Anjou

Adelaide "Blanche"

Father: Foulques II "le Bon"

Mother: Gerberge

Married (1st): Étienne de Brioude

Étienne was son of Bertrand and his wife Emilde. He is first documented on 28 August 936 and was married first to a Anne who is named in a charter dated April 943. Étienne's last dated documentation is in 957.

Children:
Married (2nd): Raymond (de Toulouse)

Raymond was duke of the Goths, which in this context refers to the people of Gothia (the region around Narbonne and Toulouse).

Richeri Historiarum Liber III in Richer: Histoire de son temps vol 2 p112 (ed. J. Gaudet, 1845)
Ludovico régi assciscendam conjugem Adelaidem, Ragemundi nuper defuncti ducis Gotliorum olim uxorem.
This roughly translates as:
To king Louis was associated as wife Adelaide, formerly the wife of Raymond, the recently deceased duke of the Goths.

Children:
Married (3rd): Louis V

Louis V "the Lazy" was the son of king Lothair of France and Emma of Italy. Louis was a king of West Francia from 979 (co-reigning first with his father Lothair until 986) until his early death in 987. The marriage of the teenaged Louis to Adelaide, many years his senior was a political attempt to extend Carolingian influence. Louis and Adelaide were divorced after a childless marriage of two years.

Richeri Historiarum Liber III in Richer: Histoire de son temps vol 2 pp110-6 (ed. J. Gaudet, 1845)
      XCI. — Promotio Ludovici in regnum Franconum.
  Etenim cum rex filium suum Ludovicum in regno sibi succedere vellet, ipsum quoque a duce ordinandum quæreret, dux hanc ordinationem mox liberali animo se administraturum respondit. Et legatis directis, regnorum principes Compendii collegit; ibique a duce reliquisque principibiis Ludovicus rex adclamatus per metropolitanum episcopum Remorum, dignæ videlicet memoriæ Adalheronem, sancta die pentecostes in regnum Francorum promotus est. Duobus ergo regnantibus dux multa affatbilitate ac famulatu multiplici, per dies plures sese commendabat; adeo regiam dignitatem per omnia extollens, et sese eis supplicem monstrans; se etiam facturum pollicens, ut ambo gentibus jam domitis potenter imperarent, indomitas quoque efficaciter mansuescerent. Id etiam meditabatur, ut in diversis regnis positi, regiam dominationem exercerent, ne unius regni angustia, duorum regum majestati nimium derogaret.
      XCII. — Item promotio Ludovici in regnum Aquitanæ ejusque uxoratio.
  Dum hæc multo conatu disponeret, alii quidam nimis callidi hoc comperto, cum hujusmodi gloriam in sese transfundere vellent, Emmam reginam adeuntes, super maxima re se consulturos dixerunt. Qui suscepti a regina, id sibi videri optimum dixerunt, Ludovico regi assciscendam conjugem Adelaidem, Ragemundi nuper defuncti ducis Gothorum olim uxorem. Et non magis potentiam regnandi ex hoc posse augeri, quam sibi nonnulla commoda adquiri. Enimvero possibile fieri, totam Aquitaniam simulque et Gothiam suo imperio asstringi posse, postquam ex jure ductæ uxoris oppida munitissima ad suum jus retorqueret. Magnum etiam quiddam in hac re, et utile comparari, si patre hinc posito, et illinc filio, dux ceterique hostes in medio conclusi, perpetuo urgeantur.
      XCIII.
  Hujus rationis consilium postquam regi suggestum est, apud Gozfredum comitem qui aderat ordinatum valuit. Hæc, duce ignorante, parabantur. Quæ cum post animadvertisset, ne regibus fieri videretur injurius, contumeliam dissimulans, nihil penitus refragratus est. Interea collectis regni principibus, equitatus regius disponitur, insignia regia invehuntur; cibi multiplices apparati vehiculis imponuntur. Quibus actis, reges utrique cum multo equitatu in Aquitaniam profecti sunt, castrumque Briddam quod vetus dicitur devenerunt.
      XCIV. — Adelaidis a Ludovico reginæ in Aquitania promotio eorumque divortium.
  Quo a præfata Adelaide multo apparatu excepti sunt; et die constituta rationibus decentissime habitis, et ex jure datis dotalibus, Ludovicus rex eam sibi uxorem copulavit, atque secum coronatam per episcopos in regnum promovit. Non tamen regium nomen sic in eis valuit, ut ullatenus regnandi dominationem in principibus exercere valerent. Amor quoque conjugalis, eis pene nullus fuit; nam cum ille adhuc pubesceret, illa vero anus foret, contrariis moribus dissentiebant. Cubiculum commune sibi non patiebantur. Requieturi quoque diversis hospitiis potiebantur. Si quando colloquendum erat, locum sub divo habebant. Pro sermonibus producendis, paucissima dicere sat erat. Et hoc apud eos fere erat per biennium. Quorum mores usque adeo discordes fuere, ut non muito post sequeretur et divortium.
        XCV.
  Ludovicus vero, quia morum informatorem non habebat, utpote adolescens levium rerum vanitatibus insistebat. Habitum patriæ gentis, pro peregrinis, penitus deposuerat. Itaque in miserandam fortunam, res penitus dilapsa est, ut et moribus degener, et regnandi impotentia inglorius esset; et qui paulo ante rex genere, fama, atque copiis potens, nunc erumnosus et inops, rei familiaris simul et militaris calamitate squaleret. His Lotharius rex per multos cognitis, filium inde revocare cogitabat; non ignorans in pejus eum lapsurum, cum illic nullum dignitatis regiæ haberet honorem. Equitatum itaque parat filium repetiturus. Aquitaniam ingressus Briddam petiit. Filium repetit et reducit. Regina sese viduatam dolens, et verita majoris incomodi injuriam, Wilelmum Arelatensem adiit, eique nupsit. Et sic ex divortio, adulterium publicum operatum est.
This roughly translates as:
      XCI. — The promotion of Louis to the kingdom of the Franks.
  For when the king [Lothair] wished his son Louis to succeed him in the kingdom, and requested that he also be ordained by the duke [Hugh Capet], the duke soon replied with a liberal spirit that he would administer this ordination. And having dispatched legates, he gathered the principes of the kingdoms at Compiègne; and there, Louis was acclaimed king by the duke and the rest of the principes, and was promoted into the kingdom of the Franks by the metropolitan bishop of Reims, namely Adalbero of worthy memory, on the holy day of Pentecost. Therefore, while the two were reigning, the duke commended himself for many days with much affability and manifold service; so much did he extol the royal dignity in all things, showing himself a suppliant to them; promising also that he would act so that both might powerfully command nations already tamed, and effectively soften those yet untamed. He also meditated upon this: that being placed in different kingdoms, they might exercise royal domination, lest the narrowness of one kingdom detract too much from the majesty of two kings.
      XCII. — Likewise the promotion of Louis into the kingdom of Aquitaine and his marriage.
  While he was arranging these things with great effort, certain others, being exceedingly shrewd, having learned of this and wishing to transfer such glory unto themselves, approached queen Emma and said they would consult her on a matter of the greatest importance. Being received by the queen, they said it seemed best to them that there be associated with king Louis as wife Adelaide, formerly the wife of Raymond, the recently deceased duke of the Goths. And they said that the power of reigning could not be increased more by this than certain advantages could be acquired for themselves. For indeed, it was possible that all Aquitaine and Gothia together could be bound to his empire, once he might reclaim the most fortified towns to his own right by the right of the wife he had taken. Also, a certain great and useful thing would be prepared in this matter, if with the father placed on this side, and the son on the other, the duke and the other enemies, shut in the middle, might be perpetually pressed.
      XCIII.
  After the counsel of this reasoning was suggested to the king, it prevailed, having been arranged in the presence of count Geoffrey who was there. These things were being prepared without the duke knowing. When he noticed them later, lest he seem to do injury to the king, dissimulating the insult, he in no way resisted. Meanwhile, having gathered the princes of the kingdom, the royal cavalry is arranged, the royal insignia are carried in; manifold foods prepared are placed upon wagons. These things being done, both kings set out into Aquitaine with a great cavalry, and they came to the castle of Brioude, which is called old.
     XCIV. — The promotion of Adelaide as queen in Aquitaine by Louis and their divorce.
  There they were received with much preparation by the aforementioned Adelaide; and on the appointed day, the accounts having been most decently held and the dowries given by right, king Louis joined her to himself as wife, and promoted her with him into the kingdom, she having been crowned by bishops. Yet the royal name did not so prevail in them that they were in any way able to exercise the domination of reigning among the princes. Also, there was almost no conjugal love for them; for since he was still a youth, and she truly was an old woman, they disagreed with contrary habits. They did not endure a common bedchamber. When about to rest, they made use of different lodgings. If ever they had to speak together, they held the place under the open sky. For producing speech, it was enough to say very few things. And this was among them for nearly two years. Their habits were discordant to such an extent that not much later a divorce followed.
      XCV.
  Louis, however, because he did not have an instructor of habits, as a youth insisted upon the vanities of light things. He had entirely laid aside the habit of his paternal nation in favor of foreign ones. Thus the matter slipped entirely into a miserable fortune, so that he was both degenerate in habits and inglorious in the impotence of reigning; and he who a little before was a king powerful in lineage, fame, and wealth, was now wretched and poor, squalid in the calamity of both domestic and military affairs. King Lothair, having learned of these things through many people, thought to recall his son from there; not being ignorant that he would slip into worse, since he held there no honor of royal dignity. Therefore he prepares the cavalry, intending to fetch his son. Entering Aquitaine, he sought Brioude. He fetches and leads back his son. The queen, grieving that she was widowed, and fearing the injury of a greater disadvantage, went to William of Arles, and married him. And thus from the divorce, a public adultery was wrought.

Raoul Glaber: Les cinq livres de ses histoires (900-1044) book 1 chapter 3 #7 p9 (ed. Maurice Prou, 1886)
  Hic denique genuit filium nomine Ludowicum, quem jam adultum juvenem, ut post se regnaret, regem constituit4; cui etiam adduxit ab Aquitaniis partibus uxorem5. Quae cernens videlicet juvenem patre minus fore industrium, ut erat ingenio callida, elegit agere divortium, monuitque illum ficte ut simul de qua advenerat redirent provintiam, scilicet jure hereditario sibi subdituram. Ille quoque, non intelligens mulieris astutiam, ut monitus fuerat ire paravit, ad quam dum venissent, relinquens eum mulier suis adhesit. Cumque patri nuntiatum fuisset, prosequens filium ad se reduxit; qui simul deinceps degentes post aliquot annos absque ulla liberorum ope uterque obiit6.
  4. Louis V fut associé au trône par son père le 8 juin 978.
  5. Cf. Richer, III, 92-94.
  6. Louis V mourut le 21 mai 987. 
This roughly translates as:
  This man [king Lothair] finally begat a son by the name of Louis, whom, when he was already an adult youth, he appointed as king so that he might reign after him; for him he also brought a wife from the parts of Aquitaine. She, seeing clearly that the youth was less industrious than his father, as she was shrewd of intellect, chose to perform a divorce; and she advised him feignedly that they should return together to the province from which she had come, as if it were to be subjected to him by hereditary right. He also, not understanding the woman's cunning, prepared to go as he had been advised; when they had come to her [province], the woman, leaving him, joined her own people. And when it had been announced to the father, following after his son, he led him back to himself; living thereafter together, after some years, both died without any aid of children.
  4. Louis V was associated with the throne by his father on June 8, 978.
  5. Cf. Richer, III, 92-94.
  6. Louis V died on 21 May 987.

Married (4th): William I "le Libératuer"

Richeri Historiarum Liber III in Richer: Histoire de son temps vol 2 p116 (ed. J. Gaudet, 1845)
Regina sese viduatam dolens, et verita majoris incomodi injuriam, Wilelmum Arelatensem adiit, eique nupsit. Et sic ex divortio, adulterium publicum operatum est.
This roughly translates as:
The queen, grieving that she was widowed, and fearing the injury of a greater disadvantage, went to William of Arles, and married him. And thus from the divorce, a public adultery was wrought.

Children Notes:
  Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou held the titles of regina, queen of France, during her brief marriage to Louis V., and comitissa , the countess of Provence. She was arguably the most powerful woman in 10th-century France. Known for her "shrewd intellect" (ingenio callida) and her extraordinary longevity, she served as the matrimonial glue that bound the fledgling Capetian dynasty of the north to the wealthy, independent county of Provence in the south.
  Adelaide was the daughter of count Fulk II "the Good" of Anjou. Her second marriage was to Raymond, duke of the Goths and count of Toulouse, which established her as a preeminent figure in the south, a region she would influence for the next sixty years. Following Raymond's death, she was chosen by the northern Frankish court to marry the young king Louis V. The goal was to bring Aquitaine and Gothia under the direct control of the Carolingian crown. As the chronicles of Richer of Reims attests, the marriage was a failure: Louis was a teenager perceived as "weak", while Adelaide was an experienced "industrious" woman in her late 30s or early 40s. In a move that displayed her political cunning, she tricked the young king into traveling south, where she promptly abandoned him to join her own kin.
  After her flight from the king, Adelaide married William I, the marquis of Provence. This was her most successful and enduring partnership. Together, they ruled Provence during its "Golden Age" following the defeat of the Saracens. She appears alongside William in numerous charters, specifically at Arles, where she consented to his massive land grants to the Church. She was instrumental in the restoration of Fréjus, working with the bishop to rebuild the city after its destruction.
  After William’s death in 993, Adelaide did not retreat into a convent. Instead, she became the matriarch of the House of Provence. She successfully brokered the marriage of her daughter, Constance, to the French king Robert the Pious. She continued to sign charters as comtissa well into her eighties, acting as a mentor to her grandsons and daughter-in-law, the countess Gerberga.
  Adelaide died in 1026, an octogenarian in an age when most did not see forty. She was buried with great honor at the abbey of Montmajour. Her death was so significant that it was recorded by the "fragile monk Arnulf" at Saint-André-lès-Avignon, who noted her as the "happy comtissa Adelaide who slept in peace." She left behind a Provence that was unified, Christianized, and politically tied to the heart of the French monarchy - a legacy built as much on her diplomatic shrewdness as on the sword of her husband.

