiracy seems as certain as that he speedily repented of doing so. It is probable that the other conspirators, with or without his assent, used his name to induce the Danes, with whom it would have great influence, to invade England; that he did not tell this to the king, and possibly was not aware of it; and that when William found that the Danish fleet had come, he thought far more seriously of Waltheof’s part in the conspiracy than before, and was led by his niece, the earl’s wife, to believe, truly or falsely, that her husband was the cause of their coming.
  On 15 May 1076 his case was considered in the king’s court; he was condemned to death for having consented when men were plotting against the life of his lord, for not having resisted them, and for having forborne publicly to denounce their conspiracy. The order for his execution was soon sent down to Winchester, and early on the morning of the 31st he was led forth from prison before the citizens had risen from their beds, for his guards feared that a rescue might be attempted, and was taken to St. Giles’s Hill, which overlooks the city. He wore the robes of his rank as earl, and when he came to the place where he was to be beheaded distributed them among the clergy and the few poor men who happened to be present. He asked that he might say the Lord’s prayer. When he had said ‘Lead us not into temptation,’ his voice was choked with tears. The headsman would wait no longer; he drew his sword, and with one blow cut off the earl’s head. The bystanders declared that they heard the severed head clearly pronounce the last words of the prayer, ‘but deliver us from evil, Amen.’
  Waltheof was tall, well made, and extraordinarily strong. Matchless as a warrior, he was weak and unstable in character; he seems to have been made a tool of by the conspirators in 1075, and was probably so deficient in insight as to interpret the Conqueror’s clemency to him in 1070 as a sign of weakness, and the subsequent favour that he showed him as a proof that his importance was far greater than it really was. In spite of his vengeance on the family of Carl, which must be viewed in connection with the barbarous state of the north and with the doings of his immediate ancestors, he was a religious man, a constant and devout attendant on divine services, and very liberal to the clergy, monks, and poor. He enriched the abbey of Crowland in South Lincolnshire, bestowing on it the lordship of Barnack in Northamptonshire, to help Abbot Ulfcytel in building his new church, and placed his cousin Morkere, the younger son of Ligulf [see under WALCHER] by Waltheof’s mother’s sister, at Jarrow to be educated as a monk, giving the convent with him the church and lordship of Tynemouth (SYMEON, Historia Regum, c. 166; Monasticon, i. 236). Nevertheless he unjustly kept possession of two estates in Northamptonshire that had been given to Peterborough by his stepmother, and had after her death been held, with the consent of the convent, by his father Siward for his life. He entered into an agreement with the abbot Leofric, in the presence of Edward the Confessor, by which he received five marcs of gold in consideration of at once giving up one of the estates, keeping the other for his life, but broke the agreement and kept both. During the reign of Harold he repented, and, going to Peterborough, assured the convent that both should come to it on his death (Codex Diplomaticus, iv. No. 927); they were, however, both held by the widow (Norman Conquest, iv. 257).
  Waltheof’s execution was an unprecedented event, and the Conqueror, who, though terrible in his punishments, never condemned any one else to death, must have been influenced in his case by some special consideration such as would be afforded by the belief that he was the main cause of a foreign invasion. The act of severity has been regarded as the turning point in William’s reign, and was believed to have been connected with his subsequent troubles and ill-success (FREEMAN, u.s. p. 605; ORDERIC, p. 544). Though his father was a Dane by birth, Waltheof was regarded as a champion of English freedom and a national hero, and his penitence and death caused him to be venerated by the English as a saint and martyr. His body was first buried hastily at the place of execution; a fortnight later the Conqueror, at Judith’s request, allowed Abbot Ulfcytel to remove it to Crowland, where it was buried in the chapter-house of the abbey. Ten years later Ulfcytel was deposed, possibly because he encouraged the reverence paid to the earl’s memory at Crowland (FREEMAN). His successor, Ingulf [q. v.], caused Waltheof’s body to be translated and laid in the church in 1092, when, on the coffin being opened, it was found to be undecayed and to have the head united to it, a red line only marking the place of severance. Miracles began to be worked in great number at the martyr’s new tomb (ORDERIC; WILL. MALM.; Miracula S. Waldevi). The next abbot, Geoffrey (d. 1124), though he was a Frenchman, would not allow a word to be spoken in disparagement of the earl, and was rewarded with a vision of Waltheof in company with St. Bartholomew and St. Guthlac, when the apostle and the hermit made up by their alternate remarks an hexameter line to the effect that Waltheof was no longer headless, and, though he had been an earl, was then a king (ORDERIC). Under the next abbot, Waltheof, the son of Gospatric, the monks sent to the English-born Orderic, who had beforetime visited their house, to write an epitaph for the earl, which he did and inserted in his ‘History.’
  Waltheof left three daughters. The eldest, Matilda, married, first, Simon de Senlis, who was in consequence made earl of Northampton [q. v.]; by him she was mother of Waltheof (d. 1159) [q. v.]; she married, secondly, David I [q. v.] king of Scotland. The second, Judith, married Ralph of Toesny, the younger; and the third married Robert FitzRichard [see under CLARE, RICHARD DE, d. 1090?] (WILLIAM OF JUMIÈGES, viii. 37). His widow Judith founded a house of Benedictine nuns at Elstow, near Bedford (Monasticon, iii. 411).
  [Flor. Wig. (Engl. Hist. Soc.); A.-S. Chron. cd. Plummer; Orderic, Will, of Jumièges (both ed. Duchesne); Sym. Dunelm., Will, of Malmesbury’s Gesta Regum, Liber de Hyda (all Rolls Ser.); Will, of Poit. ed. Giles; Vita et Passio Wadevi, Miracula S. Waldevi ap. Chron. Angl.-Norm. vol. ii. ed. Michel, of no historical value except as regards the cult; Corp. Poet. Bor.; Freeman’s Norm. Conq.]      W. H.

The Complete Peerage vol 6 pp638-40 (George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by Vicary Gibbs, 1926)
      HUNTINGDON
EARLDOM.
I. 1065 and 1070-1076
  1. WALTHEOF, s. of SIWARD, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND,by Ælfled, da. of ALDRED of Bernicia, became EARL OF HUNTINGDON and EARL OF NORTHAMPTON when Tostig was banished in Oct. 1065.(f) He is not known to have opposed the Conqueror in 1066, but was taken to Normandy the following year.(g) In 1069 he joined the Danes in their descent on Yorkshire, distinguishing himself in the attack on the city of York.(h) When the Danes left England he submitted himself to William, in Jan. 1070,(i) and was restored to his Earldom,(j) and to his father’s Earldom of Northumberland in 1072.(a) While attending the wedding of Ralph de Gael, Earl of Norfolk, at Exning in the spring or summer of 1075, he was enticed to join the conspiracy of the Earls of Norfolk and Hereford to seize England for themselves. He quickly repented, and by Lanfranc’s advice Went to Normandy and asked pardon of the King,(b) who treated the matter lightly at the time; but at Christmas Waltheof was brought to trial at Westminster, his wife Judith being a witness.(c) He was imprisoned at Winchester, where on the resumption of the trial in May he was condemned and beheaded on St. Giles’s Hill, 31 May 1076, and hastily buried.(d) He m., in 1070, Judith,(e) da. of Lambert, COUNT OF LENS, by Adelaide or Adeliz, sister of the Conqueror. He d. as aforesaid, s.p.m. 31 May 1076,(f) and a fortnight later the Abbot Ulfketel, at Judith’s request and by the King’s permission, removed his body to Crowland, where it was honourably entombed.(g) His widow, who as “Judith the Countess” is recorded in Domesday Book to have held estates in many counties in 1086, most of them apparently gifts from the King, her unc1e,(a) held Huntingdon in dower.(b) She founded the Nunnery of Elstow, near Bedford.(c)
  (f) It is recorded in Domesday Bookthat Ælget had held land in Weston, Hunts, of Earl Tosti and then of Waltheof in the time of King Edward; Eustace the sheriff had it in 1086, but the Countess Judith claimed it. This Eustace also held a hide in Buckden which had been held of Earl Waltheof in 1066 (Dom. Bk., ff. 206 d, 208).
  (g) Orderic Vit. (ed. le Prévost), vol. ii, p. 167; A.S. Chron., an. 1066.
  (h) Orderic, vol. ii, p. 192; A.S. Chron., an. 1069; Vigfusson and Powell, Corpus Poet. Bor., vol. ii, p. 227 (place not named).
  (i) Orderic, vol. ii, p. 197; A.S. Chron., an. 1070.