La Provence du premier au douzième siècle pp254-7 (Georges de Manteyer, 1908)
    § 5. — Les deux femmes du marquis Guillaume.
… L’acte du 29 août 9935 prouve que le frère de Roubaud, Guillaume, se remaria avec Alix et qu’il en eut un fils nommé Guillaume comme lui. Cet acte est en effet rédigé en commun, au nom de Guillaume, de sa femme Alix, de son fils Guillaume et de son frère Roubaud1. Dès 986, Alix était la femme du marquis2: elle était sœur de Drogon, évêque du Puy, et, par conséquent, fille du comte d'Anjou Foulques et de Gerberge, comme le prouve un acte de septembre 9943, Il s’agit donc bien d’Alix, veuve du comte de Gévaudan Etienne I; elle avait eu de de ce premier mariage Pons, Bertrand, Guillaume et Ermengarde. En 979, elle s’était remariée avec Louis V. Pendant près de deux ans elle avait été reine de Guyenne; mais, divorcée en 981 et délaissée à Brioude, elle s’était réfugiée en Provence et s’y était unie à Guillaume, comme le raconte Richer1. Guillaume venait précisément d’être revêtu du titre de marquis, en raison de la venue de Louis V en Guyenne: c’est peut-être la raison pour laquelle la reine divorcée et désireuse de vengeance vint se donner à lui plutôt qu’à un autre. Malgré l’issue malheureuse de son bref mariage avec Louis V, Alix, après tout, avait été reine. Pour un marquis, la mariée était encore belle: cette union dut être pour lui à peu près ce qu’avait été vers 913 pour le duc de Provence Hugues son mariage avec la veuve du roi de Jurane. Les deux actes de 986 et de 993 ne sont pas les seuls où Alix paraisse à côté du marquis: il y en a quatre autres et ce sont ceux de juin [989], du 6 mars 990, de 992 et du 28 août [993 ?]2. L'acte du mois d’août 1001 prouve qu’Alix eut de Guillaume non seulement un fils, mais une fille nommée Constance1; cette fille portait ainsi le nom de sa grand’ mere paternelle. A peine les Carolingiens disparus, la femme répudiée de Louis V prit sa revanche: elle maria sa fille avec le roi rance Robert II. Cet événement se produisit entre le mois d’août 1001 et le 25 août 1003: Constance reçut en dot de l’or qu’elle ne gaspilla pas2. A sa suite, les modes de Provence envahirent la France. Elle devait mourir à Melun en juillet 1032.
  Les derniers actes que l’on ait du marquis sont de 992 en faveur de Saint-Césaire d’Arles, du 29 août 993 en faveur de Psalmody et du 28 août vers 990 en faveur de Cluny. Étant donné que le frère, la femme et le fils de Guillaume souscrivent celui-ci comme celui du 29 août, étant donné qu’il s’agit également d’une libéralité en faveur d’une abbaye, on est porté à croire que cet acte fut passé le 28 août 993, la veille de celui relatif à Psalmody.
  5. [Avignon ?] 29 août [993|: « ego Guillelmus comes et uxor mea Adalaiz et germanus meus Rodbaldus et filius meus Guillelmus… hunc testamentun nostrum… fieri eligimus… donamus ad… Psalmodium… in pago Nemausensi, ubi Rodanus vel Vitusalus Visterque [iter] faciunt… ecclesiam… Sancti Cosmæ et Sancti Damiani et alia ecclesia… Sanctæ Mariæ… in territorio civitatis Magalonensis, in suburbio castri Substantionensis in terminiuim de villa Caldisianicas, cum cellulis… Facta donatione ista IIII calendas septembris anno septimo quod usurpavit Ugo ad Carolum Glium Ludovici regem… » (Gard, II. 106, Cart. Psalmody, fo 15).
  1. M. Blancard a parlé des actes, tirés des archives de Psalmody, qui concernent Guillaume et sa femme Alix. Ces actes lui paraissent décisifs et à bon droit; mais le fait qu’ils prouvent péremptoirement est exactement le contraire de ce que M. Blancard croyait pouvoir avancer. La cause de cette erreur regrettable de M. Blancard est bien simple: il parle de ces actes, non d’après leur texte, mais d’après l’analyse qu’en faisait Mabillon. Celui-ci se trompait en disant: « Ad hæc eidem Warnerio Guillelmus comes et uxor ejus Adelais ac cognatus ejus Rotbaldus comes ac Guillelmus frater ejus dimiserunt ecclesiam de Bergen… » (Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti… t. IV, Lucæ MDCCXXXIX, pp. 162-163). L’erreur consistait à à dire que, d’après ces actes, Guillaume mari d’Alix était différent du frère de Roubaud, Guillaume. Mabillon aurait dû imprimer: « ac cognatus ejus Rotbaldus comes ac Guillelmus filius ejus. » M. Blancard répète l’erreur échappée par inadvertance à Mabillon et il ne l’aurait certainement pas répétée s’il avait pris la peine de lire les textes de Psalmody avant d’en parler (L. Blancard, De l’existence simultanée de Guillaume mari d’Arsinde et Guillaume mari d’Adélaïde, comtes de Provence au Xe siècle, p. 9).
  Nice, 30 décembre [1000-1032]: « ego Odila… per remedium animarum Willelmo magnifico comite… in comitatu Nicensis, in territorio, prope civitate, Cimela… » (Cte E. Cais de Pierlas et Gust. Saige, Chartrier de Saint-Pons, Monaco, 1903, p. 5, no III).
  2. Avignon, 986: « ego Vuillelmus comes, inclitus marchio et uxor mea Adalaix comitissa… » (Ruffi, Dissert, hist., 1712, p. 16).
  3. Le Puy, septembre [994]: « ego Drogo gratia Dei episcopus Aniciensis, filius Fulcoiiis comitis et Gerbergæ dedi et concessi Willelmo comit Provinciæ filio Willelmi quondam comitis et Adalasiæ sororis mese castrum do Chalanconio cum omnibus pertinentiis suis quod heredes Alberti mihi nuper vendiderunt. ✝Signum Drogonis episcopi. Actum apud Podium mense septembris anno VIII regnantibus Hugone et Roberto regibus » (Bibl. nat. Dom Housseau, I, no 256; tiré des Arch. de Barcelone parmi les titres des comtés d’Aragon et de Provence). La communication de ce texte est due à l’obligeance de M. Guy de Puybaudet, ancien membre de l’École de Rome.
  1. « Regina, sese viduatam dolens et verita maioris incommodi iniuriam, Willelmum Arelatensem adiit eique nupsit. Et sic ex divortio adulterium publicum operatum est » (Richeri Histor., lib. III, § 95).
  2. Arles, juin [989]: « …inter domno Vuilelmo comité et uxor sua Adalax apud heum hominem nomine Aicardo… de villa… Segalarias… in comitatu Aqueuse… de castrum quod edificari potuerit… donamus tibi unam medietatem… Signum domnus Vuilelmus et uxor sua Adalax… Signum Teutbaldus, vicarius. » (Bouches-du-Rhône, H. Saint-Victor, I, no 17; Mém. de l’Ac. de Marseille, 1887, pp. 252-253). M. Blancard a identifié Seglarias avec Saint-Zacharie.
  Arles, 6 mars [990]. « Signum Willelmi comitis et uxoris sue Adalays… Rotbaldus comes voluit et concessit » (Chantelou, pp. 66-68). — 28 août [993?]: « Rodbaldus comes f. Adalaix comitissa f. Wilelmus comes f. et filius ejus Wilelmus f. » (Cluny, no 1837). — Arles, 992: « domnus princeps et marchio istius Provinciæ bonæ indolis Vuillelmus conjuge sua nomine Adalaix et filio suo nomine Vuillelmo veniens… Factum hoc testamentum in ipso monasterio per preceptum domini Vuillelmi principis consentiente conjuge ejus simul cum filio in præsenti adslante domno Annone archiepiscopo qui voluerunt et firmarunt simul cum canonicis. Domnus Rotbaldus comes voluit atque firmavit. Stephanus episcopus firmavit… Pontius episcopus firmavit. Alius Pontius archiepiscopus firmavit. Udolricus episcopus firmavit Vuillelmus vicecomes firmavit. » (Bibl. nat. de Madrid, ms. Ee. 45, ff. 24 vo-25 ro; Bouche, Hist. de Provence, t. II, p. 47).
  1. Août [1001]: « ego in Dei nomen Adalax comitissa et filius suus Villelmus comes et filia sua Constantia… Signum Adalax comitisse et filii sui Villelmi comitis et filiæ sue Constantie… » (Chantelou, pp. 70-71).
  2. 1029: « ego Robertus gratia Dei Francorum rex et Constantia divino nutu regina. Me et conjugem meam Constanciam jocunda conversatione mihi admodum dilectam et in administratione rerum ad se pertinentium satis utilem et strenuam predium… quod de auro a patris sui domo asportato… emerat… » (Bibl. nat., ms. lat. 17048, p. 424).
This roughly translates as:
    § 5. — The two wives of the marquis William
… The act of August 29, 9935, proves that the brother of Roubaud, William, remarried with Alix [Adelaide] and that he had by her a son named William like himself. This act is indeed drawn up jointly, in the name of William, of his wife Alix, of his son William, and of his brother Roubaud1. As early as 986, Alix was the wife of the marquis2: she was the sister of Drogon, bishop of Le Puy, and, consequently, the daughter of Fulk, the count of Anjou, and Gerberga, as is proven by an act of September 9943. It is therefore indeed Alix, the widow of the count of Gévaudan, Stephen I; she had had from this first marriage Pons, Bertrand, William, and Ermengarde. In 979, she had remarried with Louis V. For nearly two years she had been queen of Aquitaine; but, divorced in 981 and abandoned at Brioude, she took refuge in Provence and united herself there to William, as Richer1 recounts. William had precisely just been invested with the title of marquis, by reason of the arrival of Louis V in Aquitaine: this is perhaps the reason why the divorced queen, desirous of vengeance, came to give herself to him rather than to another. Despite the unhappy outcome of her brief marriage with Louis V, Alix, after all, had been a queen. For a marquis, the bride was still beautiful: this union must have been for him approximately what the marriage with the widow of the king of Jurane had been around 913 for the duc of Provence, Hugh. The two acts of 986 and 993 are not the only ones where Alix appears alongside the marquis: there are four others, and they are those of June [989], 6 March 990, 992, and 28 August [993?]2. The act of the month of August 1001 proves that Alix had by William not only a son, but a daughter named Constance1; this daughter thus bore the name of her paternal grandmother. Scarcely had the Carolingians disappeared when the repudiated wife of Louis V took her revenge: she married her daughter to the Frankish king Robert II. This event occurred between the month of August 1001 and 25 August 1003: Constance received as a dowry gold which she did not waste2. In her wake, the fashions of Provence invaded France. She was to die at Melun in July 1032.
  The last acts that we have from the marquis are from 992 in favor of Saint-Césaire of Arles, of 29 August 993, in favor of Psalmody, and of 28 August circa 990 in favor of Cluny. Given that the brother, the wife, and the son of William subscribe to the latter as well as to that of 29 August, and given that it also concerns a liberality in favor of an abbey, one is inclined to believe that this act was passed on 28 August 993, the day before the one relating to Psalmody.
  5. [Avignon ?] 29 August [993|: “I, William, count, and my wife Adalaiz, and my brother Rodbaldus, and my son William… we choose to make this our testament… we donate to… Psalmodium… in the village of Nemaus, where Rodanus or Vitusalus Visterque [is] making… the church… of Saints Cosmas and Damian and another church… Saint Mary… in the territory of the city of Magalon, in the suburb of the castle of Substantion on the border of the villa of Caldisian, with cells… This donation was made on the fourth day of September in the seventh year that Ugo usurped Charles I, king of Louis…”  (Gard, II. 106, Cart. Psalmody, fo 15).
  1. Mr. Blancard spoke about the acts, taken from the Psalmody archives, which concern Guillaume and his wife Alix. These acts seem decisive to him and rightly so; but the fact that they prove peremptorily is exactly the opposite of what Mr. Blancard thought he could put forward. The cause of this regrettable error by Mr. Blancard is very simple: he speaks of these acts, not according to their text, but according to Mabillon's analysis of them. He was wrong when he said: « Ad hæc eidem Warnerio Guillelmus comes et uxor ejus Adelais ac cognatus ejus Rotbaldus comes ac Guillelmus frater ejus dimiserunt ecclesiam de Bergen… » (Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti… t. IV, Lucæ MDCCXXXIX, pp. 162-163). The error consisted in saying that, according to these acts, Guillaume husband of Alix was different from Roubaud's brother, Guillaume. Mabillon should have printed:  « ac cognatus ejus Rotbaldus comes ac Guillelmus filius ejus. » Mr. Blancard repeats the error that Mabillon inadvertently escaped and he would certainly not have repeated it if he had taken the trouble to read the texts of Psalmody before talking about it (L. Blancard, De l’existence simultanée de Guillaume mari d’Arsinde et Guillaume mari d’Adélaïde, comtes de Provence au Xe siècle, p. 9).
   Nice, 30 décembre [1000-1032]: “I Odila… for the sake of the souls of count William the magnificent… in the county of Nice, in the territory, near the city, Cimela…” (Cte E. Cais de Pierlas et Gust. Saige, Chartrier de Saint-Pons, Monaco, 1903, p. 5, no III).
  2. Avignon, 986: “I, count William, illustrious marchioness, and my wife, countess Adalaix…” (Ruffi, Dissert, hist., 1712, p. 16).
  3. Le Puy, September [994]: “I, Drogo, by the grace of God, bishop of Anicia, son of count Fulco and Gerberga, have given and granted to William, count of Provence, son of William, formerly count and sister of Adalasia, my castle of Chalanconio with all its belongings which the heirs of Albert have recently sold to me. ✝Sign of Drogo, bishop of Chalanconio. Acted at the Podium in September of the year VIII, during the reigns of Hugh and Robert” (Bibl. nat. Dom Housseau, I, no. 256; taken from the Arch. of Barcelona among the titles of the counties of Aragon and Provence). The communication of this text is due to the kindness of M. Guy de Puybaudet, former member of the School of Rome.
  1. “The queen, mourning her widowhood and aware of the greater inconvenience and injury, went to William of Arles and married him. And thus out of the divorce public adultery was committed” (Richeri Histor., book III, § 95).
  2. Arles, June [989]: “…between the lord William the count and his wife Adalax with a certain man named Aicardo… of the villa… Segalarias… in the county of Aqueuse… of a castle that could be built… we give you one half… Signed lord William and his wife Adalax… Signed Teutbaldus, vicar.” (Bouches-du-Rhône, H. Saint-Victor, I, no 17; Mém. de l’Ac. de Marseille, 1887, pp. 252-253). M. Blancard has identified Seglarias with Saint-Zacharias.
  Arles, 6 March [990]. “Signed William the count and his wife Adalays… Rotbald the count wished and granted” (Chantelou, pp. 66-68). — 28 August [993?]: “Rodbald the count f. Adalaix the countess f. Wilelmus the count f. and his son Wilelmus the count f.” (Cluny, no 1837). — Arles, 992: “The lord prince and marquis of Provence, count William the Good, with his wife named Adalaix and his son named William… This testament was made in the monastery by the command of the lord William the prince, with his wife and son in the presence of the lord Ann, archbishop, who wished and signed it together with the canons. Lord Rotbald the count wished and signed it. Bishop Stephen signed it… Bishop Pontius signed it. Another archbishop Pontius signed it. Bishop Udolric signed it. Vice-count William signed it.” (Bibl. nat. de Madrid, ms. Ee. 45, ff. 24 vo-25 ro; Bouche, Hist. de Provence, t. II, p. 47).
  1. August [1001]: “In the name of God I Adalax the countess and her son William the count and her daughter Constantia… Signed Adalax the countess and her son William the count and her daughter Constantia  …” (Chantelou, pp. 70-71).
2. 1029: “I Robert by the grace of God king of the Franks and Constantia by divine will queen. I and my wife Constance, who is very dear to me for her pleasant conversation and in the administration of things pertaining to themselves, have acquired a very useful and vigorous estate… which they bought from gold taken from her father’s house…” (Bibl. nat., ms. lat. 17048, p. 424).
pp273-4
La veuve du premier marquis Guillaume II survécut ainsi à son mari, à son fils et peut-être même à l’aîné de ses petits-fils. En dehors des actes où on l’a vue figurer avec son mari, puis avec son fils, il faut noter qu’en 1015, elle avait complété la donation de l’église Saint-Martin de Manosque à Saint-Victor, émanée en 1013 de son fils3, en abandonnant la part de cette église qui lui appartenait4. En 1018, elle agit de concert avec sa belle-fille devenue veuve5. Enfin, on connaît deux actes plus récents, de 1021 et 1024, qu’elle souscrit: le premier avec la comtesse Emma à propos de Manosque6, le second avec le marquis Guillaume III, fils de Roubaud, à propos du comté d’Aix7. Comme l’atteste Arnoux, moine de Saint-André-lès- Avignon, la vieille douairière mourut en 10268. On voit que, très probablement, la veuve du vainqueur des Sarrasins passa la fin de sa vie à Avignon et, en tout cas sur la rive droite de la Durance, où on pensait déjà que son mari possédait la plupart de ses biens: c’est la meilleure explication du fait que sa mort est notée par un moine voisin d’Avignon. Elle devait être fort âgée, car le comte d’Anjou Foulques, son père, était mort lui-même vers 958. En 979, quand elle avait épousé Louis V, elle était déjà mère de quatre' enfants d’un premier mariage: ces indications prouvent qu’elle dut mourir octogénaire. Elle fut inhumée à Montmajour.
  3. Ibid. [Saint-Victor], no 646.
  4. 1015: « ego comitissa Adalaiz, annuente Domino… dedi… » (Saint-Victor, no 648).
  5. Saint-Victor, no 630.
  6. Ibid., no 653.
  7. Saint-Victor, no 225.
  8. 1020: «… Aquibus annis usque ad presentem annum…quo felix Adalax comitissa dormivit in pace… qui… a natiuitate Xpisti millesimum vicesimum sextum presentem annum efficiunt in quo iste libellus conscriptus est a quodam fragili monacho Arnulfo nomine…» (Bibl. nat. de Madrid, ms. Ee 40, fo 118 vo). Voir l’enquête du 2 janvier 1215: « comitissa Blanca quæ sepulta est apud Montem Majorem dedit monasterio illi omne jus quod ipsa habebat in tota villa et territorio de Lagozes… » (Biblioth. Méjanes ms. 812: recueil Bouquier, t. I, pp. 145-146; Catal. des mss. Départements, t. XVI, Aix, 1894 ms. 915). Parun mandement de Benoit VIII. du 1er sept. 1016, on sait que Alix a porté le surnom de Blanche: « Omni etiam reverentia et veneratione dignissimæ domnæ Adeleidi comitissæ cognomento Blanchæ nuruique ejus domnæ Gerbergæ comitissæ.» (Ruffi, Dissertations, 1712, p. 19; cf. Duchesne, Hist. Franc. Script. t. IV, pp. 169-171; Jaffé, 2e éd., no 4013). 
This roughly translates as:
The widow of the first marquis William II thus survived her husband, her son, and perhaps even the eldest of her grandsons. Apart from the acts where we have seen her appear with her husband, then with her son, it must be noted that in 1015, she had completed the donation of the church of Saint-Martin of Manosque to Saint-Victor, which had emanated from her son in 10133, by abandoning the share of this church which belonged to her4. In 1018, she acts in concert with her daughter-in-law who had become a widow5. Finally, we know of two more recent acts, of 1021 and 1024, which she subscribes: the first with the comtesse Emma regarding Manosque6, the second with the marquis William III, son of Roubaud, regarding the comté of Aix7. As Arnoux, a monk of Saint-André-lès-Avignon, attests, the old dowager died in 10268. One sees that, very probably, the widow of the vanquisher of the Saracens spent the end of her life in Avignon and, in any case, on the right bank of the Durance, where it was already thought that her husband possessed most of his goods: this is the best explanation for the fact that her death is noted by a monk neighboring Avignon. She must have been very old, for the comte of Anjou, Fulk, her father, had himself died around 958. In 979, when she had married Louis V, she was already the mother of four children from a first marriage: these indications prove that she must have died an octogenarian. She was buried at Montmajour.
  3. Ibid. [Saint-Victor], no 646.
  4. 1015: "I, comtissa Adelaide, the Lord granting... have given..." (Saint-Victor, no. 648).
  5. Saint-Victor, no 630.
  6. Ibid., no 653.
  7. Saint-Victor, no 225.
  8. 1026: "...From which years until the present year... in which the happy countess Adelaide slept in peace... which... from the birth of Christ make the present year one thousand twenty-six, in which this little book was written by a certain fragile monk, Arnulf by name..." (Bibl. nat. of Madrid, ms. Ee 40, fo 118 vo). See the inquest of 2 January 1215: "countess Blanche, who is buried at Montmajour, gave to that monastery all the right which she herself had in the whole town and territory of Lagozes..." (Biblioth. Méjanes ms. 812). By a mandate of Benedict VIII of 1 September 1016, it is known that Alix bore the surname of Blanche: "To the lady countess Adelaide, most worthy of all reverence and veneration, surnamed Blanche, and to her daughter-in-law, the lady countess Gerberga." (Ruffi, Dissertations, 1712, p. 19; cf. Duchesne, Hist. Franc. Script. t. IV, pp. 169-171; Jaffé, 2e éd., no 4013).