  (j) Orderic, vol. ii, p. 221, the Earldom of Northampton. It would appear that the counties of Northampton and Huntingdon usually went together, and another Norman writer, William of Jumieges (bk. 8, c. 37), calls Waltheof Earl of Huntingdon.
  (a) Symeon of Durham (Rolls Ser.), vol. ii, pp. 199, 384.
  (b) Orderic, vol. ii, pp. 260-262; A.S. Chron., an. 1075; Florence of Worc., an. 1074. The date of the offence is indicated by Orderic’s statement that Waltheof was a captive for a year before his execution.
  (c) Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis (ed. Giles), p. 13.
  (d) A.S. Chron., an. 1076; Orderic, vol. ii, pp. 265-267.
  (e) Orderic, vol. ii, p. 221. On her parentage see ante, vol. i, sub AUMALE. She must have been born in 1054 or 1055, so that she would be under 17 when married to Waltheof.
  (f) He left 3 daughters: (1) Maud, who m., 1stly, Simon de Saint Liz or Senlis, and, 2ndly, David I, King of Scotland, both being Waltheof’s successors in title. (2) Judith or Alice, who m. Ralph de Toni the younger (Will. of Jumieges, bk. 8, c. 37). Alice is the name given in the Vita at Passio. Ralph de Toni and Alice his wife endowed a house of canons at Wastacre, Norfolk (Dugdale, Monasticon,vol. vi, p. 576). Alice widow of Ralph de Toni gave the Church of Walthamstow in Essex to Holy Trinity Priory (Christ Church), Aldgate (Idem, p. 152). Walthamstow was one of the manors held by Waltheof, and then by the Countess Judith. (3) A daughter said to have m. a Robert son of Richard (Will.of Jumieges). There is perhaps some confusion, for Maud, da. of Simon de St. Liz I, is said to have married a Robert son of Richard (see below).
  (g) Many miracles are recorded, for Waltheof was by many regarded as a saint (Flor. of Worc., an. 1075; Vita et Passio, pp. 14, 17, and for miracles see pp. 23-33). An epitaph was written for the tomb by Orderic (vol. ii, p. 289). Other epitaphs are in the Vita. He is described as strong in person and of great repute as a warrior (Vita, p. 10; Orderic, vol. ii, p. 266), pious, had learnt the psalter in his youth, was liberal to the clergy and the poor (Vita, p. 13; Orderic, loc. cit.), and a benefactor in particular to Jarrow and Crowland. To the former he gave Tynemouth (Symeon of Durham, vol. ii, p. 209). The chief stain on his memory is his part in a family blood-feud, for he ordered the murder of the sons of one Carl, who had killed Earl Ealdred, Waltheof’s grandfather (Idem, vol. i, p. 219, vol. ii, p. 200).
  (a) Ellis, Intro. to Domesday Book, vol. i, p. 440.
  (b) Vita et Passio, p. 18.
  (c) Dugdale, Mon., vol. iii, p. 411 (quoting Leland, Collect., vol. i, pp. 41, 56); V.C.H. Beds, vol. i, p. 353. Gifts to the Abbey made by Judith are recorded in Domesday Book.

The Complete Peerage vol 9 pp662-3 (George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by H. A. Doubleday, 1936)
      NORTHAMPTON(a)
  Observations.—Lapse of time has deprived us of direct proof that Siward was Earl of Northampton as well as Earl of Huntingdon, and Tostig, who succeeded to his vast estates, Earl of Huntingdon as well as Earl of Northampton.(b) To both of them, as well as to Waltheof, s. of Siward, who obtained possession of his father’s Honour of Huntingdon in 1065, and of his Earldom of Northumberland in 1072,(c) were presumably addressed writs such as that to Tostig, Earl of Northampton,(d) record of which has survived for nearly 900 years. Domesday Book supplies us with no evidence in the case of Northampton corresponding with the details given of the pre-Conquest Earl’s third in Huntingdon;(e) in 1086 the Countess Judith had £7 of the issues of the borough of Northampton, but this does not appear to be her dower qua Countess, because the burgesses rendered to the sheriff £30 10s.(f) Possession of what in the 12th century was known as the Honour of Huntingdon, which had passed from Siward to Tostig, and to Waltheof, and was held in dower by Waltheof’s widow Judith, appears to have given the title of Earl of Huntingdon and of Northampton to its earliest possessors, while the second title, with some portion of the Honour, was made a separate dignity in 1136 for the elder son of the Countess Maud, rightful heir of the whole Honour, presumably when David I of Scotland secured the Honour itself for the Countess’s younger son (by himself), Prince Henry of Scotland.(g) The difficulty of tracing with exactitude the dates of the passing of the Honour from tenant to tenant is enhanced by the immunity from scutage &c. conferred upon it by Henry I.(a)
EARLDOM.