Death: 1026

Buried: Abbey of Montmajour

Sources:

Ermengarde of Anjou

Father: Geoffroy "Grisegonelle"

Mother: Adele of Meaux

Married: Conan I in 960

Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne vol 1 p63 (Pierre-Hyacinthe Morice, 1750)
AN. 970 … Il y avoit dix ans, que Conan Comte de Rennes avoit épousé Hermengarde, fille de Geoffroi. Cette alliance qui devoit naturellement les unir, n’avoit pas empêché que Conan ne fit revivre les droits de ſes ancêtres ſur cette partie de l’Anjou, qui eſt entre le Maine & les frontiéres de la Bretagne.
This roughly translates as:
AN. 970 … Ten years ago, Conan, Count of Rennes, had married Hermengarde, daughter of Geoffroi. This alliance, which was naturally to unite them, had not prevented Conan from reviving the rights of his ancestors over this part of Anjou, which is between Maine and the borders of Brittany.

Children:
Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne vol 1 p65 (Pierre-Hyacinthe Morice, 1750)
  Conan laiſſa pluſieurs enfans légitimes & quelques bâtards; les premiers ſont Geoffroi qui lui ſuccéda; Juhael Comte de Porhoet, ſuivant du Faz, Judicael Evêque de Vannes, Catuallon Abbé de Redon, Alain, Urvodius, deux autres tués à Angers , & Judith femme de Richard II. Duc de Normandie.
This roughly translates as:
  Conan left several legitimate children and some bastards; the first are Geoffrey who succeeded him; Juhael Count of Porhoet, follower of Faz, Judicael Bishop of Vannes, Catuallon Abbot of Redon, Alain, Urvodius, two others killed at Angers, and Judith wife of Richard II, Duke of Normandy.

Notes:
Glabri Rodulphi Historiarum liber II in Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 10 p15 (1874)
CAP. III. De Conano Duce Brittonum, et Fulcone Andegavorum.
… Horum scilicet Brittonum aliquandò Princeps extitit quidam (d) Conanus nomine, qui etiam accepta in matrimonio (e) Fulconis Andegavorum Comitis sorore
  (d) Conanus Redonensis Comes, mortuo Alano Guereci filio, solus regnavit anno 990.
  (e) Fulco Nerra dictus patri suo Goffredo successit an. 987, obiit an. 1040.
This roughly translates as:
CHAPTER III. Of Conan, Duke of the Britons, and Fulk of Anjou.
… Of these Britons, a certain (d) Conan by name was for some time a prince, who also took in marriage (e) the sister of Fulk, count of Anjou
(d) Conan, Count of Redon, reigned alone in the year 990, after the death of Alan, son of Guerec.
(e) Fulk, called Nerra, succeeded his father Godfrey in the year 987, and died in the year 1040.

The Conqueror and his companions vol 1 p80 (James Robinson Planché, 1874)
  Judith was the only child of Conan le Tort, Count of Rennes, by his second wife Ermengarde, daughter of Geoffrey Grisegonelle, married according to the “Chroniques de Mont St. Michel” in 970. Conan was slain at the battle of Conquereux in 992.

Sources:

Foulques I "le Reux"

Father: Ingelger

Married: Roscilla

Children:
Occupation: Count of Anjou

Foulques was viscount of Angers, before becoming count of Anjou. He was also viscount of Tours, count of Nantes and abbot of Saint-Aubin d'Angers and Saint-Lézin

Notes:
This charter, dated 929-930, by Foulques I names his father, his wife, his children and his wife's parents.
Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers vol 1 pp203-4 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903)
Carta Fulconis Andecavorum, comitis Ingelgerii filii, de donatione curtis Chiriaci Sancto Albino.
  [58] In nomine Domini nostri et Salvatoris Jhesu Christi.
  Ego Fulco, Andecavorum cornes, abbas quoque Saneti Albini Sanctique Lizinii, necnon et uxor mea Roscilla et filii mei, Widdo ac Fulco, nullius cogentis imperium, sed nostra plenissima voluntate, fatetur nos, pro Dei amore et pro remedium mee anime vel anime Ingelgerio, genitore meo, atque Ingelgerio, filio meo, necnon pro anima Warnerio, socro meo et uxore sua, Tescenda, ut pius Dominus de peccatis nostris indulgentiam habere dignaretur, curti Chiriaci cum silvis vel pratis, totum ad integrum in inquisitum, quantumcumque in ipso loco in mea videtur esse potestate, vobis trado atque firmo ut ab hac die ac deinceps habeatis, teneatis, possideatis, neminem contradicentem.
  Est autem prefata curtis super alveum Ligeris.
  Si quis autem, ausu temerario, contra hanc donationem venire aut infrangere conaverit, primitus iram Dei omnipotentis incurrat sancteque virginis Marie, sancti quoque Albini ac sancti Lizinii necnon omnium sanctorum Dei, et hoc quod repetit non vindicet, et insuper coactus auri cocti libras decem exsolvat, et presens scriptio firma ac stabilis permaneat cum stipulatione subnixa.
  S. Fulconis comitis ac filiis suis fieri ac firmare jusserunt. S. Fulconi vicario. S. Hervei episcopi. S. Letgaudi prepositi. S. Adhelardo decano. S. Otberto archidiacono. S. Herveo presbitero. S. Rainaldo presbitero. S. Ysachar diacono. S. Lisierno subdiacono. S. Warino. S. Alveo. S. Heldemanno. S, Herneiso. S. Bernardo. S. Marcoardo. S. Widdoni. S. Sieffrido. S. Ulgerio.
  Actum Andecavis civitate, regnante Rodulfo rege anno VII.
  Adutanus monachus scripsit.
  (1) Cette charte a été imprimée par Mabille, à la page 101 de son introduction aux Chroniques des comtes d’Anjou. Avant lui, elle avait été publiée plus ou moins complètement au tome II, p. 121, de la première édition du Gallia, dans le Franc-Alleu de Galland, p. 295; au tome II, p. 524 de l’Abrégé chronologique de Labbe et dans Dom Morice, Preuves, t. I, p. 343. M. d’Achon en possède une copie authentique de 1767 dans laquelle quelques-unes des incorrections grammaticales du texte ont été corrigées.
This roughly translates as:
Charter of Fulcon of Anjou, son of count Ingelgerius, concerning the donation of the manor of Cyriacus to Saint Albinus.
  [58] In the name of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
  I Fulcon, count of Anjou, also abbot of Saint Albinus and Saint Lizinius, and also my wife Roscilla and my sons, Widdo and Fulco, without any compelling authority, but of our own most complete will, confess that we, for the love of God and for the remedy of my soul and the souls of Ingelgerius, my father, and Ingelgerius, my son, and also for the soul of Warner, my father-in-law and his wife, Tescenda, that the pious Lord may deign to have indulgence for our sins, do deliver and confirm to you the manor of Cyriacus with its woods or meadows, all in full and in the inquisition, as much as seems to be in my power in that place, that from this day and henceforth you may have, hold, and possess, no one opposing us.
  Now the aforementioned manor is on the channel of the Loire.
  If anyone, however, with reckless audacity, attempts to come against this donation or to break it, let him first incur the wrath of Almighty God and the holy Virgin Mary, also Saint Albinus and Saint Lizinius, and all the saints of God, and let him not vindicate what he repeats, and in addition, he shall be forced to pay ten pounds of baked gold, and let this writing remain firm and stable with the stipulation supported by it.
  They ordered that it be made and confirmed by count Fulk and his sons. Signed Fulk's vicar. Signed Hervey, bishop. Signed Letgaud, provost. Signed Adhelard, dean. Signed Otbert, archdeacon. Signed Hervey, presbyter. Signed Rainald, presbyter. Signed Issachar, deacon. Signed Lisierno, subdeacon. Signed Warin. Signed Alvey. Signed Heldemann. Signed Herneis. Signed Bernard. Signed Marcoard. Signed Widdoni. Signed Sieffrid. Signed Ulger.
  Act of the city of Angers, in the reign of King Rodolfo in the seventh year.
  The monk Adutanus wrote.
  (1) This charter was printed by Mabille, on page 101 of his introduction to the Chronicles of the Counts of Anjou. Before him, it had been published more or less completely in volume II, p. 121, of the first edition of Gallia, in Galland's Franc-Alleu p. 295; in volume II, p. 524 of Labbe's Chronological Summary and in Dom Morice, Preuves, t. I, p. 343. M. d'Achon has an authentic copy from 1767 in which some of the grammatical errors in the text have been corrected.

Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp31-4 (Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913)
    GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
        DE FULCONE RUFO
  Mortuo itaque patre suo, tempore Lodovici régis Nil Facientis, ad tulelam sui filli Karoli, parvi pupilli remanentis, atque ad defensionem regni jam labefacti, quod ille satis debile per invalitudinem suam fecerat, communi Francorum tractatu electus et accitus est Hugo dux Burgundie, qui orphani illius ex parte matris consanguineus erat, sicut loquuntur historie. Hic idem Hugo, vir et fidei spectabilis et virtutis, tutele sue officium validius quam transactus pririceps qui regnaverat amministrare pro liberatione patrie voluit et speravit, fecissetque si vite prolixitas annuisset. Nam recepta cum christiana devotione et fidelitate potestate illa, que suo tempore cum reverentia et pia humilitate abacomitatus dicta est, a successoribus vero ejus in arrogantius vocabulum, quod est ducamen, mutata, adeptus est princeps ille idem in premium et honorificentiani pro laborc suo partem terrarum in regno. Quod factum est per episcopos et nobiles totius rcgni, qui ei, volenle et concedente Karolo rege puero, dederunt Neustriam. Quo nomine continetur quicquid a Parisius et Aurelianis interjacet inter Ligerim et Sequanam inferius usque in Oceanum. Iste itaque tractus cum ei datus esset ad integrum cum civitatibus et comitatibus et ab[b]atiis castellisque, preter episcopatus solos, qui in regia dominicatura retenti sunt, voluit comites et reliquos proceres suos animosiores et fortiores ad propugnandam regionem efficere. Ideoque omnes aut muneribus aut honoribus ampliavit.
  Iste Fulconi Rufo, sibi per aviam suam consanguineitate, sicut predictum et nobis traditum, conjuncto, integrum comitatum Andegavensium, qui prius bipertitus erat, donavit. Similiter ei et ab[b]atias sancti Albiniet sancli Licini contulit1, que ambe antea regis dominice fuerant. Que omnia Karolus Stultus, filius Lodovici Balbi qui Nichil Fecit, sibi concessit. Vastus animus istius immoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta spe faciebat. Nam ipse audax, patiens erat inedie, algoris et vigilie, sed tamen ardens in cupiditatibus, parum subdolus, varius, cujuslibet rei simulator ac dissimulalor extitit. Contra etiam istum pleraque nobilitas invidia estuabat et quasi pollui consulatum credebat si eum novus homo, quamvis esset egregius, adeptus totum foret. Sed licet diu disturbarent, ubi periculum Normannorum atque Britonum omnia turbantium advenit, invidia atque superbia post fuere. Nam semper complures bonis invident, malos et inertes extollunt, nova optant, odio mutari plura turba atque seditionibus nituntur. Is verô, adepto toto consulatu, quoscunque moribus idoneos credebat et bello usai fore notos noverat, hos omnes sibi alliciebat.
  Igitur iste Fulco uxorem nobilem de pago Turonico duxit, nomine Roscillam, Warnerii filiam1 cujus erant tunc tria castella in Turonico, illud quod dicimus Lochas atque Villentrasti et Haia, quorum duo postea Fulco non bona ratione adquisivit. Warnerius iste, cujus filiam Fulco duxit, filius Adelaudi fuit, illius scilicet cui Karolus Calvus Lochas dedit. Qui Ambazium, sibi similiter a rege datum, Adalaudo episcopo, filio suo ex baptismo, et fratri suo, cum adhuc villa esset, reddiderat. Nam jure hereditario eis contingebat eisque pernimium parvulis predictus rex abstulerat.
  Iste Fulco longevo tempore vixit filiosque suos adultos vidit, quorum unus, nomine Guido, per Hugonem abacomitem Suessionis episcopus factus2, quedam improbabiliter fecit, sed illud laudabile et clarum fuit quod Karolum Stultum, quem paulo ante dixi remansisse de Lodovico Nichil Fecit, quem supra memoravimus orphanum, ipsum a Normannis captum, negligentibus aliis Francis, ipse Guido, obses spontanee factus pro eo, laudabiliter a vinculis abstraxit3. Habuit et Fulco Rufus alium filium, nomine Ingelgerium, adolescentem militarem et validum. Qui ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus et ingenio decoraque facie, non se luxui neque inertie corrumpendum dedit, sed equitando plurima preclara faciebat et minimum ipse de se loquebatur. Quibus actibus suis omnibus vehementissime carus, hostibus vero terrori habebatur. Sed iste Normannis resistendo multas preclaras pugnas perfecit; a quibus ad ultimum captus et occisus, lucem juvenis amisit1, Necnon Fulco Rufus habuit et tertium, juniorem predi[c]torum, de quo post loquemur. Rufus itaque Fulco, ad senilem etatem perductus, jam infestatione Normannorum aliquatenus sedata, cum lumine visus imminuto sibi propinquare sentiret mortem, de excessibus in quibus offenderat conpunctus et penitens (nam in libidinum petulantiam vitiosus fuisse narratur), per domnum Herveum Andegavensem episcopum, virum religiosum et timentem Deum, emendationem suarum culparum Deo optulit; qui pro redemptione earum thesaurum suum totum pauperibus erogavit, insuper et monasteriis sancti Albini sanctique Lizini, in quibus utrisque tunc temporis clerici degebant, optimam curtem Chiriacum, super alveum Ligeris positam, in elemosinam eis in perpetuum tradidit2. Clerici vero sancti Martini, post donationem factam et scriptam, a duabus aliis congregationibus in partem sextam acciti sunt3.
  1. Foulque le Roux paraît comme abbé de Saint-Aubin et Saint-Lézin dans une charte des années 929-930 (Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers, éd. Bertrand de Broussillon, no 177).
  1. Une donation est faite en 929-930 par le comte Foulque, d’accord avec sa femme « Roscilla » et ses fils Gui et Foulque, pour le repos de l’âme de son père « Ingelgerius », de son fils « Ingelgerius », de son beau-père Garnier et de « Tescenda », femme de ce dernier (Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin, éd. Bertrand de Broussillon, no 177). Cf. ci-dessous, la généalogie no II.
  2. Cf. Flodoard, Annales, ann 987, éd. Ph. Lauer, p. 68: « Abbo Suessorum praesul defungitur et Wido, fîlius Fulconis Andegavensis, Sancti Martini Turonensis canonicus, ejus episcopatu potitur. »
  3. Sauf une confusion entre Charles le Simple et Louis IV d’Outre-Mer, en échange duquel Gui s’offrit comme otage (945), les faits sont exacts. Cf. Flodoard, Annales, ann 945, éd. Ph. Lauer, p. 99: « ut rex dimittatur, Wido Suessorum episcopus sese obsidem tradit. » Pour le détail des événements, voir Lauer, Le règne de Louis IV d’Outre-Mer, p. 136.
  1. Cet « Ingelgerius » mourut avant l’année 930. Voir la charte citée cidessus, p. 33, n. 1. La généalogie no II que nous publions en appendice admet également que cet Enjuger était le second fils de Foulque le Roux.
  2. La charte de donation, datée de l’an VII du roi Raoul (929-930), est transcrite au Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers, éd. Bertrand de Broussillon, no 177.
  3. Il s’agit des clercs de Saint-Martin d’Angers. Leur participation pour un sixième aux revenus du domaine de Chirriacus (appelé dans la suite Saint-Remy-la-Varenne) suscita des procès au XIe et au XIIe siècle Voir Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers, éd. Bertrand de Broussilllon, nos 180 et 196.
  4. Foulque le Roux mourut en 941 ou 942. Voir L. Halphen, Le comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 4.
This roughly translates as:
    THE DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
        OF FULCO RUFO
  So when his father died, in the time of king Louis the Do-Nothing, to take charge of his son Charles, who was a small orphan, and to defend the kingdom which had already been weakened, which he had made quite weak by his infirmity, Hugh, Duke of Burgundy, was elected and summoned by common treaty of the Franks, who was a blood relative of that orphan on the mother's side, as the histories say. This same Hugh, a man of both remarkable faith and virtue, by his own protection, wished and hoped to administer for the liberation of his country more valiantly than the deceased prince who had reigned, and would have done so if his long life had permitted. For having received with Christian devotion and fidelity that power, which in his time was called with reverence and pious humility an abacount, but which was changed by his successors into the more arrogant term, which is dukedom, that same prince obtained in reward and honor a portion of the lands in the kingdom for his labors. Which was done by the bishops and nobles of the whole kingdom, who, willingly and with the consent of the young king Charles, gave him Neustria. Under which name is included whatever lies between Paris and Aurelian between the Loire and the Seine down to the Ocean. Therefore, when this tract had been given to him in its entirety with the cities and counties and abbeys and castles, except only the episcopacies, which were retained in the royal dominion, he wished to make his counts and the rest of the nobles more courageous and strong to defend the region. And therefore he enlarged all of them either with gifts or honors.
  He gave to Fulco Rufus, who was related to him through his grandmother by blood, as aforesaid and handed down to us, the entire county of Anjou, which had previously been divided into two. Similarly, he also granted to him the abbeys of Saint Albin and Saint Licinius1, which had both previously been the king's dominion. All of which Charles the Fool, son of Louis Balbus, who did nothing, granted to himself. The vast mind of this man made immoderate, incredible, and overly high hopes. For he himself was bold, patient in his hunger, thirst, and wakefulness, but still ardent in his desires, not very cunning, varied, a pretender and dissimulator of any kind. Most of the nobility also envied him and believed that the consulship would be polluted if a new man, however excellent he might be, were to obtain it in its entirety. But although they disturbed him for a long time, when the danger of the Normans and Britons, who were disturbing everything, arrived, envy and pride were behind them. For many always envy the good, exalt the bad and the indolent, desire new things, and strive for change through hatred and sedition. But he, having obtained the entire consulship, attracted to himself all those whom he believed to be of suitable character and who he knew to be known to be used in war.
  Therefore, this Fulk married a noblewoman from the village of Tours, named Roscilla, the daughter of Warner1, who then had three castles in Tours, that which we call Loches and Villentrasti and Haia, two of which Fulk later acquired unjustly. This Warner, whose daughter Fulk married, was the son of Adelaud, namely the one to whom Charles the Bald gave Loches. He had returned Ambazium, which had been given to him by the king, to bishop Adelaud, his son by baptism, and to his brother, while it was still a town. For it belonged to them by hereditary right, and the aforesaid king had taken away the very best from them as children.
  This Fulk lived a long time and saw his sons grow up, one of whom, named Guy, was made bishop of Suess by Hugh the abbot,2 and he did something improbable, but it was praiseworthy and famous that Charles the Fool, whom I said a little earlier had remained from Louis the Great, whom we mentioned above as an orphan, was himself captured by the Normans, while the other Franks were negligent, Guy himself, voluntarily becoming a hostage for him, laudably rescued from his bonds3. Fulk Rufus also had another son, named Ingelgerius, a young soldier and strong. When he first grew up, powerful in strength and intelligence and a handsome face, he did not give himself up to luxury or idleness, but did many excellent things in riding and spoke very little about himself. For all these acts of his he was held in great esteem, but was truly feared by his enemies. But he fought many excellent battles in resisting the Normans; by whom, finally captured and killed, he lost the light of youth1. Nor did Fulco Rufus have a third, the younger of the prophets, of whom we will speak later. Therefore, Fulco Rufus, having reached old age, and now that the Norman invasion had been somewhat calmed down, and with his eyesight dimmed, felt that death was approaching him, remorseful and repentant of the excesses in which he had offended (for he is said to have been vicious in lustful petulance), offered to God through Lord Herve, bishop of Anjou, a religious and God-fearing man, the amendment of his sins; who, in redemption of them, gave away his entire treasury to the poor, and in addition to the monasteries of St. Albinus and St. Lizinus, in both of which clerics were living at that time, he gave them the best court of Chiriacum, situated on the Loire riverbed, as alms in perpetuity2. But the clerics of St. Martin, after the donation had been made and written, were called upon by two other congregations to give a sixth part3.
  1. Foulque le Roux appears as abbot of Saint-Aubin and Saint-Lézin in a charter of the years 929-930 (Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers, ed. Bertrand de Broussillon, no. 177).
  1. A donation was made in 929-930 by count Foulque, in agreement with his wife "Roscilla" and his sons Gui and Foulque, for the repose of the soul of his father "Ingelgerius", his son "Ingelgerius", his father-in-law Garnier and "Tescenda", the latter's wife (Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin, ed. Bertrand de Broussillon, no. 177). Cf. below, genealogy no II.
  2. Cf. Flodoard, Annales, year 987, ed. Ph.D. Lauer, p. 68: "The Abbot of Suess resigns his position as bishop, and Wido, son of Fulk of Anjou, canon of Saint Martin of Tours, takes over his episcopate."
  3. Except for a confusion between Charles the Simple and Louis IV d’Outre-Mer, in exchange for whom Gui offered himself as a hostage (945), the facts are accurate. Cf. Flodoard, Annales, year 945, ed. Ph.D. Lauer, p. 99: "Either the king is released, or Wido, bishop of Suess, gives himself up as a hostage." » For the details of the events, see Lauer, Le règne de Louis IV d’Outre Mer, p. 136.
  1. This "Ingelgerius" died before the year 930. See the charter cited above, p. 33, no. 1. The genealogy no. II that we publish in the appendix also admits that this Enjuger was the second son of Foulque le Roux.
  2. The donation charter, dated from year VII of king Raoul (929-930), is transcribed in the Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers, ed. Bertrand de Broussillon, no. 177.
  3. These are the clerics of Saint-Martin d’Angers. Their participation for one-sixth of the revenues of the domain of Chirriacus (called later Saint-Remy-la-Varenne) gave rise to lawsuits in the 11th and 12th centuries See Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers, ed. Bertrand de Broussilllon, nos 180 and 196.
  4. Fulk the Red died in 941 or 942. See L. Halphen, Le comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 4.
p167
    GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
ADDITAMENTA
   DE FULCONE RUFO. — Iste, similia patris actibus aut etiam majora adversus impugnatores exercuit. Integrum comitatum, qui prius bipartitas erat, recepit nec minora ibi quam sperabatar operatus est; gravia vero bella insignesque victorias contra hostes factitavit. Nam ipse audax, patiens erat inedie, algoris et vigilie, sed tamen ardens in cupiditatibus, varius, cujuslibet rei simulator ac dissimulator exstitit. Vastus animus ejus immoderata ac incredibilia sepe faciebat.
This roughly translates as:
    DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
ADDITIONAL
   OF FULCO RUFO. —  He performed deeds similar to those of his father, or even greater, against his adversaries. He received back his entire retinue, which had previously been divided, and did no less there than he had expected; but he waged serious wars and notable victories against his enemies. For he himself was bold, patient in hunger, thirst, and wakefulness, but yet burning with desires, he was a man of many kinds, a pretender and dissembler of every kind. His vast mind often did immoderate and incredible things.

Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p47 (1874)
[An. 888.] Tunc etiam obiit Ingelgerius Comes Andegavensis anno Comitatûs XVIII; cui successit Fulco Rufus filius ejus, qui cum eo apud Autissiodorum fuerat ad corpus B. Martini evehendum. Huic itaque Fulconi dederat Hugo Magnus, antequàm moreretur, alium dimidium Comitatûs Andegaviæ, dum haberet puerum Carolum in tutela. Nec multò pòst Fulco uxorem duxit filiam cujusdam Galteri, cum qua recepit Leucas, Villentras et Haiam: de qua posteà genuit Guidonem Episcopum Suessionensem et Ingelgerium militem formosissimum et famosissimum, qui posteà, in bello à Normannis occisus fuit, et Fulconem Bonum, qui ei in comitatu successit.
This roughly translates as:
[Year 888.] Then also died Ingelger, Count of Anjou, in the 18th year of the Count; who was succeeded by Fulk Rufus, his son, who had been with him at Autissiodorum to carry the body of St. Martin. And so to Fulk, Hugh the Great had given, before he died, another half of the County of Anjou, while he had the boy Charles under his guardianship. Not long after, Fulk married the daughter of a certain Galter, with whom he received Leucas, Villentres, and Haim: by whom he afterwards begot Guy, Bishop of Suez, and Ingelger, a most handsome and famous soldier, who was afterwards killed in war by the Normans, and Fulk the Good, who succeeded him in the County.

Death: after 13 August 941.
Both Foulques and his son Foulques witnessed a charter between 13 and 31 August 941, so Foulques was still living on the former date.

Buried: in the abbey of St. Martin, Tours, county of Touraine

Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p52 (1874)
[An. 938.]  Anno Othonis III et Ludovici Regis II, erant adhuc Canonici seculares in Ecclesia S. Albini apud Andegavis: ubi Fulco Rufus Comes Andegavensis Monachos posuit; nec multò pòst obiit, et in Ecclesia B. Martini Turon. juxta patrem suum sepultus est: cui successit Fulco Bonus filius ejus.
This roughly translates as:
[Year 938.] In the 3rd year of King Otto and the 2nd of King Louis, there were still secular canons in the Church of St. Albinus at Anjou: where Fulk Rufus, Count of Anjou, ordained monks; he died not long afterwards, and was buried in the Church of St. Martin of Tours, next to his father: who was succeeded by his son Fulk Good.

Sources:

Foulques II "le Bon"

Father:  Foulques I "le Reux"

Mother: Roscilla

Married (1st): Gerberge

Children:
Married (2nd): the sister of Thibaut "le Tricheur", count of Blois and Chartres.

After the death of duke Alain Barbetorte of Brittany in 952, Foulques married his widow, a sister of count Thibaut le Tricheur of Blois and Chartres, obtained the guardianship of his wife's son Drogo, and divided Brittany with Thibaut into spheres of influence, with Foulques taking the city of Nantes.

La chronique de Nantes pp107-11 (René Merlet, 1896)
Namque Theobaldus, comes Blesensis, Fulconi, comiti Andegavensi1, tradens sororem suam, relictam Alani Barbaetortae ducis, in uxorem, ei dimisit, quandiu Drogo infans, nepos ejus adultus esset, medietatem urbis Namneticae et territorii ejus et telonei et omnium consuetudinum, unde teloneum exigi poterat, ac etiam totius Britanniae medietatem; et residuam partem Britanniae, quam Juhael Berengarii comes et Wicohenus archiepiscopus Dolensis, de illo receperunt, in sua potestate retinuit. Et de expletis, quae inde habuit, Carnoti turrem et Blesii et Cainonis perfecit. Quam sororem ejusdem Theobaldi Fulco comes in uxorem ducens, ac Drogonem, infantem parvulum, in custodîa sua ad nutriendum accipiens usque ad XV arinos, eosdem matrem et filium deduxit Andegavum, mittensque postmodum servos suos ad res Namneticae civitatis sibi datas recipiendas, eis praecepit ut omnia sibi apud Andegavum afferrent. Quadam autem die, dum Fulco comes in aula sua Andegavis jocaretur ad tabulas, tres sacculos, denariis plenos, sibi attulerunt. Qui vero haec prospiciens, in corde suo valde miratus fuit, et dixit cunctis ibi astantibus, quod nullus vir in toto Francorum regno tam dives et potens erat, sicut ille qui urbem Namneticam possidere valebat. Accedensque, cupiditate pessima ductus, ad nutricem, quae Drogonem puerum nutriebat, indicit ei ut illum occideret, magna illi promittens munera, et, si non faceret, nunquam viva evaderet. Quo audito, nutrix valde turbata el omnino anxia fuit quid de tanta crudelitate facere posset. Tandem minis tyranni perterrita, ab illo quaesivit quomodo hoc scelus perpetraret. Ipse vero eam docuit ut, quando Drogonis balneum temperaret, frigidum faceret, habensque in patella, supra ignem posita, aquam validissime calidam, illi in aqua frigida balneanti super caput infunderet; et, quum mater ejus, valde intenta ad eum observandum et timida semper ne eidem filio aliquod impedimentum eveniret, vagitus ejus audiret, mox accurreret, requirens quid infans haberet, tangensque balneum, frigidum inveniret; sicque sine culpa hoc facinus perficere posset. His autem nutrix nefandis auditis, fecit sicut comes, vir diabolicus, docuerat, et sic furtive tali ingenio Drogo infans interfectus est, quem mater ejus valde graviter deplorans, semper in corde suo maestitia retinuit1.
  1. Foulques le Bon, comte d Angers de 942 à 968. — La partie de la Bretagne, sur laquelle Foulques exerça sa domination comme tuteur du jeune Drogon, comprenait le comté de Nantes el peut-être celui de Vannes; les comtes d’Angers, successeurs de Foulques, revendiquèrent jusqu’au XIe siècle le droit de suzeraineté sur le pays de Nantes et sur celui de Mauge qui en dépendait.
  1. La légende de la mort de Drogon n’est guère admissible. Foulques d’Angers ne pouvait trouver aucun avantage à faire disparaître son pupille. Ce qui est certain, c’est que Drogon mourut à Angers, vers l’an 958, avant d’avoir atteint sa quinzième année. Cette mort le l’héritier légitime de la Bretagne fut la cause première d’une lutte longue et sanglante entre les Normands et les Bretons. Voir à ce sujet, R. Merlet, Origines du monastère de Saint-Magloire de Paris, mém. cité. 
This roughly translates as:
For Theobald, count of Blois, gave his sister, who had been left by duke Alan Barbateurt, to Fulk, count of Anjou, in marriage, and left to him, as long as Drogo, his grandson, was an infant, half of the city of Nantes and its territory, and the toll and all the customs from which toll could be exacted, and also half of all Brittany; and he retained in his own power the remaining part of Brittany, which count Juhael Berengaria and Archbishop Wicohen of Dol received from him. And from the proceeds which he had from it, he completed the tower of Carnot and of Blois and of Caen. Which sister of the same Theobald, count Fulcon took in marriage, and took Drogo, a small infant, into his custody to be brought up until fifteen years old, he brought the same mother and son to Anjou, and afterwards sent his servants to receive the things of the city of Nantes which had been given to him, and ordered them to bring everything to him at Anjou. One day, while count Fulk was playing at the tables in his court at Anjou, they brought him three bags full of money. But he, seeing this, was greatly astonished in his heart, and said to all who were present that no man in the whole kingdom of the Franks was so rich and powerful as he who was able to possess the city of Nantes. And going up, led by a most wicked desire, he ordered the nurse who was nursing the child Drogo to kill him, promising her great gifts, and that if she did not do so, she would never escape alive. Hearing this, the nurse was greatly troubled and completely anxious as to what she could do about such cruelty. Finally, terrified by the tyrant's threats, she asked him how she could commit this crime. He himself taught her that when she was preparing Drogo's bath, she should make it cold, and having very hot water in a pan placed over the fire, she should pour it over his head as he was bathing in cold water; and when his mother, very intent on watching him and always fearful lest any obstacle should befall her son, heard his cries, she immediately ran to ask what the child had, and touching the bath, found it cold; and thus she could have accomplished this deed without guilt. But the nurse, hearing these wicked things, did as the count, the devilish man, had instructed, and so the child Drogo was secretly killed by such a cunning, whom his mother, lamenting very gravely, always retained in her heart a sorrow.
  1. Foulques the Good, count of Angers from 942 to 968. — The part of Brittany over which Foulques exercised his domination as tutor of the young Drogon, included the county of Nantes and perhaps that of Vannes; the counts of Angers, successors of Foulques, claimed until the 11th century the right of suzerainty over the country of Nantes and that of Mauge which depended on it.
  1. The legend of Drogo's death is hardly admissible. Fulk of Angers could find no advantage in making his ward disappear. What is certain is that Drogo died in Angers, around the year 958, before reaching his fifteenth year. This death of the legitimate heir to Brittany was the primary cause of a long and bloody struggle between the Normans and the Bretons. See on this subject, R. Merlet, Origines du moine de Saint-Magloire de Paris, op. cit.