I. 1065 to 1076
  1. WALTHEOF, s. of Siward, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, became EARL OF NORTHAMPTON AND HUNTINGDON on the banishment of Earl Tostig in 1065. Having participated in the conspiracy of the Earls of Norfolk and Hereford, he was beheaded 31 May 1076. He d. s.p.m.
  (a) The Observations and the account of William de Bohun are by Miss Ethel Stokes, who has also revised and documented other portions of this article.
  (b) See vol. vi, p. 638.
  (c) Idem.
  (d) Idem.
  (e) Domesday Book, vol. i, fo. 203.
  (f) Idem, fo. 219.
  (g) That Simon de St. Liz II held some portion of the Honour is shown by his grant to St. Andrew’s, Northampton, of 100s. of land in Ryhall (which Siward had held—Kemble, Codex Dipl., no. 927) donec eis dedero eseambium de propria hereditate mea de Huntyngdon (Cott. MS., Vesp., E xvii—Cartulary of St. Andrew’s—fo. 260). That the assigning of the title of Northampton to Simon was presumably part of the arrangement made between King Stephen and King David in Feb. 1136 is deduced from Stephen’s charter of confirmation to the church of Exeter (made, if the charter be genuine, when the King was there besieging the castle in the summer of 1136), which was witnessed, among the Earls, by Simon comes de Norhamtona (Cal. Charter Rolls, vol. v, p. 171). The date 1136 has some support from the omission, in the (exhaustive) list of lords of Sawtrey, of Prince Henry. In connection with the Earl’s foundation of Sawtrey Abbey, the men of the place recount the lords of whom it has been held, and in this statement Earl Simon follows immediately upon David, King of Scotland, who married the Countess Maud (Ramsey Abbey Cart., Rolls Ser., vol. i, p. 160). As Earl of Northampton, Simon confirmed lands to Daventry Priory, in a grant witnessed by his brother-in-law Robert FitzRichard (who d. 1136-7) (Brit. Mus. Facs. of Charters, pt. I, no. 26 note).
  (a) Fœdera, vol. i, p. 48.

The Complete Peerage vol 9 p705 (George Edward Cokayne, enlarged by H. A. Doubleday, 1936)
      NORTHUMBERLAND
  The following were Earls or administrators of Northumberland from the time immediately preceding the Conquest till the Earldom was taken in hand by William Rufus.
… WALTHEOF, younger, but only surviving, son of Siward, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, by his first wife Elfleda, both abovenamed, who became Earl of Huntingdon and of Northampton upon the banishment of Tostig, 1065, received in 1072 the Earldom which Gospatric had forfeited, but not (it would appear) the Earldom of his father Siward viz. the entire Northumbrian Earldom.(b) He was executed 31 May 1076. For fuller particulars see HUNTINGDON.
  (b) Idem [Simeon of Durham], p. 92. Waltheovus in comitatum sustollitur, ei ex patris ac matrix prosapia debitum (Idem, p. 93). The unknown author of the account of the siege of Durham (Simeon of Durham, p. 157), in a statement re certain demesne lands of the Earldom, says that Waltheof’s mother, Elfleda, being Countess, since she was daughter of Earl Aldred, and he was the son of Ughtred and of the daughter of Bishop Aldun, claimed these lands as hers by hereditary right, which Earl Siward, her husband, gave her; and she gave to her son Waltheof the Earldom of the Northumbrians, as Waltheof’s grandfather, to wit, Earl Aldred, had it. [Aldred had had the Earldom North of Tyne]

Death: 31 May 1076, executed by beheading on St Giles's Hill, Winchester, Hampshire, England, for treason

Crowland Abbey
Crowland Abbey, Lincolnshire in 1849
illustration by W. Whimper in The Church of England Magazine #741 August 1849 opp p144 posted on wikipedia
Burial: Waltheof was initially buried in a ditch at St Giles Hill in Winchester, the place of his execution, but two weeks later his body was reburied in Crowland Abbey, Lincolnshire, England, where miracles were claimed to occur at his tomb.

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