Occupation: Count of Anjou

Notes:
Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp34-7 (Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913)
    GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
        DE FULCONE COGNOMENTOBONO
Post hec mortuo Fulcone Rufo4, al ter Fulco, filius ejus junior, qui cognominatus est Bonus, successit. Nam tres filios habuisse legitur: Guidonem episcopum, Ingelgerium istumque Fulconem. Iste fuit pacifici et tranquilli et mitis ingenii. Optimus ista sua benefacta laudari quam aliorum ipse narrare malebat; boni ipsius mores domi et militie colebantur; jus bonum, concordia maxima, minima avaritia in ipso erat. Nulla bclla gessit, quia jam sua etate pax facta cum Normannis erat.
… Illis temporibus, totius bonitatis amator Fulco secundus in pace degebat. Qui ecclesiastici decoris et religionis studiis delectabatur. Ecclesie Dei cultum et honorificum decorem diligens, ex suo proprio plures augmentabat. Enimvero erga ecclesiam beati Martini specialem amorem et reverentiam gerebat. Unde, in monasterio ejus aput Turonos collegio fratrum asscriptus, canonicus ibidem esse et dici gaudebat; in festis etiam ejusdem sancti in choro inter psallentes clericos cum veste clericali et sub disciplina ipsorum astabat. Illuc cum pergere ad certas per annum sollempnitates celebrandas disponeret, copiosum et divitem apparatum expensarum sollicite premittebat; hospitabatur aput mediocrem aliquem ex clericis et domum illam ubi mansurus esset magno ornamentorum cultu venustare secundum consuetum morem semper faciebat: hoc autem eo consilio ut in discessu suo hospes ille, quamvis antea tenuis, ex rerum reliquiis sibi prorsus dimissis ditatus remaneret, quod ita de non paucis eum actitisse compertum est. Qualicumque vero ex parte Turono propinquans illud monasterium prospicere potuisset, mox equo desiliens et ibidem humili prostratus cum devotione orabat, veniam delictorum suorum sibi per intercessionem sancti confessoris expostulans1.
  Ejus autem tempore, pago Andegavensi, sicut supradictum est, pacis quiete divinitus concessa, idem comes urbem et territorium illud, ecclesias quoque reparare satagens, agriculture et animalium nutriture operam dabat, ipse etiam cupiens et alios suo exemplo incitans inopiam preteritorum temporum, quam hostilitates diutine invexerant, habundanti opulentia bonorum terre recompensare. Tunc vero multi ex extraneis diversisque regionibus circumpositis incole in pagum istum commigrarunt, tam clementi bonitate principis quam ubertate glebe huc evocati. Namque terra ista, per diutinam solitudinem sui et cessationem culture pinguefacta, mirabili lune fertilitate fructuum et bonorum omnium resplendebat et respondebat; silvarum incrementis pleraque sui parte vestita, eas incidentibus et concid[ent]ibus colonis ipsis locis utentibus facili labore satisfaciebat.
  4. Foulque le Roux mourut en 941 ou 942. Voir L. Halphen, Le comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 4.
  1. Foulque le Bon mourut vers l’an 960. Voir L. Halphen, Le comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 6.
This roughly translates as:
    THE DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
        OF FULCO SURNAMED BONO
  After Fulco Rufus died4, his younger son, who was surnamed Bono, succeeded him. For it is read that he had three sons: Guido, bishop, Ingelgerius, and this Fulco. The latter was of a peaceful and tranquil disposition, and of a mild disposition. He preferred to have his good deeds praised rather than to recount them himself; his good manners were respected at home and in the army; he had good law, the greatest concord, and the least avarice. He waged no war, because by his age peace had already been made with the Normans.
… In those times, Fulco the Second, a lover of all goodness, lived in peace. He delighted in ecclesiastical decorum and religious studies. Loving the worship and honorable decorum of the Church of God, he increased many of them from his own. Indeed, he had a special love and reverence for the church of blessed Martin. Hence, having been enrolled in the college of brothers in his monastery near Tours, he was glad to be and to be called a canon there; On the feasts of the same saint he also stood in the choir among the psalmists, in clerical attire and under their discipline. When he was going there to celebrate certain solemnities during the year, he carefully prepared a copious and rich provision for his expenses; he would entertain some mediocre cleric and, according to his usual custom, he always made the house where he was to stay beautify with great adornment: this, however, with the intention that on his departure that guest, although previously poor, would remain enriched from the remains of the things left to him, which is known to have happened to not a few people. But from whatever side he could see that monastery, approaching Tours, he immediately dismounted from his horse and there, humbly prostrated himself, prayed with devotion, asking for forgiveness of his sins through the intercession of the holy confessor1.
  But in his time, in the village of Anjou, as has been said above, the peace and quiet granted by God, the same count, striving to repair that city and territory, as well as the churches, worked at agriculture and the feeding of animals, also desiring himself and inspiring others by his example to compensate for the poverty of past times, which hostilities had long brought, with the abundant wealth of the land's goods. Then, indeed, many inhabitants from foreign and diverse surrounding regions migrated to that village, drawn here both by the clement goodness of the prince and by the fertility of the soil. For that land, fattened by its long solitude and cessation of cultivation, shone and responded to the moon with a wonderful fertility of fruits and all goods; most of it was clothed with the growth of forests, which it satisfied with easy labor as the settlers who came and went, who used the places themselves.
  4. Fulk the Red died in 941 or 942. See L. Halphen, Le comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 4.
  1. Fulk the Good died around the year 960. See L. Halphen, Le comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 6.
p167
    GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
ADDITAMENTA
   DE FULCONE PIO. — Ista fuit pacifici, tranquilli et mitis ingenii. Optimus iste sua beneficia laudari quam ipse alioram narrare malebat; boni ipsius mores domi et militie colebantur; jus bonum, concordia maxima, nulla avaritia in illo erat. Ipse Christum portavit, in specie leprosi, a Portu Cuurdonis usque in porticum beati Martini Castri Novi. Iste cum in choro beati Martini esset ut canonicus, ut caneret cum ceteris, regi Francie, qui tune forte aderat et eum cum suis commilitonibus deludebat. litteras hujusmodi formam habentes misit : « Regi Francoriim cornes Andegavorum. Noveritis, domine, quia rex illiteratus est asinus coronatus. »
This roughly translates as:
    DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
ADDITIONAL
   OF FULCO PIO —  He was of a peaceful, tranquil, and gentle disposition. He was the best of men, and preferred his own merits to be praised, which he himself preferred to tell; his good morals were respected at home and in the army; he had good law, great concord, and no avarice. He himself carried Christ, in the guise of a leper, from the Port of Cuurdon to the portico of Saint Martin of Castel Nuovo. When he was in the choir of Saint Martin as a canon, to sing with the others, he sent a letter to the king of France, who happened to be present at the time and was deceiving him with his fellow soldiers, in the following form: "To the king of France, the horns of Anjou. Know, my lord, that an illiterate king is a crowned ass."

Death: 958, in the abbey of St. Martin, Tours, county of Touraine

Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p53 (1874)
[An. 958.] Anno Othonis XXI et Lotharii Regis Francorum II, Fulco Bonus Comes Andegavensis ad festum B. Martini veniens, in portu de Cordum super fluvium Carum leprosum horribilem invenit, qui rauca voce singultuoso gemitu Comiti supplicavit ut eum in gremio suo per aquam transferret usque ad Ecclesiam B. Martini, quia tot et tantis ulceribus plenus erat, quòd nihil incommodi sustinere poterat. Quo audito, Comes eum leviter in gremium recipiens, aquam intrat… leprosum usque ad B. Martini Ecclesiam deportavit… Cumque in crastinum in Choro B. Martini Missam Dominicam audisset, et de manu Archiepiscopi accepta Eucharistia, in sede sua, quæ nunc Decani dicitur, resedisset, spiritum exhalavit anno Ducatûs XVIII, et in Ecclesia B. Martini Turon. sepullus est: cui successit Gaufridus Grisa-tunica. Alios autem duos filios habebat, Guidonem et Drogonem, qui fuerunt successivè Episcopi Ecclesiæ Podiensis…
This roughly translates as:
[An. 958.] In the 21st year of Otto and the 2nd year of Lothair, King of the Franks, Fulk the Good, Count of Anjou, coming to the feast of St. Martin, found a horrible leper in the port of Cordum on the river Carus, who with a hoarse voice and sobbing groans begged the Count to carry him on his lap through the water to the Church of St. Martin, because he was full of so many and such sores that he could not bear any inconvenience. Hearing this, the Count lightly took him on his lap, entered the water… carried the leper to the Church of St. Martin… And when on the next day he had heard Sunday Mass in the Choir of St. Martin, and had received the Eucharist from the hand of the Archbishop, he had sat down in his seat, which is now called the Dean’s, he breathed his last in the 18th year of the Duchy, and was buried in the Church of St. Martin in Tours: he was succeeded by Geoffrey the Grey-robed. He had two other sons, Guido and Drogon, who were successively Bishops of the Church of Podi...

Buried: in the abbey of St. Martin, Tours, county of Touraine

Sources:

Geoffroy "Grisegonelle"

Father: Foulques II "le Bon"

Mother: Gerberge

Geoffroy names his parents in a charter, dated 966, concerning the abbey of St Aubin.
Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers vol 1 pp4-6 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903)
II. (A. 2.) — 966, 19 juin
… Carta Gaufridi Andecavensis comitis cui Grisea Gunnella cognomen fuit, de canonicis ejectis in monasterio Sancti Albini et monachili regula imposita et Widboldo abbate primo instituto.
… Illud notum esse volumus omnibus sanctæ Dei ecclesiæ fidelibus, quia in hac re bonam operandi a Deo percipientes voluntatem, statuimus in primis, pro remedio animæ senioris nostri domni Hugonis, præsentis Francorum ducis, seu pro patris matrisque ejus animæ itidem redemptione, necnon causa adjutorii animæ patris mei Fulconis, matris quoque meæ Gerbergæ, in prædicto cœnobio Sancti Albini monachilis ordinis perfectionem, eliminata, quæ in eodem loco non dominicis hactenus, sed suis secularibus vacaverit lucris, canonicali congregatione.
 This roughly translates as:
II. (A. 2.) — 966, 19 June
… Charter of Geoffrey, count of Anjou, surnamed Grisea Gunnella, concerning the canons expelled from the monastery of Saint Albinus and the imposition of a monastic rule and instituted by Widbold, the first abbot.
… We wish this to be known to all the faithful of the holy church of God, because in this matter, having received from God the will to work well, we have decided, first of all, for the relief of the soul of our elder lord Hugh, the present duke of the Franks, or for the redemption of the souls of his father and mother, and also for the cause of the assistance of the souls of my father Fulk, and also of my mother Gerberga, to abolish the perfection of the monastic order in the aforesaid monastery of Saint Albinus, which has not hitherto been occupied in the same place by the Lords, but by its secular profits, by a canonical congregation.

Married (1st): Adele of Meaux

Children:
Married (2nd): Adelais

Adelais was married firstly to Lambert, count of Chalon, with whom she had a son, Hugues, and a daughter, Mathilde. Adelais and Geoffrey appeared as witnesses ("S. Gauzfredi, comitis. S. Adaleidis, comitissa") in a charter dated 18 October 984 (Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny vol 2 p724 #1710 (Alexandre Bruel, 1876)). She survived both her husbands.

Children:
Occupation: Count of Anjou, succeeding his father sometime between September 958 and September 960, when he signed a donation to the monastery of Saint-Florent de Saumur as "Gausfredi comitis" (Histoire du comté du Maine p162 (Robert Latouche, 1910)).

Notes:
Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny vol 2 pp528-9 #1474 (Alexandre Bruel, 1876)
        1474.
CHARTA QUA GAUSFREDUS COMES UXORQUE EJUS ADELEIDIS ET HUGO, LAMBERTI COMITIS FILIUS, DANT MONASTERIO CLUNIACENSI VINEAS SITAS IN FINE JEMULACENSI.
    [Bibl. nat. or. 53; cop. 13-86; A. m. 403, CCCCXXXIV].
[979, mars]  Mundi termino appropinquante, ruinis crebrescentibus, jam certe signa manifestantur. Idcirco ego Gausfredus, comes, atque uxor mea Adeleidis, atque Hugo, filius Lanberti2 comitis, donamus Deo et sanctis apostolis ejus Petro et Paulo, et ad locum Cluniacum, cui preest domnus Maiolus abba, pro remedio animarum nostrarum, quasdam res nostras quæ nobis obvenerunt ex parte Aganonis3 levitæ; et sunt ipsæ res sitæ in pago Cabilonensi, in fine Jemulacense, ubi a Fusciaco vocatur: hoc sunt vineæ quas de Hebreis adquisivit ipse Aganus; et est ipsa vinea quam Teudbaldus plantavit atque ædificavit, et alia vinea simul tenente, et terminant de uno latus terra Sancti Petri, et de alio latus Bonæfîliæ, et ad heredes Vulberti, et de superiori fronte terra Sancti Petri, et de subteriori via publica. Alia quoque vinea terminat de uno latere terra Bonæfiliæ, et de alio latere terra Aynonis et Jodzeldis, de superiori vero fronte terra Sancti Petri, et de subteriore terra Hebreorum. Alia vero vinea quæ in Pradilis vocat, terminat de uno latere terra Sancti Petri, et de alio latere terra Sismundi et fratris ejus, de superiori fronte Aynonis et Jodzeldis, et de subteriori terra Ainonis et Jodzeldis ac Sancti Petri. Donamus etiam et alias duas vineas quas Ingelgarius, presbiter, Aynoni contulit, que sunt in ipso loco sitȩ. Iterum etiam donamus aliam vineam quæ est in ipso loco sita Grandis Camera, raxiam unam, et terminat de uno latere terra Sancti Petri, et de alio similiter Sancti Petri et Emmonis, de superiori etiam fronte ipsius Emmonis, et de subteriori Sismundi et fratris ejus. Istas res denominatas atque suprascriptas donamus, sicut jam diximus, ad prefatum locum, pro remedio animarum nostrarum atque ipsius Aynonis, qui nobis has res contulit; et volumus insuper ut heȩ res seniper sint in alimonia fratrum Cluniensium, ut semper omnibus diebus habeant rationem pro nobis preces effundere et pauperes pro nobis recreare. Si quis vero, nos ipsi, aut ulla intromissa persona, contra hanc donationem venerit, iram Dei omnpotentis incurrat et sanctorum apostolorum, nisi emendaverit; cogente etiam potestate, auri libras v persolvat, et inantea firma et stabilis permaneat, stipulatione subnixa. Actum Cluniaco publice. Signuni Gausfredi1, comitis, et uxoris ejus Adaleidis et Hugonis, fiiii ejus, qui fieri et firmare rogaverunt. Signuni Heldradi. Signum Odulgarii. Signum Sulpicii. Signum Dimonis. Signum Rodberti. Signum Vualterii, Signum Marchoardi. Signum Hugonis. Data mense martio, anno XXXIIII Hlotharii regis. Vuarnerius, ad vicem cancellarii, recognovit.
  (Au dos:) Gaidfredi comitis, in pago Cabilonensis, de vineis.
  2 Dans les signatures, Hugues figure après Adélaïde, et il est dit filius ejus (Adaleidis). Il élait, en effet, fils d’Adélaïde et de Lambert, après la mort duquel Adélaïde avait convolé avec Gausfred ou Geoffroi, auquel elle porta le comté de Chalon.
  1 Il y a ici une croix autographe
 This roughly translates as:
        1474.
A CHARTER BY WHICH COUNT GAUSFRED AND HIS WIFE ADELAIDE AND HUGO, SON OF COUNT LAMBERT, GIVE TO THE MONASTERY OF CLUNY THE VINEYARDS SITUATED AT THE END OF JEMULAC.
    [Bibl. nat. or. 53; cop. 13-86; A. m. 403, 334].
[979, March] As the end of the world approaches, and ruins are increasing, signs are certainly now manifesting themselves. Therefore I, count Gausfred, and my wife Adelaide, and Hugh, son of count Lambert2, give to God and to his holy apostles Peter and Paul, and to the place of Cluny, where the lord Abbot Maiolus presides, for the healing of our souls, certain of our possessions which have come to us from the side of Agano; and the things themselves are situated in the village of Cabilon, at the end of Jemulacense, where it is called by Fusciacus: these are the vineyards which Aganus himself acquired from the Hebrews; and there is the vineyard itself which Theudbald planted and built, and another vineyard which he holds at the same time, and they border on one side the land of Saint Peter, and on the other side the land of Bonafilia, and on the heirs of Vulbert, and on the upper front the land of Saint Peter, and on the lower the public road. Another vineyard also borders on one side the land of Bonafilia, and on the other side the land of Aynon and Jozzeldi, on the upper front the land of Saint Peter, and on the lower the land of the Hebrews. Yet another vineyard which he calls Pradilis, borders on one side the land of Saint Peter, and on the other side the land of Sismund and his brother, on the upper front the land of Aynon and Jozzeldi, and on the lower the land of Aynon and Jozzeldi and Saint Peter. We also give two other vineyards which Ingelgar, the presbyter, gave to Aynoni, which are in the same place. Again we also give another vineyard which is in the same place, the Grand Chamber, one raxia, and which is bounded on one side by the land of Saint Peter, and on the other likewise by Saint Peter and Emmon, on the upper front also by Emmon himself, and on the lower by Sismund and his brother. We give these things named and written above, as we have already said, to the aforesaid place, for the remedy of our souls and of Aynoni himself, who gave us these things; and we desire moreover that these things shall always be in the maintenance of the brothers of Cluniac, that they may always have reason to pour out prayers for us and to refresh the poor for us. But if anyone, ourselves or any other person who interferes, comes against this donation, let him incur the wrath of Almighty God and the holy apostles, unless he amends; by coercive power also, he pays five pounds of gold, and it remains firm and stable in advance, supported by a stipulation. Act of Cluniac public. Sign of Gausfred1, count, and his wife Adaleide and Hugh, his sons, who asked to be made and confirmed. Sign of Heldra. Sign of Odulgar. Sign of Sulpicius. Sign of Dimon. Sign of Rodbert. Sign of Walter, Sign of Marchoard. Sign of Hugh. Dated in the month of March, in the 34th year of King Lothair. Vuarner, in the place of the chancellor, acknowledged.
  (On the back:) Count Gaidfred, in the village of Cabilonensis, of the vineyards.
  2 In the signatures, Hugh appears after Adelaide, and he is said to be filius ejus (Adaleidis). He was, in fact, the son of Adelaide and Lambert, after whose death Adelaide had married Gausfred or Geoffroi, to whom she brought the county of Chalon.
  1 There is an autograph cross here

Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou p167 (Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913)
    GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
ADDITAMENTA
  DE GAUFRIDO GRISA TUNICA. — Iste, militie peritus, pectore et brachio vir jure militario efficacissimus, in multis expeditionibus approbatus fuit. Strenuitas in eo specialiter prefulgebat, clementia in eo florebat, dapsilitatem unice diligebat, hostibus hostiliter inimicabatur, suis viriliter patrocinabatur, que oninia precipue optimos principes decent. Qui ob insignia summi et singularis meriti a rege in preliis signifer et in coronatione regum dapifer tam ipse quam ejus heredes constituuntur.
This roughly translates as:
    DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
ADDITIONAL
   OF GAUFRID THE GREY TUNIC. — This man, an expert in military affairs, a man of great military skill and power, was approved in many expeditions. Vigor shone especially brightly in him, clemency flourished in him, he loved generosity alone, he was hostile to his enemies, and manfully patronized his own, which are all things especially befitting the best of princes. Who, because of the insignia of his supreme and singular merit, is appointed by the king as standard bearer in battles and as a dapifer at the coronation of kings, both he and his heirs.
p233
    FRAGMENTUM HISTORIÆ ANDEGAVENSIS
… Ille igitur Gosfridus Grisa Gonella, pater avi mei Fulconis, cujus probitates enumerare non possumus, excussit Lausdunum de manu Pictavensis comitis2 et in prelio campestri superavit eum super Rupes et persecutus est eum usque ad Mirebellum. Et fugavit Britones, qui venerant Andegavim cum predatorio exercitu, quorum duces erant filii Conani. Et postea fuit cum duce Hugone in obsidione apud Marsonum, ubi arripuit eum infirmitas qua expiravit; et corpus illius allatum est Turonum et sepultum in ecclesia beati Martini.
  2. Cet établissement de Geoffroi Grisegonelle à Loudun est confirmé par Adémar de Chabannes (Chron., III, 37, éd. Chavanon, p. 152), bien que le chroniqueur poitevin parle seulement d’une concession en fief accordée par Guillaume Fièrebrace au comte d’Anjou.
This roughly translates as:
    A FRAGMENT OF THE HISTORY OF ANGEVINS
… That Geoffrey the Grey Cloak, father of my grandfather Fulk, whose probities we cannot enumerate, wrested Loudun from the hand of the count of Poitou and defeated him in a field battle above Rupes and pursued him as far as Mirabellum. And he put to flight the Bretons, who had come to Angevin with a predatory army, whose leaders were the sons of Conan. And afterwards he was with duke Hugh at the siege of Marson, where he was seized with an infirmity from which he expired; and his body was brought to Tours and buried in the church of St. Martin.
  2. This establishment of Geoffroi Grisegonelle in Loudun is confirmed by Adémar de Chabannes (Chron., III, 37, ed. Chavanon, p. 152), although the Poitevin chronicler only speaks of a concession in fief granted by Guillaume Fièrebrace to the Count of Anjou.
pp239-41
      DE MAJORATU ET SENESCALCIA FRANCIAE
  HOC SCRIPTUM FECIT FULCO COMES JEROSOLIMITANUS, IN ECCLESIA SEPULCHRI DE LOCHIS CUM MAGNA SEPULTUS HONORIFICENTIA, DE DONIS FACTIS SUIS ANTECESSORIBUS A REGE FRANCIE.
  Cum Deus voluit sublimare Rotbertum, fîlium ducis, in regem, Gaufridus Grisa Gonella cum tribus millibus armatorum serviebat domino suo regi Rotberto. Otho siquidem rex Alemannorum cum universis copiis suis Saxonum et Danorum Montem Morentiaci obsederat et urbi Parisius multos assultus ignominiose faciebat. In hac necessitate prelii, rex Rotbertus et pater suus ducatum prime cohortis predicto comiti Gaufrido Grisa Gonella tradidit et ad persequendum exercitum Alemannorum ducem et consiliarium constituit.
  Persecutus est itaque rex Rotbertus regem Alemannicum, preeunte Gaufrido Grisa Gonella, usque ad flumen Esne; comes vero Gaufridus, gnarus pugnandi et assuetus, tantam stragem hostium super fluvium dederat ante regis Rotberti adventum, quod stagnum putares, non fluvium. Alemannis itaque fugatis, rex Rotbertus, congregato generali concilio, consilio patris sui et episcoporum, comitum, baronum, dedit Gaufrido comiti quicquid rex Lotharius in episcopatibus suis, Andegavis scilicet et Cenomannis, habuerat; si que vero alia ipse vel successores sui adquirere possent, eadem libertate quam ipse tenebat sibi commendavit1.
  Nequitia comitis Tricacensis non potuit sustinere prosperitatem regis, sed ad ejus deprimendam perfidiam quam majorem potuit exercitum rex congregavit. Obsedit itaque Meludunum; et cum ibi diu sedisset, vidit quod nihil proficeret. Vocato itaque Gaufrido Grisa Gonella, cum Andegavensibus suis sine mora ad consuetum properavit obsequium. Gaufridus autem veniens premisit constabularios suos, rogans ut ostenderetur ei qua parte sederet. Illi vero reversi nuntiaverunt domino suo quod tantus erat exercitus quod nullus erat eis ad obsidendum compeiens locus. Predictum enim oppidum in insula Secane situm erat, circumdatum undique muro calce et harena composito. Videntes itaque Andegavi quod nullum poterant habere hospitium, induunt arma, per medium exercitum transeunt fluctus Secane, dant assultum oppido virtute consueta, capiunt castrum. Quod exercitus non potuit per tres menses, isti dimidie diei spatio adepti sunt. Franci vero, hujus gentis inauditam admirantes audaciam, ubicumque locorum ipsos omni laude magnificabant2.
  Videns autem rex tantam principis strenuitatem et ipsum prevalere in regno tam armis quam consilio et quia hic et alibi bene merueiat, sibi et successoribus suis jure hereditario majoratum regni1 et regie domus dapiferatum, cunctis applaudentibus et laudantibus, exinde constituit.
  Hec verba dixit Fulco comes Tescelino capellano suo: «Audi, presbiter, cujusmodi obsequium prestitit comes Gaufridus Grisa Gonella domino regi Rotberto. David comes Cenomannicus et Gaufridus comes Corbonensis dedignabantur recipere feodum suum a predicto rege, asserentes nullo modo se posse subici generi Burgundionum. Audiens autem rex eorum superbiam et vidcns regni sui non parvam diminutionem, habito consilio cum Gaufrido comite et cum primatibus regni, tempore constituto et die denominato, decrevit obsidere castrum Moritonie. Comes vero Gaufridus prenoscens adventum exercitus regis, movens castra de Vindocino, dans assultum predicto castre virtute consueta et probitate gentis sue, Gaufridum comitem et oppidanos suos minus timentes cepit et domino suo regi tradidit vel reddidit. David vero comes, dedignans ad colloquium regis venire, mandavit quod nullo modo se ei subiceret et quod nullo tempore rex Rotbertus Cenomannicam suam videre presumeret. Audiens autem rex arrogantiam et indignationem predicti comitis, ipsum David et Cenomannicam suam Gaufrido Grisa Gonella et suis successoribus ex dono regio tribuit jure possidendam2.» — HUC USQUE SUNT SCRIPTA FULCONIS JEROSOLIMITANI.
  1. Sans nous arrêter aux multiples anachronismes dont ce récit est parsemé, disons seulement qu’il convient de le rapprocher du chapitre consacré à Geoffroi Grisegonelle dans les Gesta consulum Andegavorum, ci-dessus, p. 38-44, et notons qu’on y retrouve, avec certaines précisions nouvelles, l’écho des mêmes légendes d'allure épique que nous avons signalées, p. 38, n. 1.
  2. Le siège de Melun se place en réalité au temps de Hugue Capet, en 991, et ce texte est le seul qui parle à ce propos d’une intervention des Angevins. Le récit qu’il présente ne s’accorde, en outre, qu’assez mal avec ce que nous savons par ailleurs de cet événement (cf. Lot, Etudes sur le règne de Hugues Capet, p. 160-161). Il est évident qu’il a été imaginé de toutes pièces pour justifier la prétendue donation faite à Geoffroi Grisegonelle des droits du roi sur les évêchés d’Angers et du Mans.
  1. On sait qu’au temps des premiers Capétiens les charges de sénéchal et de maire du palais étaient unies. Voir A. Luchaire, Histoire des institutions monarchiques de la France sous les premiers Capétiens, 2e éd., t. I, p. 178, et Du Gange, Glossarium, au mot « major », éd. Didot, t. IV, p. 192, col. 1.
  2. Encore un récit fabuleux, dont le but est évidemment de faire remonter au temps de Geoffroi Grisegonelle les droits des comtes d’Anjou sur le Maine. Le comte David n’a pas plus existé que le comte de Corbonnais Geoffroi. Cf. Latouche, Histoire du comté du Maine pendant le Xe et le XIe siècle (Paris, 1910, in-8o), p. 110.
This roughly translates as:
      ON THE MAJORITY AND SENESCALITY OF FRANCE
  THIS WRITING WAS WRITTEN BY FULCO, COUNT OF JERUSALEM, IN THE CHURCH OF THE SEPULCHER OF LOCHIS WITH GREAT HONOR OF BURIAL, ABOUT THE GIFTS MADE TO HIS PRECEDERS BY THE KING OF FRANCE.
  When God wished to exalt Robert, the son of the duke, to the position of king, Geoffrey the Grey Cloak served his lord, king Robert, with three thousand armed men. For Otho, king of the Alemanni, with all his forces of the Saxons and Danes, had besieged the mountain of Morentiacus, and was making many ignominious assaults on the city of Paris. In this necessity of battle, king Robert and his father handed over the command of the first cohort to the aforesaid count Geoffrey the Grey Cloak, and appointed him as his leader and advisor to pursue the army of the Alemanni.
  So king Robert pursued the Alemanni king, with Geoffrey the Grey Cloak in front, as far as the river Esne; count Geoffrey, however, who was skilled in fighting and accustomed to it, had inflicted such a great slaughter on the enemy on the river before the arrival of king Robert, that you would have thought it was a pond, not a river. So the Alemanni were put to flight, king Robert, having assembled a general council, with the advice of his father and the bishops, counts, and barons, gave count Geoffrey whatever king Lothair had had in his bishoprics, namely Anjou and Maine; but if he or his successors could acquire anything else, he entrusted to himself the same liberty which he himself held1.
  The wickedness of the count of Tricac could not withstand the king's prosperity, but to suppress his treachery the king gathered as large an army as he could. So he besieged Meludun; and when he had sat there a long time, he saw that he was making no progress. So, having been summoned, Geoffrey the Grey Cloak hurried without delay to his customary service with his Anjou men. But Geoffrey, coming, put his constables first, asking that he be shown on which side he should sit. But they returned and reported to their lord that the army was so great that there was no suitable place for them to besiege. For the aforementioned town was situated on the island of Secane, surrounded on all sides by a wall made of lime and sand. Therefore, seeing that they could have no shelter, the Angevins put on arms, crossed the waves of Secane through the middle of the army, attacked the town with their usual valor, and captured the castle. What the army could not do for three months, they achieved in half a day. But the French, admiring the unprecedented audacity of this nation, wherever they went, they magnified them with all praise2.
  But the king, seeing such great ardor of the prince, and that he prevailed in the kingdom both in arms and in counsel, and because he deserved well here and elsewhere, he immediately established for himself and his successors a hereditary majority of the kingdom1 and the royal house, with the applause and praise of all.
  Count Fulk said these words to his chaplain Tescelin: "Listen, presbyter, what kind of service count Geoffrey the Grey Cloak has rendered to my lord king Robert. Count David of Maine and count Geoffrey of Corbon disdained to receive their fee from the aforesaid king, asserting that they could in no way be subject to the Burgundian race. But the king, hearing of their pride and seeing the no small diminution of his kingdom, having held a council with count Geoffrey and the primates of the kingdom, at a time appointed and a day named, decided to besiege the castle of Moriton. But count Geoffrey, foreseeing the arrival of the king's army, moved his camp from Vindocin, and assaulted the aforesaid castle with the customary valor and probity of his people, captured count Geoffrey and his townsmen, who were less afraid, and delivered or returned them to their lord the king. But count David, disdaining to come to the king's conference, commanded that he should in no way submit to him and that at no time should king Robert presume to see his Maine. But the king, hearing the arrogance and indignation of the aforesaid earl, granted David himself and his Maine to Geoffrey the Grey Cloak and his successors by royal gift, to be possessed by right2. — UP TO THIS POINT ARE THE WRITINGS OF FULCON OF JERUSALEM.
  1. Without dwelling on the many anachronisms that pepper this story, let us simply say that it should be compared with the chapter devoted to Geoffroi Grisegonelle in the Gesta consulum Andegavorum, above, pp. 38-44, and note that we find there, with certain new details, the echo of the same epic-like legends that we have noted, p. 38, n. 1.
  2. The siege of Melun actually took place in the time of Hugh Capet, in 991, and this text is the only one that speaks in this regard of an intervention by the Angevins. The account it presents, moreover, fits only poorly with what we know elsewhere about this event (cf. Lot, Etudes sur le règne de Hugues Capet, pp. 160-161). It is clear that this was entirely fabricated to justify the supposed donation made to Geoffroi Grisegonelle of the king's rights over the bishoprics of Angers and Le Mans.
  1. It is known that in the time of the first Capetians, the offices of seneschal and mayor of the palace were combined. See A. Luchaire, Histoire des institutions monarchiques de la France sous les premiers Capétiens, 2nd ed., vol. I, p. 178, and Du Gange, Glossarium, au mot "major," ed. Didot, vol. IV, p. 192, col. 1.
  2. Yet another fabulous tale, the purpose of which is obviously to trace the rights of the counts of Anjou over Maine back to the time of Geoffroi Grisegonelle. Count David no more existed than Geoffroi Count of Corbonnais. Cf. Latouche, History of the County of Maine during the 10th and 11th centuries (Paris, 1910, in-8o), p. 110.

Death: 21 July 987, at the siege of Marçon, county of Blois, "where he was seized with an infirmity".

Annales de Saint-Aubin in Chroniques des eglises d'Anjou p21 (Paul Marchegay and Emile Mabille, 1869)
  DCCCCLXXXVII.— Obiit Gaufridus comes, pater Fulconis comitis, XIIo kalendas augusti; in obsidione Narsonis (2) super Odonem Rufinum facta.
 (2) Sic pour Marsonis.
 This roughly translates as:
  987.— Count Geoffrey, father of count Fulk, died on the 12th Kalends of August [21 July], during the siege of Narson (2) against Odo Rufinus.
  (2) Sic for Marson.

Buried: in the abbey of St. Martin, Tours, county of Touraine

Sources:

Gerberge

Married: Foulques II "le Bon"

Children:
Notes:
Gerberge is named as the mother of Geoffroy "Grisegonelle" in a charter, dated 966, concerning the abbey of St Aubin, by which date she was already dead.
Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers vol 1 pp4-6 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903)
II. (A. 2.) — 966, 19 juin
… Carta Gaufridi Andecavensis comitis cui Grisea Gunnella cognomen fuit, de canonicis ejectis in monasterio Sancti Albini et monachili regula imposita et Widboldo abbate primo instituto.
… Illud notum esse volumus omnibus sanctæ Dei ecclesiæ fidelibus, quia in hac re bonam operandi a Deo percipientes voluntatem, statuimus in primis, pro remedio animæ senioris nostri domni Hugonis, præsentis Francorum ducis, seu pro patris matrisque ejus animæ itidem redemptione, necnon causa adjutorii animæ patris mei Fulconis, matris quoque meæ Gerbergæ, in prædicto cœnobio Sancti Albini monachilis ordinis perfectionem, eliminata, quæ in eodem loco non dominicis hactenus, sed suis secularibus vacaverit lucris, canonicali congregatione.
 This roughly translates as:
II. (A. 2.) — 966, 19 June
… Charter of Geoffrey, count of Andecavès, surnamed Grisea Gunnella, concerning the canons expelled from the monastery of Saint Albinus and the imposition of a monastic rule and instituted by Widbold, the first abbot.
… We wish this to be known to all the faithful of the holy church of God, because in this matter, having received from God the will to work well, we have decided, first of all, for the relief of the soul of our elder lord Hugh, the present duke of the Franks, or for the redemption of the souls of his father and mother, and also for the cause of the assistance of the souls of my father Fulk, and also of my mother Gerberga, to abolish the perfection of the monastic order in the aforesaid monastery of Saint Albinus, which has not hitherto been occupied in the same place by the Lords, but by its secular profits, by a canonical congregation.

Sources:

Ingelger

Children:
Notes:
Ingelger is named as his father by Foulques I in this charter, dated 929-930.
Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers vol 1 p203 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903)
Carta Fulconis Andecavorum, comitis Ingelgerii filii, de donatione curtis Chiriaci Sancto Albino.
  [58] In nomine Domini nostri et Salvatoris Jhesu Christi.
  Ego Fulco, Andecavorum cornes, abbas quoque Saneti Albini Sanctique Lizinii, necnon et uxor mea Roscilla et filii mei, Widdo ac Fulco, nullius cogentis imperium, sed nostra plenissima voluntate, fatetur nos, pro Dei amore et pro remedium mee anime vel anime Ingelgerio, genitore meo, atque Ingelgerio, filio meo, necnon pro anima Warnerio, socro meo et uxore sua, Tescenda, ut pius Dominus de peccatis nostris indulgentiam habere dignaretur, curti Chiriaci cum silvis vel pratis, totum ad integrum in inquisitum, quantumcumque in ipso loco in mea videtur esse potestate, vobis trado atque firmo ut ab hac die ac deinceps habeatis, teneatis, possideatis, neminem contradicentem.
This roughly translates as:
Charter of Fulcon of Anjou, son of count Ingelgerius, concerning the donation of the manor of Cyriacus to Saint Albinus.
  [58] In the name of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
  I Fulcon, count of Anjou, also abbot of Saint Albinus and Saint Lizinius, and also my wife Roscilla and my sons, Widdo and Fulco, without any compelling authority, but of our own most complete will, confess that we, for the love of God and for the remedy of my soul and the souls of Ingelgerius, my father, and Ingelgerius, my son, and also for the soul of Warner, my father-in-law and his wife, Tescenda, that the pious Lord may deign to have indulgence for our sins, do deliver and confirm to you the manor of Cyriacus with its woods or meadows, all in full and in the inquisition, as much as seems to be in my power in that place, that from this day and henceforth you may have, hold, and possess, no one opposing us.

This section on Ingelger is regarded by modern historians as more legend than fact.
Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp29-31 (Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913)
    GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
        [DE INGELGERIO]
  Circa id tempestatis, mortuo Tertullo in Francia, filius ejus nomine Ingelgerius hereditatis ipsius possidens remansit, sub Karolo Calvo tamen generatus. Namque Tertullus nobilem duxerat uxorem, ducis Burgundie consanguineam, nomine Petronillam, que hunc puerum peperit. Hic itaque predicto Lodovico presente miles efficitur. Qui juvenis alacer, miles optimus, patris virtutem non solum equiparans sed etiam superans, beneficia ampliora adquisivit, facta fortiora et audaciora manu sua gessit. Namque ipse admodum juvenis quandam nobilem matronam sibique matrem spiritualem ex baptismo, Guastinensis pagi incolam, adulterio falso impetitam, cui hujus criminis causa ejus inimici sua omnia auferre volebant, iste, monomacho certamine contra accusatorem dimicans, illam dominam defendit ac liberavit. Quo facto, a tota illius progenie et fere ab omnibus nobilibus [de] crimine tam nobilis domine dolentibus nimis dilectus, apud Landonense castrum patris casamentum ei valde a[u]gmentatum est.
  Postea vero ipsi rex predictus vicecomitatum Aurelianensis civitatis in casamento donavit. Deinde vero aput Turonos regiam prefecturam assequutus, terram illam a Normannis virilitcr defendit. Ibiqiie ipsi sapienter ac juste officium commissum procuranti Turonensium nobiles atque pontifices Adalaudus et Raino, ambo germani fratres et ex Aurelianensi urbe nobiliter nati cives, neptim suam Aelendim nomine ei in conjugium copularunt, tradentes ei cum puella per auctoritatem regis et optimatum patrimonia sua, que eis in Aurelianensi pago et Turonico hereditate legitima perveniebant. Nam alodium agnationis eorum erat Ambazium, villa tunc tantummodo et in colle habens ruinas castelli antiqui olim a versutis Normannis deleti; quod sane, predictorum presulum rogatu, huic Ingelgerio rex Lodovicus refecit ac munivit. Datus est etiam ei, eisdem intervenientibus, et dimidius comitatus Andegavis civitatis, quia ultra Meduanam in Andegavo alter comes habebatur. Sed utraque pars territorii illius, infestantibus assidue modo Normannis, modo Britonibus, pene in vastam solitudinem cum ipsa civitate sua redacta erat. Atque ita jam diu rege et predictis duobus episcopis et aliis primatibus Francie, qui ibi stationes suas nimium tediosas facere a rege cogebantur, in custodiis civitatis hujus defessis, libenter Ingelgerius, cujus strenuitati omnes confidebant, ad defendendam regionem et urbem sevis predonibus oppositus est et comes ibi factus. Nec ille minora ibi quam sperabantur operatus est; gravia vero bella insignesque victorias contra hostes factitavit.
  Aliquantisper hic, quandiu vixit, grassantium rabiem retorsit, quietem pacis in Andegavo prêter Transmeduanenses pagos reddidit. Roberto, Haimonis filio, viro forti sibique fideli, Ambazium commendavit; qui tamen partem oppidi jure hereditario possidebat et Ingelgerio homo ligius erat. Talia actitans Ingelgerius morte obiit. Cui filius ejus Fulco, ille qui cognominatus est Rufus, successit. Iste quoque consimilia patris actibus aut etiam majora adversus impugnatores exercuit.
This roughly translates as:
    THE DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
        [OF INGELGER]
  About that time, when Tertullus died in France, his son named Ingelger remained in possession of his inheritance, but was born under Charles the Bald. For Tertullus had married a noble wife, a relative of the Duke of Burgundy, named Petronilla, who bore him this child. Here, therefore, in the presence of the aforesaid Louis, he was made a knight. This young man, an excellent knight, not only equaling but also surpassing his father's virtue, acquired greater benefits, and accomplished stronger and bolder deeds with his own hand. For he himself, when quite young, had a certain noble matron and spiritual mother to him by baptism, an inhabitant of the village of Guastin, falsely accused of adultery, from whom his enemies wanted to take away everything for the sake of this crime. He, fighting in a gladiator contest against the accuser, defended and liberated that lady. Which done, being greatly beloved by all his descendants and almost by all the nobles, who grieved for the crime of such a noble lord, his father's castle at Landon was greatly increased.
  Later, however, the aforementioned king himself granted the vice-counties of the city of Aurelian in marriage. Then, having obtained the royal prefecture of Tournoi, he manfully defended that land from the Normans. There, wisely and justly carrying out the task entrusted to him, the nobles and pontiffs of Tournoi, Adalaud and Raino, both brothers and citizens of noble birth from the city of Aurelian, gave him their niece, Aelendim, in marriage, handing over to her, together with the girl, their patrimony by the authority of the king and the optimates, which had come to them by legitimate inheritance in the Aurelian village and Tournoi. For their agnate estate was Ambazium, then only a town and on a hill having the ruins of an ancient castle once destroyed by the cunning Normans; which indeed, at the request of the aforementioned prelates, king Louis restored and fortified this Ingelgerius. He was also given, through the same intervention, half the county of the city of Anjou, because there was another count in Anjou beyond the Medouane. But both parts of that territory, constantly attacked now by the Normans, now by the Britons, had been reduced almost to a vast wilderness with their own city. And so for a long time now, when the king and the aforementioned two bishops and other primates of France, who were forced by the king to make their posts there too tedious, had been weary in guarding this city, Ingelgerius, in whose energy everyone trusted, was willingly opposed to defend the region and the city against his own plunderers and was made count there. He did no less there than was expected; indeed, he waged serious wars and notable victories against the enemy. For a while, as long as he lived, he turned back the fury of the raiders, and restored peace to Anjou, except for the villages across the Medouane. He entrusted Ambazium to Robert, the son of Haimon, a strong man and faithful to him; who nevertheless possessed part of the town by hereditary right and was a more loyal man than Ingelgerius. Acting in this way, Ingelgerius died. His son Fulk, the one surnamed Rufus, succeeded him. He also performed deeds similar to his father's, or even greater, against the invaders.
p167
    GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
ADDITAMENTA
   DE INGELGERIO. — Hic juvenis alacer, miles optinus, patris virtutem non solum equiparans sed etiam superans beneficia ampliora adquisivit, facta fortiora manu sua gessit. Qua de re apud Landonense castrum patris casamentum valde augmentatum est. Rex vero vicecomitatum Aurelianensis civitatis in casamentum ei donavit. Deinde apud Turonos regiam prefecturam assequutus, terram illam a Normannis viriliter defendit. Datus est ei et dimidius comitatus Andegavensis civitatis ad defendendam regionem et urbem sevisque, predonibus oppositus est et comes ibi factus.
This roughly translates as:
    DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
ADDITIONAL
   OF INGELGER. —  This young man, an eager soldier, not only equaling but also surpassing his father's virtue, acquired greater benefits and accomplished greater deeds with his own hand. As a result, his father's castle at Landon was greatly enlarged. The king also gave him the vice-counties of the city of Aurelian as a castle. Then, having obtained the royal prefecture at Tours, he manfully defended that land from the Normans. He was also given half the county of the city of Anjou to defend the region and the city and its people, and he opposed the robbers and was made count there.

Death: 888

Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p47 (1874)
[An. 888.] Tunc etiam obiit Ingelgerius Comes Andegavensis anno Comitatûs XVIII; cui successit Fulco Rufus filius ejus, qui cum eo apud Autissiodorum fuerat ad corpus B. Martini evehendum.
This roughly translates as:
[Year 888.] Then also died Ingelger, Count of Anjou, in the 18th year of the Count; who was succeeded by Fulk Rufus, his son, who had been with him at Autissiodorum to carry the body of St. Martin.

Buried: in the abbey of St. Martin, Tours, county of Touraine

Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p52 (1874)
[An. 938.]  Anno Othonis III et Ludovici Regis II, erant adhuc Canonici seculares in Ecclesia S. Albini apud Andegavis: ubi Fulco Rufus Comes Andegavensis Monachos posuit; nec multò pòst obiit, et in Ecclesia B. Martini Turon. juxta patrem suum sepultus est: cui successit Fulco Bonus filius ejus.
This roughly translates as:
[Year 938.] In the 3rd year of King Otto and the 2nd of King Louis, there were still secular canons in the Church of St. Albinus at Anjou: where Fulk Rufus, Count of Anjou, ordained monks; he died not long afterwards, and was buried in the Church of St. Martin of Tours, next to his father: who was succeeded by his son Fulk Good.

Sources:
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